See ardd on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "arð"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh arð",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*arð"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *arð",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ardwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ard"
},
"expansion": "Irish ard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arduus",
"3": "",
"4": "high; difficult"
},
"expansion": "Latin arduus (“high; difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρθός",
"3": "",
"4": "upright, straight"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “upright, straight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh arð, from Proto-Brythonic *arð, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Irish ard), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ-. Cognate with Latin arduus (“high; difficult”) and Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “upright, straight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "hardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ardd",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cyfartal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill, upland"
],
"id": "en-ardd-cy-noun-JgaIef-j",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) hill, upland"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːrð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "ardd"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "ardd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gardd"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "garden",
"word": "gardd"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of gardd (“garden”)."
],
"id": "en-ardd-cy-noun-1gRuMQ6f",
"links": [
[
"gardd",
"gardd#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːrð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "ardd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cyfartal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "arð"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh arð",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*arð"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *arð",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ardwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ard"
},
"expansion": "Irish ard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arduus",
"3": "",
"4": "high; difficult"
},
"expansion": "Latin arduus (“high; difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀρθός",
"3": "",
"4": "upright, straight"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “upright, straight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh arð, from Proto-Brythonic *arð, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Irish ard), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ-. Cognate with Latin arduus (“high; difficult”) and Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “upright, straight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "hardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ardd",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"hill, upland"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) hill, upland"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːrð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "ardd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngardd",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "ardd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gardd"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "garden",
"word": "gardd"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of gardd (“garden”)."
],
"links": [
[
"gardd",
"gardd#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aːrð/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/arð/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "ardd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ardd meaning in All languages combined (3.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: hardd, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: gardd, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: ngardd, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"ardd"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ardd",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.