See berm on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for berm meaning in All languages combined (18.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cape Cod berm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "berm",
"t": "strip of roadside grass, verge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "French berme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "baerm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "barem",
"t": "verge, bank"
},
"expansion": "barem (“verge, bank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz",
"t": "edge, border, seam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brim"
},
"expansion": "English brim",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”), probably via French berme, from Middle Dutch barm, baerm, barem (“verge, bank”), from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”). Related to English brim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "berm (plural berms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow ledge or shelf, as along the top or bottom of a slope."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-kUoSrMky",
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"ledge",
"ledge"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"slope",
"slope"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 2 12 12 2 12 10 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 2 12 12 2 12 10 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"word": "törmä"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 2 12 12 2 12 10 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bérma",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́рма"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 2 12 12 2 12 10 0 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 13 26 10 3 32 2 9 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 12 18 9 2 18 1 9 1 1 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 12 18 20 3 6 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1910 February 23, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, Protection of Watersheds of Navigable Streams, page 139",
"text": "The big canals in Europe, in Holland, have a great big berm on the side of the canal several feet wide, which they leave there on purpose to plant reeds in, so as to get a reedy vegetation to protect their slope. Then, beyond that, there is an earthen slope that is grassed and sodded.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A raised bank or path, especially the bank of a canal opposite the towpath."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-en:canal_path",
"links": [
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
],
[
"towpath",
"towpath"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:canal path"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heelpath"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 47 5 14 6 13 2 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"word": "valli"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 47 5 14 6 13 2 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bankett"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 47 5 14 6 13 2 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"word": "banchina"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 47 5 14 6 13 2 1 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 26 10 3 32 2 9 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 12 18 9 2 18 1 9 1 1 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 12 18 20 3 6 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the flat terraces on the slope of an open-pit mine."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-en:mining_terrace",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"terrace",
"terrace"
],
[
"open-pit mine",
"open-pit mine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining, Australia) One of the flat terraces on the slope of an open-pit mine."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mining terrace"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bench"
},
{
"word": "bench floor"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 13 26 10 3 32 2 9 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 12 18 20 3 6 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 16 7 25 4 12 4 6 13 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "en:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "On some beaches, the berm grows higher in summer and flattens out in the rougher winter seas.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A terrace or shelf of sand along a beach, formed above the high tide water level by wave action."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-en:beach",
"links": [
[
"terrace",
"terrace"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"beach",
"beach"
],
[
"high tide",
"high tide"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:beach"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 5 12 47 3 12 8 4 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 12 47 3 12 8 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"word": "rantavalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 5 12 47 3 12 8 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"word": "töyräs"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 12 18 20 3 6 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A berm separates the Moroccan-controlled and Polisario-controlled parts of Western Sahara.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long mound or bank of earth, used especially as a barrier or to provide insulation."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-ggc36Vyc",
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"insulation",
"insulation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 7 3 4 78 3 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mound or bank of earth used as a barrier or to provide insulation",
"word": "valli"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 3 4 78 3 1 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mound or bank of earth used as a barrier or to provide insulation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 26 10 3 32 2 9 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 12 18 9 2 18 1 9 1 1 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 12 18 20 3 6 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small wall along the edge of a bench of an open-pit mine, intended to prevent items falling over the crest."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-en:mining_wall",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"bench",
"bench"
],
[
"open-pit mine",
"open-pit mine"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining, US, Canada) A small wall along the edge of a bench of an open-pit mine, intended to prevent items falling over the crest."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mining wall"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "windrow"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A ledge between the parapet and the moat in a fortification."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-Cqgyaego",
"links": [
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"moat",
"moat"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 1 2 7 1 4 59 12 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ledge between the parapet and the moat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odsadzka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indiana English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ohio English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pennsylvania English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Emma Espiner, There’s a Cure for This: A Memoir, Penguin, page 15",
"text": "The sun soaked our street in hot yellow, and the berms were gasping for water.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strip of land between a street and sidewalk."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-r7sEusqr",
"qualifier": "Indiana; Ohio; Indiana; Ohio",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Zealand) A strip of land between a street and sidewalk."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verge"
}
],
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 1 0 1 7 89 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 1 0 1 7 89 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"word": "berm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 1 0 1 7 89 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"word": "piennar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 1 0 1 7 89 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 1 0 1 7 89 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Pennsylvania English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The edge of a road."
