See bivouac on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bivouac meaning in All languages combined (18.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivouac sack"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bivouac"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "reinforcements of guard or town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-"
},
"expansion": "bii-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bivouac (plural bivouacs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-noun-4tAytnGb",
"links": [
[
"encampment",
"encampment"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бива́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivac"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùsù",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露宿"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露營"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùyíng",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露营"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "野營"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yěyíng",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "野营"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivak"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bivuak"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bivak"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "bivako"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "laavu"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivouac"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Biwak"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivacco"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bibāku",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "ビバーク"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"alt": "ろえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "roei",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露営"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "tīhokahoka"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "māhauhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biwak"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bivuac"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бива́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bivuák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бивуа́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lágerʹ",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ла́герь"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivac"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bivack"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "açık ordugâh"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bivuák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бівуа́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 5 5 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біва́к"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any temporary encampment."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-noun-8s2bLh9J",
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "September 23, 2005, Boston Globe",
"text": "The outing begins by Thursday noon, when the recreational vehicles start rumbling into town and their owners set up bivouacs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A temporary shelter constructed generally for a few nights."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-noun-QZCJbXeE",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 15 73 3 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "māhauhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 15 73 3 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "tīhokahoka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 15 73 3 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "pōrukuruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 15 73 3 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biwak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-noun-09GYi40a",
"links": [
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-noun-tcnPnytC",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"migratory",
"migratory"
],
[
"ant",
"ant"
],
[
"queen",
"queen"
],
[
"larva",
"larva"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.u.æk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.wæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bivouac.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg/En-us-bivouac.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivouack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biouac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivoac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bihovac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shortening",
"word": "bivvy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bivouac"
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bivouac"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "reinforcements of guard or town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-"
},
"expansion": "bii-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bivouacs",
"2": "bivouacing",
"3": "bivouacked",
"pres_3sg2": "bivouacks",
"pres_ptc2": "bivouacking"
},
"expansion": "bivouac (third-person singular simple present bivouacs or bivouacks, present participle bivouacing or bivouacking, simple past and past participle bivouacked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 8 2 22 9 33 22 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We'll bivouac here tonight.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia",
"text": "They reached the fir wood which had caused them so much trouble while it was still daylight, and bivouacked in a hollow just above it. It was tedious gathering the fire wood; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To set up camp."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-verb--UICHpa3",
"links": [
[
"camp",
"camp"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivaquejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivakkeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "biwakieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivaccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "accamparsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "attendarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "campeggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biwakować"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabiwakować"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 9 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivacar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-verb-Wop27Iwz"
},
{
"glosses": [
"To encamp for the night without tents or covering."
],
"id": "en-bivouac-en-verb-jJK0ygGL"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.u.æk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.wæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bivouac.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg/En-us-bivouac.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivouack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biouac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivoac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bihovac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bivy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "shortening",
"word": "bivvy"
}
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бивак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: бивак (bivak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: бивак (bivak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bivuak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bivuak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bivuak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bivouac",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bivouac, bivouack; biouac, bivoac, bihovac; bivy, bivvy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bivouac, bivouack; biouac, bivoac, bihovac; bivy, bivvy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Biwak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Biwak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Biwak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: bivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: bivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bivacco",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: bivacco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: bivacco"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ビバーク",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "bibāku"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ビバーク (bibāku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ビバーク (bibāku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бивак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: бивак (bivak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: бивак (bivak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "biwak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: biwak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: biwak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бивак",
"3": "бивуак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: бивак (bivak), бивуак (bivuak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: бивак (bivak), бивуак (bivuak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "vivac",
"3": "vivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: vivac, vivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: vivac, vivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bivack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bivack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bivack"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivoie"
},
"expansion": "bivoie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-",
"3": "",
"4": "by-"
},
"expansion": "bii- (“by-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier bivoie, biouac, bivac, from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch”), from bii- (“by-”) + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bivouac m (plural bivouacs)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bivouaquer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bivouac (encampment for the night)"
],
"id": "en-bivouac-fr-noun-Ojjlg1mO",
"links": [
[
"bivouac",
"bivouac#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bivac"
},
{
"word": "bivoie"
},
{
"word": "biouac"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bi.vwak/"
}
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Alemannic German",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tus",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æk"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bivouac sack"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bivouac"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "reinforcements of guard or town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-"
},
"expansion": "bii-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bivouac (plural bivouacs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering."
],
"links": [
[
"encampment",
"encampment"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any temporary encampment."
