See abstraction on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for abstraction meaning in All languages combined (24.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "the act of generalization",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “mentally abstracting”",
"word": "concretization"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstractional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstractionism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstractionist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstractionistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstractive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eccentric abstraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lambda abstraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leaky abstraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semiabstraction"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abstraccyone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abstraccyone",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abstraction"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abstraction",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "abstrāctiō",
"t": "separation"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin abstrāctiō (“separation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abstrahō",
"t": "draw away"
},
"expansion": "Latin abstrahō (“draw away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract",
"3": "-ion"
},
"expansion": "abstract + -ion",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abstraccyone; either from Middle French abstraction or from Medieval Latin abstrāctiō (“separation”), from Latin abstrahō (“draw away”). Equivalent to abstract + -ion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abstractions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "abstraction (countable and uncountable, plural abstractions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abstract"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 12 1 7 5 4 4 3 1 13 3 5 4 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 3 7 5 5 5 2 2 11 3 5 5 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-Y5Do4woj",
"links": [
[
"abstracting",
"abstracting"
],
[
"withdrawing",
"withdrawing"
],
[
"withdrawal",
"withdrawal"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
],
[
"surreptitiously",
"surreptitiously"
],
[
"purloining",
"purloining"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"(euphemistic) The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"euphemistic",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "ontvreemding"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "toeëigening"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "stjele"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "naske"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "tæsje"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "rane"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "røve"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "en:Engineering",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 12 1 7 5 4 4 3 1 13 3 5 4 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 3 7 5 5 5 2 2 11 3 5 5 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"Removal of water from a river, lake, or aquifer."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-NRtiDNZS",
"links": [
[
"abstracting",
"abstracting"
],
[
"withdrawing",
"withdrawing"
],
[
"withdrawal",
"withdrawal"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"(engineering) Removal of water from a river, lake, or aquifer."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 12 1 7 5 4 4 3 1 13 3 5 4 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 3 7 5 5 5 2 2 11 3 5 5 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy",
"text": "The cancelling of the debt would be no destruction of wealth, but a transfer of it: a wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community, for the profit of the government, or of the tax-payers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-~xelNpxG",
"links": [
[
"abstracting",
"abstracting"
],
[
"withdrawing",
"withdrawing"
],
[
"withdrawal",
"withdrawal"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a hermit's abstraction"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; the withdrawal from one's senses."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-3ZzqKjXx",
"links": [
[
"worldly",
"worldly"
],
[
"recluse",
"recluse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Holonym: induction"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1837, W. Hamilton, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, published 1860, Lecture XXXV, page 474",
"text": "Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "Abstraction is necessary for the classification of things into genera and species."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-en:act_of_conceptual_analysis",
"senseid": [
"en:act of conceptual analysis"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any characteristic of an individual object when that characteristic has been separated from the object and is contemplated alone as a quality having independent existence."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-xXWY72dR",
"links": [
[
"separated",
"separation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A member of an idealized subgroup when contemplated according to the abstracted quality which defines the subgroup."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun--4Ws6h~v",
"links": [
[
"idealized",
"idealization"
],
[
"abstracted",
"abstract"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-A~aSaJzq",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 1 12 1 1 20 1 1 1 10 1 11 1 2",
"sense": "the act of generalization",
"word": "universalization"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to fight for mere abstractions."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An idea or notion of an abstract or theoretical nature."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-WpwdbC2o",
"links": [
[
"notion",
"notion"
],
[
"theoretical",
"theoretical"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 55",
"text": "\"One penny, sir!\" He was roused at once from his abstraction; for it was a question to himself whether he had even that in his pocket. Sixpence was, however, discovered; he paid the toll, and passed on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects; preoccupation."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-WkxEqGtO",
"links": [
[
"absorption",
"absorption"
],
[
"inattention",
"inattention"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "en:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 12 1 7 5 4 4 3 1 13 3 5 4 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 3 7 5 5 5 2 2 11 3 5 5 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abstract creation, or piece of art; qualities of artwork that are free from representational aspects."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-0BHXTJaI",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art) An abstract creation, or piece of art; qualities of artwork that are free from representational aspects."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-GbB~jUzB",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An idea of an idealistic, unrealistic or visionary nature."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-Eqk50r7x",
"links": [
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"idealistic",
"idealistic"
],
[
"unrealistic",
"unrealistic"
],
[
"visionary",
"visionary"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 22 2 1 1 32 22 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"word": "vage voorstelling"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 22 2 1 1 32 22 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visionair begrip"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 22 2 1 1 32 22 1 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"word": "abstraktaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 22 2 1 1 32 22 1 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The result of mentally abstracting an idea; the product of any mental process involving a synthesis of: separation, despecification, generalization, and ideation in any of a number of combinations."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-3gBI1wIi",
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"synthesis",
"synthesis"
],
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"despecification",
"despecification"
],
[
"generalization",
"generalization"
],
[
"ideation",
"ideation"
],
[
"combination",
"combination"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The merging of two river valleys by the larger of the two deepening and widening so much so, as to assimilate the smaller."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-bpSrFCVe",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The merging of two river valleys by the larger of the two deepening and widening so much so, as to assimilate the smaller."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Files are an abstraction provided by the file system for storing data, so that applications do not have to care how that data is stored.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hiding implementation details from the interface of a component, to decrease complexity through interdependency and improve modularity; a construct that serves as such."
