"cầm" meaning in All languages combined

See cầm on Wiktionary

Noun [Vietnamese]

IPA: [kəm˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [kəm˦˩] [Huế], [kəm˨˩] (note: Saigon), [kəm˧˧] [Hà-Tĩnh, Thanh-Chương, Vinh] Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav
Etymology: Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴. Etymology templates: {{etymid|vi|琴}}, {{categorize|vi|Sino-Vietnamese words}}, {{vi-etym-sino|琴}} Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴 Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|cat2=compound parts}} cầm
  1. (only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument Tags: in-compounds Categories (topical): Musical instruments
    Sense id: en-cầm-vi-noun-4PhrwMoI Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sino-Vietnamese words, Vietnamese compound parts, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 90 3 1 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 93 3 1 3 Disambiguation of Sino-Vietnamese words: 56 19 6 19 Disambiguation of Vietnamese compound parts: 58 18 6 18 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 92 2 1 5 Topics: entertainment, lifestyle, music Derived forms: cầm ca (alt: 琴歌), cầm đường (alt: 琴堂), cầm sắt (alt: 琴瑟), cổ cầm (alt: 古琴) (english: guqin), dương cầm (alt: 洋琴) (english: piano; yangqin), độc huyền cầm (alt: 獨弦琴) (english: dan bau), hạ uy cầm (alt: 夏威琴) (english: steel guitar), hồ cầm (alt: 胡琴) (english: huqin), lục huyền cầm (alt: 六絃琴) (english: scalloped guitar), mã đầu cầm (alt: 馬頭琴) (english: morin khuur), mộc cầm (alt: 木琴) (english: xylophone), nguyệt cầm (alt: 月琴) (english: moon lute), phong cầm (alt: 風琴) (english: accordion), sắt cầm (alt: 瑟琴), tây ban cầm (alt: 西班琴) (english: guitar), vĩ cầm (alt: 尾琴) (english: violin)
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Vietnamese]

IPA: [kəm˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [kəm˦˩] [Huế], [kəm˨˩] (note: Saigon), [kəm˧˧] [Hà-Tĩnh, Thanh-Chương, Vinh] Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav
Etymology: Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽. Etymology templates: {{etymid|vi|禽}}, {{categorize|vi|Sino-Vietnamese words}}, {{vi-etym-sino|禽}} Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽 Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|cat2=compound parts}} cầm
  1. (only in compounds) bird Tags: in-compounds Derived forms: cầm thú (alt: 禽獸) (english: animals), gia cầm (alt: 家禽) (english: poultry), thảo cầm viên (alt: 草禽園) (english: zoological and botanical garden), thuỷ cầm (alt: 水禽) (english: anseriform)
    Sense id: en-cầm-vi-noun-elF57swP
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb [Vietnamese]

