"Jin" meaning in All languages combined

See Jin on Wiktionary

Proper name [English]

IPA: /d͡ʒɪn/
enPR: jĭn Etymology: table The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn), adopted as the name of a river in Shanxi in antiquity. As a Zhou state, from the renaming of the marchland Tang (唐) by its second marquis Ji Xie when he relocated to the Jin River c. 1000 BC. As a surname, principally from the Zhou state and its region in China. As an empire and dynastic name, from Sima Yan's status as prince of Jin under the preceding Wei Empire. As a river in Fujian, named for the empire, which settled its banks with colonizers from China's Central Plains. As a dialect, from 晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ), from the region of the former Zhou state. Etymology templates: {{commonscat|Jin Dynasty (266-420)}}, {{etymid|en|river}} table, {{bor|en|cmn-pinyin|-}} Hanyu Pinyin, {{bor|en|cmn|-}} Mandarin, {{bor|en|zh|晉|tr=Jìn}} Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn), {{zh-l|晉語}} 晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A river (晉水) in Shanxi Province, China, emptying into the Fen River.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-IQ2O6RGQ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 2 1 2 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 8 3 3 3 1 4 0 4 1 3 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 2 0 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 6 5 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 6 7 5 3 2 0 3 0 3 1 2
  2. (historical) A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-TWvL0rsE
  3. A Chinese surname.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-MQr8ftD-
  4. (historical) A titular principality of the Wei Empire (est. AD 264) and other later Chinese states. Tags: historical Synonyms (empire & era): Sima Jin, Liang Jin
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-UijDAlwX Disambiguation of 'empire & era': 3 3 1 22 12 10 12 3 2 1 3 16 10 1
  5. (historical) An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Chinese dynasties, History of China Categories (place): Places in China, Polities
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-FJ52KVwo Disambiguation of Chinese dynasties: 6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 Disambiguation of History of China: 6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1
  6. (historical) Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire. Tags: historical Synonyms: Sima [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-kkrqMbcg
  7. (historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-6gPDhgKT
  8. A river (Jin River, 晉江/晋江 (Jìnjiāng)) in Quanzhou Municipality, Fujian, China, emptying into the Taiwan Strait. Synonyms (Shanxinese river): Jinshui
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-bvZHWXbU Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 2 1 2 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 8 3 3 3 1 4 0 4 1 3 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 2 0 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 6 5 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 6 7 5 3 2 0 3 0 3 1 2 Disambiguation of 'Shanxinese river': 34 15 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0
  9. (historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Chinese dynasties, History of China
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-JlWlxM2V Disambiguation of Chinese dynasties: 6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 Disambiguation of History of China: 6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1
  10. (historical) Former name of Linfen as the seat of the prefecture. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-sFRxIMkt
  11. (historical) An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-vW4mdog1 Categories (other): English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 2 0 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 6 5 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 6 7 5 3 2 0 3 0 3 1 2
  12. (historical) The Later Jin, a short-lived empire in 10th-century Shaanxi; the 930s and '40s, the era of this empire. Tags: historical Synonyms: Fujianese river [Jinjiang], prefecture & its seat [Jinzhou], Chin, Kin Hyponyms: imperial dynasty [Eastern, Jin, Western] Derived forms: Jinese, Jin Chinese Related terms: Jinjiang, Zayton, Tsinkiang
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-Wmg50fG6
  13. (historical) Synonym of Shi: the dynasty which ruled this empire. Tags: historical Synonyms: Shi [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-lLCHYgtX
  14. (linguistics) A Chinese dialect family (code cjy) spoken by about 45 million people in Shanxi and adjacent provinces. Categories (topical): Linguistics Synonyms (dialect family): Jin Chinese, Jinese, Shanxinese, Shanxi dialect Hyponyms (dialect family): Bingzhou, Lüliang, Shangdang, Wutai, Datong–Baotou, Zhangjiakou–Hohhot, Handan–Xinxiang, Zhidan–Yanchuan
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-x0UC4a6~ Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences Disambiguation of 'dialect family': 5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43 Disambiguation of 'dialect family': 5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From Korean 진(晉) (jin). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|ko|진(晉)}} Korean 진(晉) (jin) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A Korean surname.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-JF6w31Xz
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”). As a surname, legendarily derived from the descendants of Shaohao who took a golden phoenix as their tribal emblem. As an area and town in Shaanxi, named for the placer deposits of gold on the Yue River. As a Jurchen empire and dynastic name, a Chinese calque of Jurchen name of the Ashi River within modern Harbin, preserved in Chinese transcription as 按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ) (Middle Chinese: ʔan-tsyhwit-xu). As a Manchu empire and dynastic name, an early continuation of the former Jurchen name prior to the 1636 proclamation of the Qing. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|cmn-pinyin|-}} Hanyu Pinyin, {{lang|zh|金}} 金, {{der|en|cmn|金|lit=gold, golden|tr=Jīn}} Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”), {{der|en|juc|-}} Jurchen, {{m|zh|按出虎}} 按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A Chinese surname, given 29th among the Hundred Family Surnames.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-l783lmz1
  2. (historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Ankang, Shaanxi. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Chinese dynasties, History of China
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-zGV~P3ND Disambiguation of Chinese dynasties: 6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 Disambiguation of History of China: 6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1
  3. (historical) Former name of Ankang as the seat of the prefecture. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-A0HN~~px
  4. (historical) An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Chinese dynasties, History of China Categories (place): Places in China, Polities
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-huDtXyGB Disambiguation of Chinese dynasties: 6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 Disambiguation of History of China: 6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1
  5. (historical) Synonym of Wanyan: the dynasty which ruled this empire. Tags: historical Synonyms: Wanyan [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-UkE24GqH
  6. (historical, ethnography, uncommon) Synonym of Jurchen: the Tungusic people who ruled this empire. Tags: historical, uncommon Categories (topical): Ethnography Synonyms: Jurchen [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-z3JXKI8v Topics: anthropology, ethnography, human-sciences, sciences
  7. (historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The 12th to early 13th century, the era during which the Wanyan clan were the legitimate emperors of northern China. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-sTVsL0S2
  8. (historical) Synonym of Qing: the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing. Tags: historical Synonyms: Qing [synonym, synonym-of] Synonyms (empire & era): Jurchen, Jurchen Jin, Jinn
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-ORf3GO0Z Categories (other): English quotations with omitted translation Disambiguation of English quotations with omitted translation: 11 15 13 14 2 8 10 27 Disambiguation of 'empire & era': 2 3 2 13 13 13 17 37
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Kim (english: Korean equivalent) [surname], Kam (english: Cantonese equivalent) [surname] Synonyms (prefecture & its seat): Jinzhou, Xicheng Translations (Translations): (alt: きん, Kin) (Japanese)
Etymology number: 3 Disambiguation of 'prefecture & its seat': 3 35 39 6 5 4 3 5 Disambiguation of 'Translations': 14 16 17 16 1 7 10 19

