See avania on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "avania"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian avania",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "αβανιά"
},
"expansion": "Greek αβανιά (avaniá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "ἀβανία",
"pos": "cfr. modern Greek <i class=\"Grek mention\" lang=\"el\">αβανιά</i> (avaniá) “defamation, slander”"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía, cfr. modern Greek αβανιά (avaniá) “defamation, slander”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خَوَّان",
"4": "",
"5": "unreliable, treacherous"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian avania, from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía, cfr. modern Greek αβανιά (avaniá) “defamation, slander”), possibly from Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avanias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "avania (plural avanias)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "62 28 10 1",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1794, Alex Russell, The Natural History of Aleppo, 2nd edition, page 330",
"text": "The merchants are considered as more immediately under the protection of the Mohassil, and therefore not so subject to the Avanias made by the Bashaw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1846, Julia Pardoe, Miss Pardoe's Complete Works, page 55",
"text": "“Khoja,” said the pasha, slowly, removing the chibouque from his mouth, and looking towards the secretary; “write that Yacob the Jew shall, before sunset, pay an avania to the pasha of one hundred piastres, for selling dhourra within the walls of the city, without authority—now Hebrew, once more we listen.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1935, Alfred C. Wood, A History of the Levant Company, page 63",
"text": "Ten years later, as they told their ambassador at Constantinople, Sir Thomas Bendysh, they were still loth to meddle in those ‘barbarous places’ because of the ever-present hazard of avanias.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Merlijn Olnon, ‘Towards Classifying Avanias’, Friend and Rivals in the East, page 162",
"text": "The Europeans often felt that these practices went against the capitulations, and considered them extortions – which they called avanias.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate."
],
"id": "en-avania-en-noun-hWjB7ax3",
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"fee",
"fee"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"extortionate",
"extortionate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕawāniyya",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَوَانِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕawāna",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَوَانَة"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avanie"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aveinie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "avanía",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αβανία"
},
{
"code": "gkm",
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"raw_tags": [
"Byzantine Greek"
],
"roman": "abanía",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀβανία"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avania"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vania"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avania"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌavəˈniːə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ăv'ə-nē'ə",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːə"
}
],
"word": "avania"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "ἀβανία"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خَوَّان",
"4": "",
"5": "unreliable, treacherous"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía), possibly from Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avanie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "avania f (plural avanie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧va‧nì‧a"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 42 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"avania (fee imposed by Ottomans)"
],
"id": "en-avania-it-noun-~GOnGP2w",
"links": [
[
"avania",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) avania (fee imposed by Ottomans)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"any unfair tax"
],
"id": "en-avania-it-noun-9oBUA4c8",
"links": [
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, by extension) any unfair tax"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balzello"
},
{
"word": "gabella"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"harassment, abuse, prevarication"
],
"id": "en-avania-it-noun-CE4R3ccQ",
"links": [
[
"harassment",
"harassment"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
],
[
"prevarication",
"prevarication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, figuratively) harassment, abuse, prevarication"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "angheria"
},
{
"word": "prepotenza"
},
{
"word": "prevaricazione"
},
{
"word": "sopraffazione"
},
{
"word": "soverchieria"
},
{
"word": "sopruso"
},
{
"word": "vessazione"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.vaˈni.a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ia"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vania"
}
],
"word": "avania"
}
{
"categories": [
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "avania"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian avania",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "αβανιά"
},
"expansion": "Greek αβανιά (avaniá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "ἀβανία",
"pos": "cfr. modern Greek <i class=\"Grek mention\" lang=\"el\">αβανιά</i> (avaniá) “defamation, slander”"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía, cfr. modern Greek αβανιά (avaniá) “defamation, slander”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خَوَّان",
"4": "",
"5": "unreliable, treacherous"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian avania, from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía, cfr. modern Greek αβανιά (avaniá) “defamation, slander”), possibly from Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avanias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "avania (plural avanias)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English historical terms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/iːə",
"Rhymes:English/iːə/4 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1794, Alex Russell, The Natural History of Aleppo, 2nd edition, page 330",
"text": "The merchants are considered as more immediately under the protection of the Mohassil, and therefore not so subject to the Avanias made by the Bashaw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1846, Julia Pardoe, Miss Pardoe's Complete Works, page 55",
"text": "“Khoja,” said the pasha, slowly, removing the chibouque from his mouth, and looking towards the secretary; “write that Yacob the Jew shall, before sunset, pay an avania to the pasha of one hundred piastres, for selling dhourra within the walls of the city, without authority—now Hebrew, once more we listen.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1935, Alfred C. Wood, A History of the Levant Company, page 63",
"text": "Ten years later, as they told their ambassador at Constantinople, Sir Thomas Bendysh, they were still loth to meddle in those ‘barbarous places’ because of the ever-present hazard of avanias.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Merlijn Olnon, ‘Towards Classifying Avanias’, Friend and Rivals in the East, page 162",
"text": "The Europeans often felt that these practices went against the capitulations, and considered them extortions – which they called avanias.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate."
],
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"fee",
"fee"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire"
],
[
"extortionate",
"extortionate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌavəˈniːə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ăv'ə-nē'ə",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːə"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕawāniyya",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَوَانِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕawāna",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَوَانَة"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avanie"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aveinie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "avanía",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αβανία"
},
{
"code": "gkm",
"lang": "Greek",
"raw_tags": [
"Byzantine Greek"
],
"roman": "abanía",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀβανία"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avania"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vania"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fee imposed by Ottomans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avania"
}
],
"word": "avania"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from Byzantine Greek",
"Italian terms derived from Arabic",
"Italian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ia",
"Rhymes:Italian/ia/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "ἀβανία"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خَوَّان",
"4": "",
"5": "unreliable, treacherous"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía), possibly from Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "avanie",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "avania f (plural avanie)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧va‧nì‧a"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"avania (fee imposed by Ottomans)"
],
"links": [
[
"avania",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) avania (fee imposed by Ottomans)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"any unfair tax"
],
"links": [
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, by extension) any unfair tax"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balzello"
},
{
"word": "gabella"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"harassment, abuse, prevarication"
],
"links": [
[
"harassment",
"harassment"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
],
[
"prevarication",
"prevarication"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, figuratively) harassment, abuse, prevarication"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "angheria"
},
{
"word": "prepotenza"
},
{
"word": "prevaricazione"
},
{
"word": "sopraffazione"
},
{
"word": "soverchieria"
},
{
"word": "sopruso"
},
{
"word": "vessazione"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a.vaˈni.a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ia"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vania"
}
],
"word": "avania"
}
Download raw JSONL data for avania meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.