IPA: [kəm˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [kəm˦˩] [Huế], [kəm˨˩] (note: Saigon), [kəm˧˧] [Hà-Tĩnh, Thanh-Chương, Vinh] Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav Forms: [CJK], [CJK]
Etymology: Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒. Etymology templates: {{etymid|vi|擒}}, {{categorize|vi|Sino-Vietnamese words}}, {{vi-etym-sino|擒}} Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒 Head templates: {{head|vi|verb|||head=|tr=擒,捦}} cầm • (擒,捦), {{vi-verb|擒,捦}} cầm • (擒,捦)
  1. to hold, to keep
    Sense id: en-cầm-vi-verb-ZdCleYWQ
  2. to capture, to seize, to arrest
    Sense id: en-cầm-vi-verb-URbphTsa
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: cầm đồ, cầm quân, cầm quyền (alt: 擒權) (english: to hold power), giam cầm (alt: 監擒) (english: to confine)
Etymology number: 1
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cầm đồ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cầm quân"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "擒權",
      "english": "to hold power",
      "word": "cầm quyền"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "監擒",
      "english": "to confine",
      "word": "giam cầm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
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        "1": "擒"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "擒",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "捦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
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        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "擒,捦"
      },
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      "name": "head"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "擒,捦"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm • (擒,捦)",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to hold, to keep"
      ],
      "id": "en-cầm-vi-verb-ZdCleYWQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to capture, to seize, to arrest"
      ],
      "id": "en-cầm-vi-verb-URbphTsa",
      "links": [
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "arrest",
          "arrest"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "cầm"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "琴"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
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    {
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        "1": "琴"
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      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴.",
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "compound parts"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Musical instruments",
          "orig": "vi:Musical instruments",
          "parents": [
            "Music",
            "Tools",
            "Art",
            "Sound",
            "Technology",
            "Culture",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 3 1 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 3 1 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 19 6 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 18 6 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese compound parts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 2 1 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "alt": "琴歌",
          "word": "cầm ca"
        },
        {
          "alt": "琴堂",
          "word": "cầm đường"
        },
        {
          "alt": "琴瑟",
          "word": "cầm sắt"
        },
        {
          "alt": "古琴",
          "english": "guqin",
          "word": "cổ cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "洋琴",
          "english": "piano; yangqin",
          "word": "dương cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "獨弦琴",
          "english": "dan bau",
          "word": "độc huyền cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "夏威琴",
          "english": "steel guitar",
          "word": "hạ uy cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "胡琴",
          "english": "huqin",
          "word": "hồ cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "六絃琴",
          "english": "scalloped guitar",
          "word": "lục huyền cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "馬頭琴",
          "english": "morin khuur",
          "word": "mã đầu cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "木琴",
          "english": "xylophone",
          "word": "mộc cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "月琴",
          "english": "moon lute",
          "word": "nguyệt cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "風琴",
          "english": "accordion",
          "word": "phong cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "瑟琴",
          "word": "sắt cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "西班琴",
          "english": "guitar",
          "word": "tây ban cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "尾琴",
          "english": "violin",
          "word": "vĩ cầm"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zither; string instrument"
      ],
      "id": "en-cầm-vi-noun-4PhrwMoI",
      "links": [
        [
          "music",
          "music"
        ],
        [
          "zither",
          "zither"
        ],
        [
          "string",
          "string"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "cầm"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "禽"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
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        "2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
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      "name": "categorize"
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        "1": "禽"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
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  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
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        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "compound parts"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm",
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  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "alt": "禽獸",
          "english": "animals",
          "word": "cầm thú"
        },
        {
          "alt": "家禽",
          "english": "poultry",
          "word": "gia cầm"
        },
        {
          "alt": "草禽園",
          "english": "zoological and botanical garden",
          "word": "thảo cầm viên"
        },
        {
          "alt": "水禽",
          "english": "anseriform",
          "word": "thuỷ cầm"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bird"
      ],
      "id": "en-cầm-vi-noun-elF57swP",
      "links": [
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only in compounds) bird"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
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        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
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  "word": "cầm"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Vietnamese words",
    "Vietnamese compound parts",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cầm đồ"
    },
    {
      "word": "cầm quân"
    },
    {
      "alt": "擒權",
      "english": "to hold power",
      "word": "cầm quyền"
    },
    {
      "alt": "監擒",
      "english": "to confine",
      "word": "giam cầm"
    }
  ],
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      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 擒.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "擒",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "捦",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
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        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "擒,捦"
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      "name": "head"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "擒,捦"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm • (擒,捦)",
      "name": "vi-verb"
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  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to hold, to keep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hold",
          "hold"
        ],
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to capture, to seize, to arrest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ],
        [
          "seize",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "arrest",
          "arrest"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "cầm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Vietnamese words",
    "Vietnamese compound parts",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "琴歌",
      "word": "cầm ca"
    },
    {
      "alt": "琴堂",
      "word": "cầm đường"
    },
    {
      "alt": "琴瑟",
      "word": "cầm sắt"
    },
    {
      "alt": "古琴",
      "english": "guqin",
      "word": "cổ cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "洋琴",
      "english": "piano; yangqin",
      "word": "dương cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "獨弦琴",
      "english": "dan bau",
      "word": "độc huyền cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "夏威琴",
      "english": "steel guitar",
      "word": "hạ uy cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "胡琴",
      "english": "huqin",
      "word": "hồ cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "六絃琴",
      "english": "scalloped guitar",
      "word": "lục huyền cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "馬頭琴",
      "english": "morin khuur",
      "word": "mã đầu cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "木琴",
      "english": "xylophone",
      "word": "mộc cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "月琴",
      "english": "moon lute",
      "word": "nguyệt cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "風琴",
      "english": "accordion",
      "word": "phong cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "瑟琴",
      "word": "sắt cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "西班琴",
      "english": "guitar",
      "word": "tây ban cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "尾琴",
      "english": "violin",
      "word": "vĩ cầm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "琴"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "琴"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 琴.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "compound parts"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "vi:Musical instruments"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zither; string instrument"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "music",
          "music"
        ],
        [
          "zither",
          "zither"
        ],
        [
          "string",
          "string"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cầm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Vietnamese words",
    "Vietnamese compound parts",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "禽獸",
      "english": "animals",
      "word": "cầm thú"
    },
    {
      "alt": "家禽",
      "english": "poultry",
      "word": "gia cầm"
    },
    {
      "alt": "草禽園",
      "english": "zoological and botanical garden",
      "word": "thảo cầm viên"
    },
    {
      "alt": "水禽",
      "english": "anseriform",
      "word": "thuỷ cầm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "禽"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "禽"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽",
      "name": "vi-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "compound parts"
      },
      "expansion": "cầm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bird"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(only in compounds) bird"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˨˩]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kəm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Tĩnh",
        "Thanh-Chương",
        "Vinh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cầm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-c%E1%BA%A7m.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cầm"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cầm meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.