],
"id": "en-abstraction-en-noun-Eo~hm0ng",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"interface",
"interface"
],
[
"interdependency",
"interdependency"
],
[
"modularity",
"modularity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) Hiding implementation details from the interface of a component, to decrease complexity through interdependency and improve modularity; a construct that serves as such."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-abstraction.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/En-us-abstraction.ogg/En-us-abstraction.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/En-us-abstraction.ogg",
"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "generalization"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "räḳiḳnät",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "ረቂቅነት"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "abstrahum",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "աբստրահում"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astraición"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astracción"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "abstrákcija",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абстра́кция"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracció"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "abstraktion"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstractie"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraktsioon"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "üldistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "hajameelsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstrahointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracción"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "absṭragireba",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "აბსტრაგირება"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abstraktion"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afaíresi",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αφαίρεση"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hafshat'a",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הפשטה"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "amūrtan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अमूर्तन"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhāvānyan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "भावानयन"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "niṣkarṣaṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "निष्कर्षण"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "amūrtīkraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अमूर्तीकरण"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sāragrahaṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "सारग्रहण"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅkṣiptīkraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "संक्षिप्तीकरण"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "apāhraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अपाहरण"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "absztrakció"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "elvonatkoztatás"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teibiú"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astrazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "abstraksiä",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "абстракция"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstrakcija"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstrahering"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstraccion"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "انتزاعیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstrakcja"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstração"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracție"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "abstrákcija",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абстра́кция"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracción"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "kabasalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "soyutlama"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraksiyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "dezugam"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "dezugot"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 23 1 5 1 2 5 2 0 5 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "abstraktsye",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אַבסטראַקציע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abstraction (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "abstraction"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "abstracție",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: abstracție",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: abstracție"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абстракция",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: абстракция (abstrakcija)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: абстракция (abstrakcija)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "abstrāctiō",
"4": "abstrāctiōnem",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abstrāctiōnem",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "abstrāctiō",
"4": "abstrāctiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin abstrāctiōnem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin abstrāctiōnem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abstractions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "abstraction f (plural abstractions)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "faire abstraction"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction"
],
"id": "en-abstraction-fr-noun-VbTuoet3",
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction#English"
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],
"related": [
{
"word": "abstraire"
},
{
"word": "abstrait"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap.stʁak.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"homophone": "abstractions"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-abstraction.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Fr-abstraction.ogg/Fr-abstraction.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Fr-abstraction.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "abstraction"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "the act of generalization",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “mentally abstracting”",
"word": "concretization"
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"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ion",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Irish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abstractional"
},
{
"word": "abstractionism"
},
{
"word": "abstractionist"
},
{
"word": "abstractionistic"
},
{
"word": "abstractive"
},
{
"word": "eccentric abstraction"
},
{
"word": "lambda abstraction"
},
{
"word": "leaky abstraction"
},
{
"word": "semiabstraction"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abstraccyone"
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"expansion": "Middle English abstraccyone",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abstraction"
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"expansion": "Middle French abstraction",
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{
"args": {
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"t": "separation"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abstrahō",
"t": "draw away"
},
"expansion": "Latin abstrahō (“draw away”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract",
"3": "-ion"
},
"expansion": "abstract + -ion",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abstraccyone; either from Middle French abstraction or from Medieval Latin abstrāctiō (“separation”), from Latin abstrahō (“draw away”). Equivalent to abstract + -ion.",
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"form": "abstractions",
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}
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"expansion": "abstraction (countable and uncountable, plural abstractions)",
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"related": [
{
"word": "abstract"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
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"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining."
],
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[
"abstracting",
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"withdrawing"
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[
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[
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"w:Oxford University Press"
],
[
"surreptitiously",
"surreptitiously"
],
[
"purloining",
"purloining"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"(euphemistic) The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"euphemistic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
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],
"glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"Removal of water from a river, lake, or aquifer."
],
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[
"abstracting",
"abstracting"
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"withdrawing"
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"withdrawal"
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],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.",
"(engineering) Removal of water from a river, lake, or aquifer."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
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},
{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy",
"text": "The cancelling of the debt would be no destruction of wealth, but a transfer of it: a wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community, for the profit of the government, or of the tax-payers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away."
],
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[
"abstracting",
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"withdrawing"
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]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a hermit's abstraction"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; the withdrawal from one's senses."
