See backwardness on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"1": "en",
"2": "backward",
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},
"expansion": "backward + -ness",
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],
"etymology_text": "From backward + -ness.",
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{
"form": "backwardnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
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{
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{
"_dis": "95 5",
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{
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{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being backward."
],
"id": "en-backwardness-en-noun-haiHI8t4",
"links": [
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḵalluf",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَخَلُّف"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḵalluf",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "تخلف"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazadničavost",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "назадничавост"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izostanalost",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "изостаналост"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "takaperoisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "takapajuisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "vanhanaikaisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "jälkeenjääneisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arriération"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "retard"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xocrogdson bajdal",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "хоцрогдсон байдал"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "średniowiecze"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "înapoiere"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otstálostʹ",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отста́лость"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "underutveckling"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Reluctance."
],
"id": "en-backwardness-en-noun-kfk4yzQe",
"links": [
[
"Reluctance",
"reluctance"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reluctance",
"word": "vastahakoisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reluctance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
}
]
}
],
"word": "backwardness"
}
{
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "backward",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "backward + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From backward + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "backwardnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "backwardness (countable and uncountable, plural backwardnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being backward."
],
"links": [
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Reluctance."
],
"links": [
[
"Reluctance",
"reluctance"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḵalluf",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَخَلُّف"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḵalluf",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "تخلف"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazadničavost",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "назадничавост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izostanalost",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "изостаналост"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "takaperoisuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "takapajuisuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "vanhanaikaisuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "jälkeenjääneisyys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arriération"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "retard"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xocrogdson bajdal",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "хоцрогдсон байдал"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "średniowiecze"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "înapoiere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otstálostʹ",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отста́лость"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "state of being backward",
"word": "underutveckling"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "reluctance",
"word": "vastahakoisuus"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "reluctance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
}
],
"word": "backwardness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for backwardness meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.