See abut on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abutment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abuttal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abutter"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abutten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abutten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "abuttare"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin abuttare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "abuter"
},
"expansion": "Old French abuter",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "but",
"4": "",
"5": "end, aim, purpose"
},
"expansion": "Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "butr",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "butt",
"t1": "to",
"t2": "boundary mark"
},
"expansion": "a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abutten, from Medieval Latin abuttare and Old French abuter, aboter, abouter (“to touch at one end, to come to an end, aim, reach”), from Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”); akin to Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”). Equivalent to a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abuts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abutting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a time when Germany still abutted upon Russia.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His land abuts on the road.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)"
],
"id": "en-abut-en-verb-fbgYCCbS",
"links": [
[
"touch",
"touch"
],
[
"border",
"border"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
],
[
"contiguous",
"contiguous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sousedit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hraničit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přiléhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "testar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "estremar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "angrenzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "érintkezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "összeér"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "lindar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "colindar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "graniča",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "гранича"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opiram se o",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "опирам се о"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "grenzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "rajoittua"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "aboutir"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "abouter"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "testar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "estremar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "angrenzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "berühren"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "edrázomai",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "εδράζομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "érint"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "határos"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "szomszédos"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "graníči",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грани́чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "kāpīpiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "aki"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "karipapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "învecina"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "graníčitʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грани́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "primykátʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "примыка́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prilegátʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прилега́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upirátʹsja",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "упира́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "bordear"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "gränsa till"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 40 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 41 40 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 44 44 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to."
],
"id": "en-abut-en-verb-X6RxKHgi",
"links": [
[
"abut on",
"abut on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "abutt"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abutten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abutten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "aboter",
"4": "",
"5": "to touch at one end, border on"
},
"expansion": "Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "butt",
"t1": "towards, change to",
"t2": "push"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abutten, from Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”), abouter (“to join end to end”), abuter (“to buttress, to put an end to”), from a- (“towards”) + bout (“end”), boter, bouter (“to strike”), buter (“to strike, finish”). Equivalent to a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abuts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abutting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 47 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 41 40 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 44 44 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall."
],
"id": "en-abut-en-verb-HX72Hht-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "abutt"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayu",
"2": "noun",
"head": "abút"
},
"expansion": "abút",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ayu",
"lang_code": "ayu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ayu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"id": "en-abut-ayu-noun-VmgQELdT",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "ban-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Balinese",
"lang_code": "ban",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Balinese terms with redundant script codes",
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"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄"
],
"id": "en-abut-ban-romanization-aHoYUazv",
"links": [
[
"ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄",
"ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄#Balinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "abút-abút",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "abút",
"freq": "abút-abút"
},
"expansion": "abút (frequentative abút-abút)",
"name": "hil-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to arrive at a place"
],
"id": "en-abut-hil-verb-Y9f-XZgM",
"links": [
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút-ábut",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"freq": "abút-ábut"
},
"expansion": "abut (frequentative abút-ábut)",
"name": "hil-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation templates",
"Templates"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to catch up with or overtake"
],
"id": "en-abut-hil-verb-qjPQK1rP",
"links": [
[
"catch up",
"catch up"
],
[
"overtake",
"overtake"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "phi-pro",
"3": "*qábut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine *qábut",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Philippine *qábut.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ábut",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ábut"
},
"expansion": "ábut",
"name": "pam-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧but"
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can’t grasp the meaning yet.",
"text": "E ku pa ayabutan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"id": "en-abut-pam-verb-A2HIx~em",
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabut/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäː.but]"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "poz-swa-pro",
"3": "*rabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-North Sarawak *rabut",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*rabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rabut",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-North Sarawak *rabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rabut.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kiput",
"lang_code": "kyi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kiput entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pluck"
],
"id": "en-abut-kyi-verb-QvTreQ4f",
"links": [
[
"pluck",
"pluck"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmk",
"2": "noun",
"head": "abút"
},
"expansion": "abút",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limos Kalinga",
"lang_code": "kmk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limos Kalinga entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limos Kalinga terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"id": "en-abut-kmk-noun-Oe5FUZcH",
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "conjunctions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "sco-con"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abit"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of abit"
],
"id": "en-abut-sco-conj-3Qrm0CcQ",
"links": [
[
"abit",
"abit#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabut",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "gabut"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon gabut",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabut, compare Hiligaynon gabut.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tetum entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"root"
],
"id": "en-abut-tet-noun-SBNJTRN-",
"links": [
[
"root",
"root"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "aboute",
"4": "abute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "abūtan"
},
"expansion": "Old English abūtan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abute, abouten, from Old English abūtan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"about"
],
"id": "en-abut-yol-prep-pCYuHJvL",
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abuth"
},
{
"word": "abouten"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbuːtən/"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayu",
"2": "noun",
"head": "abút"
},
"expansion": "abút",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ayu",
"lang_code": "ayu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ayu entries with incorrect language header",
"Ayu lemmas",
"Ayu nouns",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "ban-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Balinese",
"lang_code": "ban",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄"
}
],
"categories": [
"Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Balinese non-lemma forms",
"Balinese romanizations",
"Balinese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄"
],
"links": [
[
"ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄",
"ᬳᬩᬸᬢ᭄#Balinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌt",
"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abutment"
},
{
"word": "abuttal"
},
{
"word": "abutter"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abutten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abutten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "abuttare"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin abuttare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "abuter"
},
"expansion": "Old French abuter",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "but",
"4": "",
"5": "end, aim, purpose"
},
"expansion": "Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "butr",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "butt",
"t1": "to",
"t2": "boundary mark"
},
"expansion": "a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abutten, from Medieval Latin abuttare and Old French abuter, aboter, abouter (“to touch at one end, to come to an end, aim, reach”), from Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”); akin to Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”). Equivalent to a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abuts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abutting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It was a time when Germany still abutted upon Russia.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "His land abuts on the road.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)"
],
"links": [
[
"touch",
"touch"
],
[
"border",
"border"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
],
[
"contiguous",
"contiguous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to."