],
"links": [
[
"worldly",
"worldly"
],
[
"recluse",
"recluse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Holonym: induction"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1837, W. Hamilton, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, published 1860, Lecture XXXV, page 474",
"text": "Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "Abstraction is necessary for the classification of things into genera and species."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas."
],
"senseid": [
"en:act of conceptual analysis"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any characteristic of an individual object when that characteristic has been separated from the object and is contemplated alone as a quality having independent existence."
],
"links": [
[
"separated",
"separation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A member of an idealized subgroup when contemplated according to the abstracted quality which defines the subgroup."
],
"links": [
[
"idealized",
"idealization"
],
[
"abstracted",
"abstract"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to fight for mere abstractions."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An idea or notion of an abstract or theoretical nature."
],
"links": [
[
"notion",
"notion"
],
[
"theoretical",
"theoretical"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 55",
"text": "\"One penny, sir!\" He was roused at once from his abstraction; for it was a question to himself whether he had even that in his pocket. Sixpence was, however, discovered; he paid the toll, and passed on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects; preoccupation."
],
"links": [
[
"absorption",
"absorption"
],
[
"inattention",
"inattention"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Art"
],
"glosses": [
"An abstract creation, or piece of art; qualities of artwork that are free from representational aspects."
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art) An abstract creation, or piece of art; qualities of artwork that are free from representational aspects."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An idea of an idealistic, unrealistic or visionary nature."
],
"links": [
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"idealistic",
"idealistic"
],
[
"unrealistic",
"unrealistic"
],
[
"visionary",
"visionary"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The result of mentally abstracting an idea; the product of any mental process involving a synthesis of: separation, despecification, generalization, and ideation in any of a number of combinations."
],
"links": [
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"synthesis",
"synthesis"
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[
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],
[
"generalization",
"generalization"
],
[
"ideation",
"ideation"
],
[
"combination",
"combination"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"The merging of two river valleys by the larger of the two deepening and widening so much so, as to assimilate the smaller."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The merging of two river valleys by the larger of the two deepening and widening so much so, as to assimilate the smaller."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Computing"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Files are an abstraction provided by the file system for storing data, so that applications do not have to care how that data is stored.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hiding implementation details from the interface of a component, to decrease complexity through interdependency and improve modularity; a construct that serves as such."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
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],
[
"interface",
"interface"
],
[
"interdependency",
"interdependency"
],
[
"modularity",
"modularity"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) Hiding implementation details from the interface of a component, to decrease complexity through interdependency and improve modularity; a construct that serves as such."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-abstraction.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/En-us-abstraction.ogg/En-us-abstraction.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/En-us-abstraction.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "the act of generalization",
"word": "universalization"
},
{
"word": "generalization"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "räḳiḳnät",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "ረቂቅነት"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "abstrahum",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "աբստրահում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astraición"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astracción"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "abstrákcija",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абстра́кция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracció"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "abstraktion"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstractie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraktsioon"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "üldistus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "hajameelsus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstrahointi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracción"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "absṭragireba",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "აბსტრაგირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abstraktion"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afaíresi",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αφαίρεση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hafshat'a",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הפשטה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "amūrtan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अमूर्तन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhāvānyan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "भावानयन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "niṣkarṣaṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "निष्कर्षण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "amūrtīkraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अमूर्तीकरण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sāragrahaṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "सारग्रहण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅkṣiptīkraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "संक्षिप्तीकरण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "apāhraṇ",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "अपाहरण"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "absztrakció"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "elvonatkoztatás"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraction"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teibiú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astrazione"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "abstraksiä",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "абстракция"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstrakcija"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstrahering"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstraccion"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "انتزاعیدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstrakcja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstração"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "abstrákcija",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "абстра́кция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abstracción"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "kabasalan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "soyutlama"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "abstraksiyon"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "dezugam"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"word": "dezugot"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "abstraktsye",
"sense": "act of abstracting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אַבסטראַקציע"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "ontvreemding"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "toeëigening"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "stjele"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "naske"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "tæsje"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "rane"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "purloining",
"word": "røve"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"word": "vage voorstelling"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "visionair begrip"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"word": "abstraktaĵo"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "idea of a visionary nature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abstraksjon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abstraction (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "abstraction"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "faire abstraction"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "abstracție",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: abstracție",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: abstracție"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "абстракция",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: абстракция (abstrakcija)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: абстракция (abstrakcija)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "abstrāctiō",
"4": "abstrāctiōnem",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abstrāctiōnem",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "abstrāctiō",
"4": "abstrāctiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin abstrāctiōnem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin abstrāctiōnem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abstractions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "abstraction f (plural abstractions)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "abstraire"
},
{
"word": "abstrait"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones"
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction"
],
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap.stʁak.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"homophone": "abstractions"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-abstraction.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Fr-abstraction.ogg/Fr-abstraction.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Fr-abstraction.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "abstraction"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''The act of abstracting, separa'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"abstraction"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "abstraction",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.