"beuną" meaning in All languages combined

See beuną on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, e-grade of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Cognate with Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰuH-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*bʰéwH-ti}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, {{cog|la|fuī||have been|pos=verb}} Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), {{cog|la|futūrus||becoming, imminent, future}} Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), {{cog|sa|भवति|tr=bhávati}} Sanskrit भवति (bhávati) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-irreg|beuną}} Forms: irregular [table-tags], biumi [active, first-person, indicative, singular], biwjǭ? [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], - [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], biusi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], biwjēs? [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], beu [active, imperative, second-person, singular], - [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], - [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], biuþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], biwjē? [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], beuþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], - [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], - [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], beū? [active, dual, first-person, indicative], biwīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], biuþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], biwīþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], biudiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], beum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], biwīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], - [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], - [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], beud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], biwīþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], beuþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], - [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], - [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], biunþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], biwīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], beunþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], - [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], - [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], was [active, first-person, indicative, singular], wēzį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], wast [active, indicative, second-person, singular], wēzīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], was [active, indicative, singular, third-person], wēzī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wēzū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], wēzīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], wēzudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], wēzīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], wēzum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], wēzīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], wēzud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], wēzīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wēzun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], wēzīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wesandz [active, participle, present], - [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to be Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *wesaną
    Sense id: en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-CvEgfuq9 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50
  2. to become Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-rV000xq8 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 44 56 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 34 66

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēom",
            "3": "bīom"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "bem",
            "3": "ben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "bīum"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "bim"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: bim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "bim",
            "3": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ben"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-jdt",
            "2": "bän"
          },
          "expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bön"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bön"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bim"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "bi",
            "3": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "swg",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Swabian: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "pin"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pdc",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "בין"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "biþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēoþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēoþ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "beth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: beth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: beth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "English: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēoþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēoþ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "beth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: beth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: beth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bʰéwH-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fuī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have been",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fuī (“have been”, verb)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "futūrus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "becoming, imminent, future"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भवति",
        "tr": "bhávati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भवति (bhávati)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, e-grade of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Cognate with Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-irreg",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biumi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjǭ?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biusi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjēs?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biuþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjē?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beū?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biuþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biunþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beunþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wast",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wesandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beuną"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-irreg"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be"
      ],
      "id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-CvEgfuq9",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*wesaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become"
      ],
      "id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-rV000xq8",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "beuną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic irregular verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic suppletive verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, bee, be, b'"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēom",
            "3": "bīom"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "bem",
            "3": "ben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "bīum"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "bim"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: bim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "bim",
            "3": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ben"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-jdt",
            "2": "bän"
          },
          "expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "bön"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: bön"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "bim"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gsw",
            "2": "bi",
            "3": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "swg",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Swabian: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bar",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bavarian: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cim",
            "2": "pin"
          },
          "expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pdc",
            "2": "bin"
          },
          "expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "בין"
          },
          "expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "biþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēoþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēoþ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "beth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: beth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: beth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "English: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "be"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: be",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: be"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bēoþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bēoþ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "beth"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: beth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: beth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*bʰéwH-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fuī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have been",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fuī (“have been”, verb)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "futūrus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "becoming, imminent, future"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भवति",
        "tr": "bhávati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भवति (bhávati)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwH-ti, e-grade of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Cognate with Latin fuī (“have been”, verb), Latin futūrus (“becoming, imminent, future”), Sanskrit भवति (bhávati).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-irreg",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biumi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjǭ?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biusi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjēs?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biuþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwjē?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beū?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biuþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beuþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biunþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "biwīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "beunþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wast",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wēzīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wesandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "beuną"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-irreg"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*wesaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "beuną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for beuną meaning in All languages combined (13.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.