See bref on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bref meaning in All languages combined (12.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French brief, from Latin brevis. A folk etymology derives it as an acronym of Bon, Revenons-En aux Faits, but this is completely inacurate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brève",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "brefs",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brèves",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f": "brève"
},
"expansion": "bref (feminine brève, masculine plural brefs, feminine plural brèves)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dans les plus brefs délais"
},
{
"word": "en bref"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sent her a brief message of only a few lines.",
"text": "Il lui envoya un bref message de quelques lignes seulement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brief (of short duration)"
],
"id": "en-bref-fr-adj-8XrfCCrU",
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʁɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bref.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg/Fr-bref.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French brief, from Latin brevis. A folk etymology derives it as an acronym of Bon, Revenons-En aux Faits, but this is completely inacurate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bref",
"name": "fr-adv"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have already told you that that cannot be, that it must not be; in short, I do not want it.",
"text": "Je vous ai déjà dit que cela ne se peut, que cela ne doit pas être ; bref, je ne le veux pas.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in short, in brief, briefly"
],
"id": "en-bref-fr-adv-Ar1kriES",
"links": [
[
"in short",
"in short"
],
[
"in brief",
"in brief"
],
[
"briefly",
"briefly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) in short, in brief, briefly"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʁɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bref.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg/Fr-bref.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brevely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "English: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brieve"
},
"expansion": "brieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*breɣʷis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *breɣʷis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mery"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mery",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French brief, and its feminine form brieve, from Latin brevis, form Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Doublet of mery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "breve",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breve",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "breve",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bref (plural and weak singular breve)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "breve"
},
"expansion": "bref (plural and weak singular breve)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"concise (having a short word-count)"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-adj-KqamGUL5",
"links": [
[
"concise",
"concise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"brief (short, ephemeral or quick)"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-adj-d6c--PJ8",
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"diminutive, little"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-adj-gg2y-Gi1",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive"
],
[
"little",
"little"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) diminutive, little"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-adj-wtIUpITp",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) stupid"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbreːv(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breefe"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief",
"3": "breve"
},
"expansion": "English: brief, breve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief, breve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief",
"3": "brieve",
"4": "breef",
"5": "briefe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brieve"
},
"expansion": "brieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*breɣʷis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *breɣʷis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mery"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mery",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French brief, and its feminine form brieve, from Latin brevis, form Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Doublet of mery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brefes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bref",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brefes"
},
"expansion": "bref (plural brefes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 0 28 23 3 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A message, especially one that gives approval or authorises."
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-noun-~ggOaLMg",
"links": [
[
"message",
"message"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 0 28 23 3 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brief (writ, summons)"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-noun-zurErrZ1",
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A written text or part of one acting as a record."
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-noun-Blcj7Emp",
"links": [
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"record",
"record"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 4 0 18 7 3 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 0 28 23 3 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 3 0 21 22 2 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 7 0 11 17 8 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breve (double whole note)"
],
"id": "en-bref-enm-noun-fOo9VUZl",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"breve",
"breve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, music) breve (double whole note)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbreːv(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brefe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breefe"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin brevis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bref oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bres",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bres",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bref",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bref oblique singular, m (oblique plural bres, nominative singular bres, nominative plural bref)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brief"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of brief"
],
"id": "en-bref-fro-noun-3QCoNsDn",
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bref n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bref n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brev"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of brev"
],
"id": "en-bref-sv-noun-tFlFyS9w",
"links": [
[
"brev",
"brev#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brefaf"
},
"expansion": "brefaf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brefu",
"t": "to bleat, bellow, bray"
},
"expansion": "brefu (“to bleat, bellow, bray”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*brėβ̃ɨd",
"t": "to make noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *brėβ̃ɨd (“to make noise”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the verbal base of brefaf / brefu (“to bleat, bellow, bray”), from Proto-Brythonic *brėβ̃ɨd (“to make noise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brefau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brefion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "fref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "brefau",
"pl2": "brefion"
},
"expansion": "bref m (plural brefau or brefion)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to bleat, to bellow, to bray, to cry",
"word": "brefu"
},
{
"english": "October",
"word": "Hydref"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bleat, low, bellow, bray, roar, cry"
],
"id": "en-bref-cy-noun-wfRNs8~X",
"links": [
[
"bleat",
"bleat"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"bellow",
"bellow"
],
[
"bray",
"bray"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːv/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːv"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French adverbs",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French undefined derivations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dans les plus brefs délais"
},
{