],
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "September 23, 2005, Boston Globe",
"text": "The outing begins by Thursday noon, when the recreational vehicles start rumbling into town and their owners set up bivouacs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A temporary shelter constructed generally for a few nights."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack."
],
"links": [
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"army",
"army"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"migratory",
"migratory"
],
[
"ant",
"ant"
],
[
"queen",
"queen"
],
[
"larva",
"larva"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A structure formed by migratory ants out of their own bodies to protect the queen and larvae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.u.æk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.wæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bivouac.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg/En-us-bivouac.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bivouack"
},
{
"word": "biouac"
},
{
"word": "bivoac"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bihovac"
},
{
"word": "bivy"
},
{
"english": "shortening",
"word": "bivvy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бива́к"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivac"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùsù",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露宿"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露營"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lùyíng",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露营"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "野營"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yěyíng",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "野营"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivak"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bivuak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bivak"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "bivako"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "laavu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivouac"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivaque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Biwak"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivacco"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bibāku",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "ビバーク"
},
{
"alt": "ろえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "roei",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "露営"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "tīhokahoka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "māhauhau"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biwak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bivaque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bivuac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бива́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bivuák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бивуа́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lágerʹ",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ла́герь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivac"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vivaque"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bivack"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"word": "açık ordugâh"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bivuák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бівуа́к"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bivák",
"sense": "encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біва́к"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "māhauhau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "tīhokahoka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"word": "pōrukuruku"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a temporary shelter for a few nights",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biwak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bivouac"
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Alemannic German",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tus",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from French",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æk"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bivouac"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "reinforcements of guard or town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-"
},
"expansion": "bii-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from French bivouac (earlier biouac, bivac), from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“reinforcements of guard or town watch”), from bii- + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bivouacked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bivouacs",
"2": "bivouacing",
"3": "bivouacked",
"pres_3sg2": "bivouacks",
"pres_ptc2": "bivouacking"
},
"expansion": "bivouac (third-person singular simple present bivouacs or bivouacks, present participle bivouacing or bivouacking, simple past and past participle bivouacked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We'll bivouac here tonight.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia",
"text": "They reached the fir wood which had caused them so much trouble while it was still daylight, and bivouacked in a hollow just above it. It was tedious gathering the fire wood; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To set up camp."
],
"links": [
[
"camp",
"camp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To encamp for the night without tents or covering."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.u.æk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪv.wæk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bivouac.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg/En-us-bivouac.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-us-bivouac.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bivouack"
},
{
"word": "biouac"
},
{
"word": "bivoac"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bihovac"
},
{
"word": "bivy"
},
{
"english": "shortening",
"word": "bivvy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivaquejar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivakkeren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "biwakieren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivaccare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "accamparsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "attendarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "campeggiare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biwakować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabiwakować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to set up camp",
"word": "bivacar"
}
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bivouaquer"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бивак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: бивак (bivak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: бивак (bivak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bivuak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: bivuak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: bivuak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bivouac",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bivouac, bivouack; biouac, bivoac, bihovac; bivy, bivvy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bivouac, bivouack; biouac, bivoac, bihovac; bivy, bivvy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Biwak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Biwak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Biwak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: bivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: bivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bivacco",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: bivacco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: bivacco"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ビバーク",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "bibāku"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ビバーク (bibāku)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ビバーク (bibāku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бивак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: бивак (bivak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: бивак (bivak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "biwak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: biwak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: biwak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бивак",
"3": "бивуак",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: бивак (bivak), бивуак (bivuak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: бивак (bivak), бивуак (bivuak)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bivak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: bivak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: bivak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "vivac",
"3": "vivaque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: vivac, vivaque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: vivac, vivaque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bivack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: bivack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: bivack"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivoie"
},
"expansion": "bivoie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biouac"
},
"expansion": "biouac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bivac"
},
"expansion": "bivac",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gsw",
"3": "Biiwacht",
"4": "",
"5": "a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Biiwacht (“a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bii-",
"3": "",
"4": "by-"
},
"expansion": "bii- (“by-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Wacht",
"3": "",
"4": "watch, guard"
},
"expansion": "Wacht (“watch, guard”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier bivoie, biouac, bivac, from Alemannic German Biiwacht (“a patrol of citizens added - in time of alarm or commotion - to the regular town watch”), from bii- (“by-”) + Wacht (“watch, guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bivouacs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bivouac m (plural bivouacs)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Alemannic German",
"French terms derived from Alemannic German",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"bivouac (encampment for the night)"
],
"links": [
[
"bivouac",
"bivouac#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bi.vwak/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bivac"
},
{
"word": "bivoie"
},
{
"word": "biouac"
}
],
"word": "bivouac"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.