See beuną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, b', bee, be",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, b', bee, be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom",
"3": "bīom"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bem",
"3": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bīum"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bim",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "bän"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "bön"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: bön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bi",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Swabian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בין"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "biþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuHyéti",
"4": "*bʰuH-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé-ti",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The present tense is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé-ti, zero-grade yé-present of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), although this is uncertain.\nFor the past tense see *wesaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-irreg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "biumi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjǭ?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjēs?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjē?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beū?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biunþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beunþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wesandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "beuną"
},
"name": "gem-conj-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wesaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become"
],
"id": "en-beuną-gem-pro-verb-rV000xq8",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "beuną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic irregular verbs",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suppletive verbs",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuną (infinitive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, b', bee, be",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēon, bīon\nMiddle English: been, be, bean, ben, beon, boen, seen, sen\nEnglish: be; been (dialectal)\nScots: be\nYola: ba, b', bee, be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biumi (1st person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēom",
"3": "bīom"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēom, bīom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēom, bīom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "bem",
"3": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: bem, ben\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: bian\nGoesharde: biin\nHalligen: bian\nHeligoland: Bean\nMooring: biinj\nSylt: Biin\nWiedingharde: biin\nSaterland Frisian: Been\nWest Frisian: bien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bīum"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon\nMiddle Low German: bün, bin\nDutch Low Saxon: bun\nGerman Low German: bün, bin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: bim",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: bim"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "bim",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: bim, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ben"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "bän"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: bän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: bän"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "bön"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: bön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: bön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "bim"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: bim\nMiddle High German: bin\nGerman: bin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "bi",
"3": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: bi, bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: bi, bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swg",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Swabian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swabian: bin, ben, bee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pin"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: pin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: pin, pinn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "bin"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: bin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: bin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בין"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: בין (bin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: בין (bin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*biusi (2nd person singular present) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biuþi (3rd person singular present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "biþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: biþ, bioþ, byþ, byt\nMiddle English: bith, biþ, beth, bis, bes\nEnglish: bes, beeth (now obsolete or dialectal)\nFingallian: bes\nYola: beeth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*biunþi (3rd person plural present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beu (2nd person singular imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "English: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: be"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "be"
},
"expansion": "Scots: be",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: be"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*beuþ (2nd person plural imperative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bēoþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bēoþ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beth"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: beth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: beth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuHyéti",
"4": "*bʰuH-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé-ti",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The present tense is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé-ti, zero-grade yé-present of *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), although this is uncertain.\nFor the past tense see *wesaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-irreg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "biumi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjǭ?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biusi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjēs?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwjē?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beū?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biuþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beuþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biunþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beunþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wast",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wēzīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wesandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "beuną"
},
"name": "gem-conj-irreg"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beuną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*wesaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become"
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeu̯.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "beuną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beuną meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.