"word": "en bref"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French brief, from Latin brevis. A folk etymology derives it as an acronym of Bon, Revenons-En aux Faits, but this is completely inacurate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brève",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "brefs",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brèves",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f": "brève"
},
"expansion": "bref (feminine brève, masculine plural brefs, feminine plural brèves)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He sent her a brief message of only a few lines.",
"text": "Il lui envoya un bref message de quelques lignes seulement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brief (of short duration)"
],
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʁɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bref.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg/Fr-bref.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French adverbs",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French undefined derivations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French brief, from Latin brevis. A folk etymology derives it as an acronym of Bon, Revenons-En aux Faits, but this is completely inacurate.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bref",
"name": "fr-adv"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French informal terms",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have already told you that that cannot be, that it must not be; in short, I do not want it.",
"text": "Je vous ai déjà dit que cela ne se peut, que cela ne doit pas être ; bref, je ne le veux pas.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in short, in brief, briefly"
],
"links": [
[
"in short",
"in short"
],
[
"in brief",
"in brief"
],
[
"briefly",
"briefly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) in short, in brief, briefly"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʁɛf/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bref.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg/Fr-bref.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-bref.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Law"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brevely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "English: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brieve"
},
"expansion": "brieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*breɣʷis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *breɣʷis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mery"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mery",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French brief, and its feminine form brieve, from Latin brevis, form Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Doublet of mery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "breve",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "breve",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "breve",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bref (plural and weak singular breve)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "breve"
},
"expansion": "bref (plural and weak singular breve)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"concise (having a short word-count)"
],
"links": [
[
"concise",
"concise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"brief (short, ephemeral or quick)"
],
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive, little"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive"
],
[
"little",
"little"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) diminutive, little"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) stupid"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbreːv(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "breef"
},
{
"word": "breve"
},
{
"word": "brefe"
},
{
"word": "breefe"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Law"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brief",
"3": "breve"
},
"expansion": "English: brief, breve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: brief, breve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "brief",
"3": "brieve",
"4": "breef",
"5": "briefe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brief"
},
"expansion": "Old French brief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brieve"
},
"expansion": "brieve",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*breɣʷis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *breɣʷis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mréǵʰus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mery"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of mery",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French brief, and its feminine form brieve, from Latin brevis, form Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Doublet of mery.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brefes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bref",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "brefes"
},
"expansion": "bref (plural brefes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A message, especially one that gives approval or authorises."
],
"links": [
[
"message",
"message"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"brief (writ, summons)"
],
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A written text or part of one acting as a record."
],
"links": [
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"record",
"record"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"breve (double whole note)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"breve",
"breve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, music) breve (double whole note)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbreːv(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "breef"
},
{
"word": "breve"
},
{
"word": "brefe"
},
{
"word": "breefe"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "brevis"
},
"expansion": "Latin brevis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin brevis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bref oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bres",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bres",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bref",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bref oblique singular, m (oblique plural bres, nominative singular bres, nominative plural bref)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brief"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of brief"
],
"links": [
[
"brief",
"brief#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bref n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bref n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brev"
}
],
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish neuter nouns",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of brev"
],
"links": [
[
"brev",
"brev#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to bleat, to bellow, to bray, to cry",
"word": "brefu"
},
{
"english": "October",
"word": "Hydref"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brefaf"
},
"expansion": "brefaf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brefu",
"t": "to bleat, bellow, bray"
},
"expansion": "brefu (“to bleat, bellow, bray”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*brėβ̃ɨd",
"t": "to make noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *brėβ̃ɨd (“to make noise”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the verbal base of brefaf / brefu (“to bleat, bellow, bray”), from Proto-Brythonic *brėβ̃ɨd (“to make noise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brefau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brefion",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "fref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mref",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "brefau",
"pl2": "brefion"
},
"expansion": "bref m (plural brefau or brefion)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Welsh/eːv",
"Rhymes:Welsh/eːv/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"a bleat, low, bellow, bray, roar, cry"
],
"links": [
[
"bleat",
"bleat"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"bellow",
"bellow"
],
[
"bray",
"bray"
],
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/breːv/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eːv"
}
],
"word": "bref"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'bref oblique singular or', originally 'bref oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'bref oblique singular or', originally 'bref oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'bref oblique singular or' in 'bref oblique singular, m (oblique plural bres, nominative singular bres, nominative plural bref)'",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: fref, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: mref, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bref"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bref",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.