],
"id": "en-berm-en-noun-t1TYjnQh",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Pennsylvania) The edge of a road."
],
"tags": [
"Pennsylvania",
"Western"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"berm"
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "berm",
"t": "strip of roadside grass, verge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "French berme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "baerm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "barem",
"t": "verge, bank"
},
"expansion": "barem (“verge, bank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz",
"t": "edge, border, seam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brim"
},
"expansion": "English brim",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”), probably via French berme, from Middle Dutch barm, baerm, barem (“verge, bank”), from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”). Related to English brim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bermed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bermed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "berm (third-person singular simple present berms, present participle berming, simple past and past participle bermed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To provide something with a berm"
],
"id": "en-berm-en-verb-kHQs7Abp"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"berm"
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch baerm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch baerm, from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bermen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bermpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "bermpje"
},
"expansion": "berm m (plural bermen, diminutive bermpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"berm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "nl:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 12 18 9 2 18 1 9 1 1 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bermlamp"
},
{
"word": "bermlicht"
},
{
"word": "bermooievaarsbek"
},
{
"word": "bermprostitutie"
},
{
"word": "bermtoerisme"
},
{
"word": "bermtoerist"
},
{
"word": "bermzuring"
},
{
"word": "binnenberm"
},
{
"word": "buitenberm"
},
{
"word": "grasberm"
},
{
"word": "zandberm"
},
{
"word": "zeeberm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"berm, verge, tree lawn, roadside (strip of land next to a road, street or sidewalk)"
],
"id": "en-berm-nl-noun-MuX3MrD6",
"links": [
[
"berm",
"berm#English"
],
[
"verge",
"verge"
],
[
"tree lawn",
"tree lawn"
],
[
"roadside",
"roadside"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:berm"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛrm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-berm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Nl-berm.ogg/Nl-berm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Nl-berm.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorma"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English beorma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "berm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "berme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of berme"
],
"id": "en-berm-enm-noun-WoxzSNaG",
"links": [
[
"berme",
"berme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bearm"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bearm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "berm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "barm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of barm"
],
"id": "en-berm-enm-noun-uVqrmjU4",
"links": [
[
"barm",
"barm#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bermlamp"
},
{
"word": "bermlicht"
},
{
"word": "bermooievaarsbek"
},
{
"word": "bermprostitutie"
},
{
"word": "bermtoerisme"
},
{
"word": "bermtoerist"
},
{
"word": "bermzuring"
},
{
"word": "binnenberm"
},
{
"word": "buitenberm"
},
{
"word": "grasberm"
},
{
"word": "zandberm"
},
{
"word": "zeeberm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch baerm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch baerm, from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bermen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bermpje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "bermpje"
},
"expansion": "berm m (plural bermen, diminutive bermpje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"berm"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrm",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrm/1 syllable",
"nl:Roads"
],
"glosses": [
"berm, verge, tree lawn, roadside (strip of land next to a road, street or sidewalk)"
],
"links": [
[
"berm",
"berm#English"
],
[
"verge",
"verge"
],
[
"tree lawn",
"tree lawn"
],
[
"roadside",
"roadside"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:berm"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɛrm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrm"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-berm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Nl-berm.ogg/Nl-berm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Nl-berm.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Old Dutch",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms",
"en:Roads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Cape Cod berm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "berm",
"t": "strip of roadside grass, verge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "French berme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "baerm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "barem",
"t": "verge, bank"
},
"expansion": "barem (“verge, bank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz",
"t": "edge, border, seam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brim"
},
"expansion": "English brim",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”), probably via French berme, from Middle Dutch barm, baerm, barem (“verge, bank”), from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”). Related to English brim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "berm (plural berms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow ledge or shelf, as along the top or bottom of a slope."