],
"links": [
[
"abut on",
"abut on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abutt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sousedit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hraničit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "přiléhat"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "testar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "estremar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "angrenzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "érintkezik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "összeér"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "lindar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "colindar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to touch by means of a mutual border",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "graniča",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "гранича"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opiram se o",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "опирам се о"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "grenzen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "rajoittua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "aboutir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "abouter"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "testar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "estremar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "angrenzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "berühren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "edrázomai",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "εδράζομαι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "érint"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "határos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "szomszédos"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "graníči",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грани́чи"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "kāpīpiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "aki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "karipapa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "învecina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "graníčitʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грани́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "primykátʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "примыка́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prilegátʹ",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прилега́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upirátʹsja",
"sense": "to border on",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "упира́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "bordear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to border on",
"word": "gränsa till"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌt",
"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abutten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abutten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "aboter",
"4": "",
"5": "to touch at one end, border on"
},
"expansion": "Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "butt",
"t1": "towards, change to",
"t2": "push"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abutten, from Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”), abouter (“to join end to end”), abuter (“to buttress, to put an end to”), from a- (“towards”) + bout (“end”), boter, bouter (“to strike”), buter (“to strike, finish”). Equivalent to a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abuts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abutting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abutted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʌt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abutt"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiligaynon lemmas",
"Hiligaynon terms without pronunciation template",
"Hiligaynon verbs",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "abút-abút",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "abút",
"freq": "abút-abút"
},
"expansion": "abút (frequentative abút-abút)",
"name": "hil-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to arrive at a place"
],
"links": [
[
"arrive",
"arrive"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiligaynon lemmas",
"Hiligaynon terms without pronunciation template",
"Hiligaynon verbs",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút-ábut",
"tags": [
"frequentative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"freq": "abút-ábut"
},
"expansion": "abut (frequentative abút-ábut)",
"name": "hil-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to catch up with or overtake"
],
"links": [
[
"catch up",
"catch up"
],
[
"overtake",
"overtake"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "phi-pro",
"3": "*qábut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine *qábut",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Philippine *qábut.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ábut",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ábut"
},
"expansion": "ábut",
"name": "pam-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧but"
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"Kapampangan lemmas",
"Kapampangan terms derived from Proto-Philippine",
"Kapampangan terms inherited from Proto-Philippine",
"Kapampangan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kapampangan terms with usage examples",
"Kapampangan verbs",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can’t grasp the meaning yet.",
"text": "E ku pa ayabutan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈabut/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäː.but]"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "poz-swa-pro",
"3": "*rabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-North Sarawak *rabut",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*rabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rabut",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-North Sarawak *rabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rabut.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kiput",
"lang_code": "kyi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kiput entries with incorrect language header",
"Kiput lemmas",
"Kiput terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Kiput terms derived from Proto-North Sarawak",
"Kiput terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Kiput terms inherited from Proto-North Sarawak",
"Kiput verbs",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to pluck"
],
"links": [
[
"pluck",
"pluck"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abút",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmk",
"2": "noun",
"head": "abút"
},
"expansion": "abút",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limos Kalinga",
"lang_code": "kmk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Limos Kalinga entries with incorrect language header",
"Limos Kalinga lemmas",
"Limos Kalinga nouns",
"Limos Kalinga terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "conjunctions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "sco-con"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abit"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots conjunctions",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of abit"
],
"links": [
[
"abit",
"abit#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀabut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabut",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "gabut"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon gabut",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabut, compare Hiligaynon gabut.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tetum",
"lang_code": "tet",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tetum entries with incorrect language header",
"Tetum lemmas",
"Tetum nouns",
"Tetum terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Tetum terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"
],
"glosses": [
"root"
],
"links": [
[
"root",
"root"
]
]
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "aboute",
"4": "abute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abute",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "abūtan"
},
"expansion": "Old English abūtan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abute, abouten, from Old English abūtan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "abut",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola prepositions",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old English",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms inherited from Old English"
],
"glosses": [
"about"
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbʊt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbuːtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abuth"
},
{
"word": "abouten"
}
],
"word": "abut"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abut meaning in All languages combined (17.2kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abut/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 10 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abutment\"}, {\"word\": \"abuttal\"}, {\"word\": \"abutter\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abutten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abutten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"abuttare\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin abuttare\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abuter\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abuter\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"but\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"end, aim, purpose\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"non\", \"2\": \"butr\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"piece of wood\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"butt\", \"t1\": \"to\", \"t2\": \"boundary mark\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”)\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abutten, from Medieval Latin abuttare and Old French abuter, aboter, abouter (“to touch at one end, to come to an end, aim, reach”), from Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”); akin to Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”). Equivalent to a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abuts\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutting\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"++\"}, \"expansion\": \"abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It was a time when Germany still abutted upon Russia.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His land abuts on the road.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)\"], \"links\": [[\"touch\", \"touch\"], [\"border\", \"border\"], [\"edge\", \"edge\"], [\"end\", \"end\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"contiguous\", \"contiguous\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to.