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|cmn-pinyin|-}} Hanyu Pinyin, {{der|en|zh|錦|tr=Jǐn}} Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A river (錦江) in Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces in China, emptying into the Bei or North River.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-XV8XbWIv Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 2 1 2 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 8 3 3 3 1 4 0 4 1 3 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 2 0 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 6 5 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 6 7 5 3 2 0 3 0 3 1 2
  2. A river (錦江) in Sichuan Province, China, emptying into the Min River.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-1bwEWYLS
  3. (historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Luyang, Hunan. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Chinese dynasties, History of China
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-YpRUO0si Disambiguation of Chinese dynasties: 6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 Disambiguation of History of China: 6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1
  4. (historical) Former name of Luyang as the seat of the prefecture. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-QIe1m-eh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rivers [Jinjiang], prefecture & seat [Jinzhou] Synonyms (Jianxinese river): Changjiang Creek, River (english: upper course)
Etymology number: 4 Disambiguation of 'Jianxinese river': 49 51 0 0

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 靳 (Jìn). As a surname, legendarily derived from Zhurong. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|cmn-pinyin|-}} Hanyu Pinyin, {{der|en|zh|靳|tr=Jìn}} Chinese 靳 (Jìn) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A Chinese surname.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-MQr8ftD-1
  2. A river (靳江) in Hunan Province, China, emptying into the Xiang River. Synonyms: Jinjiang
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-5auHYsTE
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 5