],
"links": [
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"ledge",
"ledge"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"slope",
"slope"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1910 February 23, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, Protection of Watersheds of Navigable Streams, page 139",
"text": "The big canals in Europe, in Holland, have a great big berm on the side of the canal several feet wide, which they leave there on purpose to plant reeds in, so as to get a reedy vegetation to protect their slope. Then, beyond that, there is an earthen slope that is grassed and sodded.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A raised bank or path, especially the bank of a canal opposite the towpath."
],
"links": [
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
],
[
"towpath",
"towpath"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:canal path"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heelpath"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the flat terraces on the slope of an open-pit mine."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"terrace",
"terrace"
],
[
"open-pit mine",
"open-pit mine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining, Australia) One of the flat terraces on the slope of an open-pit mine."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mining terrace"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bench"
},
{
"word": "bench floor"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "On some beaches, the berm grows higher in summer and flattens out in the rougher winter seas.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A terrace or shelf of sand along a beach, formed above the high tide water level by wave action."
],
"links": [
[
"terrace",
"terrace"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"beach",
"beach"
],
[
"high tide",
"high tide"
],
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:beach"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A berm separates the Moroccan-controlled and Polisario-controlled parts of Western Sahara.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long mound or bank of earth, used especially as a barrier or to provide insulation."
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"insulation",
"insulation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"A small wall along the edge of a bench of an open-pit mine, intended to prevent items falling over the crest."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"bench",
"bench"
],
[
"open-pit mine",
"open-pit mine"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining, US, Canada) A small wall along the edge of a bench of an open-pit mine, intended to prevent items falling over the crest."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mining wall"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "windrow"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A ledge between the parapet and the moat in a fortification."
],
"links": [
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"moat",
"moat"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Indiana English",
"New Zealand English",
"Ohio English",
"Pennsylvania English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Emma Espiner, There’s a Cure for This: A Memoir, Penguin, page 15",
"text": "The sun soaked our street in hot yellow, and the berms were gasping for water.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strip of land between a street and sidewalk."
],
"qualifier": "Indiana; Ohio; Indiana; Ohio",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Zealand) A strip of land between a street and sidewalk."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verge"
}
],
"tags": [
"New-Zealand",
"Pennsylvania"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Pennsylvania English"
],
"glosses": [
"The edge of a road."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Pennsylvania) The edge of a road."
],
"tags": [
"Pennsylvania",
"Western"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"word": "törmä"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bérma",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́рма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "narrow ledge along the top or bottom of a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"word": "valli"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bankett"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"word": "banchina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "raised bank or path along canal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"word": "rantavalli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "terrace formed by wave action",
"word": "töyräs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mound or bank of earth used as a barrier or to provide insulation",
"word": "valli"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mound or bank of earth used as a barrier or to provide insulation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ledge between the parapet and the moat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odsadzka"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"word": "berm"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"word": "piennar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strip of land between a street and sidewalk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "berma"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"berm"
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Old Dutch",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms",
"en:Roads"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "berm",
"t": "strip of roadside grass, verge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "French berme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "baerm"
},
"expansion": "baerm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "barem",
"t": "verge, bank"
},
"expansion": "barem (“verge, bank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *barm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz",
"t": "edge, border, seam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brim"
},
"expansion": "English brim",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”), probably via French berme, from Middle Dutch barm, baerm, barem (“verge, bank”), from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”). Related to English brim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "berming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bermed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bermed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "berm (third-person singular simple present berms, present participle berming, simple past and past participle bermed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To provide something with a berm"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜː(ɹ)m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-berm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-berm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"berm"
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorma"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English beorma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "berm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "berme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of berme"
],
"links": [
[
"berme",
"berme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bearm"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearm",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bearm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "berm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "barm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of barm"
],
"links": [
[
"barm",
"barm#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "berm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.