\"], \"links\": [[\"abut on\", \"abut on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʊt/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ʌt\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abutt\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"sousedit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hraničit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přiléhat\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"testar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"estremar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"angrenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"érintkezik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"összeér\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"lindar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"colindar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"limitar\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"graniča\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"гранича\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opiram se o\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"опирам се о\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"grenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"rajoittua\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"aboutir\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"abouter\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"testar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"estremar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"angrenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"berühren\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"edrázomai\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"εδράζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"érint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"határos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"szomszédos\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"graníči\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грани́чи\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"kāpīpiti\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"aki\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"karipapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"învecina\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"graníčitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грани́чить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"primykátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"примыка́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prilegátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прилега́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"upirátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"упира́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"bordear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"gränsa till\"}], \"word\": \"abut\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abut",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abut/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 10 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abutment\"}, {\"word\": \"abuttal\"}, {\"word\": \"abutter\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abutten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abutten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"abuttare\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin abuttare\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"abuter\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French abuter\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"but\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"end, aim, purpose\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"non\", \"2\": \"butr\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"piece of wood\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"butt\", \"t1\": \"to\", \"t2\": \"boundary mark\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”)\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abutten, from Medieval Latin abuttare and Old French abuter, aboter, abouter (“to touch at one end, to come to an end, aim, reach”), from Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”); akin to Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”). Equivalent to a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abuts\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutting\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"++\"}, \"expansion\": \"abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"It was a time when Germany still abutted upon Russia.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"His land abuts on the road.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)\"], \"links\": [[\"touch\", \"touch\"], [\"border\", \"border\"], [\"edge\", \"edge\"], [\"end\", \"end\"], [\"adjacent\", \"adjacent\"], [\"contiguous\", \"contiguous\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land)\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to.\"], \"links\": [[\"abut on\", \"abut on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To border upon; be next to; abut on; be adjacent to.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʊt/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ʌt\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abutt\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"sousedit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hraničit\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"přiléhat\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"testar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"estremar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"angrenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"érintkezik\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"összeér\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"lindar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"colindar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to touch by means of a mutual border\", \"word\": \"limitar\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"graniča\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"гранича\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"opiram se o\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"опирам се о\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"grenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"rajoittua\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"aboutir\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"abouter\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"testar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"estremar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"angrenzen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"berühren\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"edrázomai\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"εδράζομαι\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"érint\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"határos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"szomszédos\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"graníči\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грани́чи\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"kāpīpiti\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"aki\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"karipapa\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"învecina\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"graníčitʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грани́чить\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"primykátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"примыка́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"prilegátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"прилега́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"upirátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"упира́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"bordear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to border on\", \"word\": \"gränsa till\"}], \"word\": \"abut\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abut",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abut/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 10 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abutten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abutten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"aboter\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to touch at one end, border on\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"butt\", \"t1\": \"towards, change to\", \"t2\": \"push\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abutten, from Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”), abouter (“to join end to end”), abuter (“to buttress, to put an end to”), from a- (“towards”) + bout (“end”), boter, bouter (“to strike”), buter (“to strike, finish”). Equivalent to a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abuts\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutting\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"++\"}, \"expansion\": \"abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʊt/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ʌt\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abutt\"}], \"word\": \"abut\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abut",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "abut/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with a-\", \"English verbs\", \"Pages with 10 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt\", \"Rhymes:English/ʌt/2 syllables\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"abutten\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English abutten\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"aboter\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to touch at one end, border on\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"a\", \"3\": \"butt\", \"t1\": \"towards, change to\", \"t2\": \"push\"}, \"expansion\": \"a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English abutten, from Old French aboter (“to touch at one end, border on”), abouter (“to join end to end”), abuter (“to buttress, to put an end to”), from a- (“towards”) + bout (“end”), boter, bouter (“to strike”), buter (“to strike, finish”). Equivalent to a- (“towards, change to”) + butt (“push”)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abuts\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutting\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abutted\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"++\"}, \"expansion\": \"abut (third-person singular simple present abuts, present participle abutting, simple past and past participle abutted)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To lean against on one end; to end on, of a part of a building or wall.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abut.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abut.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʌt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əˈbʊt/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-England\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ʌt\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abutt\"}], \"word\": \"abut\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "abut",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.