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From the revised romanization of Korean 진 (jin). As an ancient kingdom, originally from Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”), possibly used by the ancient state from its association with "east". As the medieval precursor of Balhae, originally Chinese 震, possibly intended as a variant of the original state's name (Middle Chinese: dzyin) or to signify "thunderclap", "shock", "tremor", etc. As a surname, the modern Korean form of originally separate names derived from Chinese 陳/陈 (chén), 秦 (Qín), 眞/真 (zhēn), as well as 晉 above. Etymology templates: {{der|en|ko|진}} Korean 진 (jin), {{der|en|zh|辰|t=5th earthly branch}} Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”), {{der|en|zh|震}} Chinese 震, {{der|en|zh|陳}} Chinese 陳/陈 (chén), {{m|zh|秦}} 秦 (Qín), {{m|zh|眞}} 眞/真 (zhēn) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. (historical) An ancient state or tribal confederation in northern Korea. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-T~TcWuh7
  2. (historical) Synonym of Balhae, a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming. Tags: historical Synonyms: Balhae [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-SDzq-wqx
  3. A Korean surname. Derived forms: Jinhan
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-JF6w31Xz1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 6

Proper name [English]

Etymology: From Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|ja|仁|lit=benevolence|t=Jin}} Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”) Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Jin
  1. A Japanese male given name.
    Sense id: en-Jin-en-name-28DODT7O
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 7

Romanization [Japanese]

Head templates: {{head|ja|romanization|head=|sc=Latn}} Jin
  1. Rōmaji transcription of じん Tags: Rōmaji, alt-of, romanization Alternative form of: じん

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for Jin meaning in All languages combined (33.0kB)

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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "args": {
        "1": "Jin Dynasty (266-420)"
      },
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      "args": {
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      "args": {
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        "tr": "Jìn"
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      "expansion": "Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn)",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "晉語"
      },
      "expansion": "晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nThe atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn), adopted as the name of a river in Shanxi in antiquity. As a Zhou state, from the renaming of the marchland Tang (唐) by its second marquis Ji Xie when he relocated to the Jin River c. 1000 BC. As a surname, principally from the Zhou state and its region in China. As an empire and dynastic name, from Sima Yan's status as prince of Jin under the preceding Wei Empire. As a river in Fujian, named for the empire, which settled its banks with colonizers from China's Central Plains. As a dialect, from 晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ), from the region of the former Zhou state.",
  "head_templates": [
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  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
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      "glosses": [
        "A river (晉水) in Shanxi Province, China, emptying into the Fen River."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-IQ2O6RGQ",
      "links": [
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          "Fen River",
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      ]
    },
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        "A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river."
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river."
      ],
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        "historical"
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    },
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      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname."
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      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-MQr8ftD-",
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        "(historical) A titular principality of the Wei Empire (est. AD 264) and other later Chinese states."
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      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 1 22 12 10 12 3 2 1 3 16 10 1",
          "sense": "empire & era",
          "word": "Sima Jin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 3 1 22 12 10 12 3 2 1 3 16 10 1",
          "sense": "empire & era",
          "word": "Liang Jin"
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          "kind": "place",
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          "orig": "en:Places in China",
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          "kind": "topical",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
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          "Liu Song"
        ],
        [
          "Empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "south",
          "south"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-kkrqMbcg",
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          "this",
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the dynasty which ruled this empire",
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            "synonym-of"
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          "word": "Sima"
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    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China."
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          "emperor",
          "emperor"
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        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Chinese contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
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      "categories": [
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
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      ],
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        {
          "ref": "1984, Zhuang Weiji, quotee, Jews in Old China: Studies by Chinese Scholars, Hippocrene Books, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147",
          "text": "Between 1946 and 1948 in the ruins of the foundations of Quanzhou’s South Gate Tower and southern wall we excavated more that twenty large white gravestones, inscribed in Arabic on both sides. They obviously had been taken from a demolished Islamic mosque. The area overlooked in the Jin River and was known as South Quanzhou, or the “Foreign District.” It was here that merchants from overseas and their families had lived during Song and Yuan.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Tim Mackintosh-Smith, “China: To the Mosque of the Phoenix”, in Landfalls: On the Edge of Islam from Zanzibar to the Alhambra, John Murray, published 2011, →OCLC, page 200",
          "text": "Wang Feng and I made our way to the world’s former greatest harbour. It is to the west of the city on the Jin River, and far enough inland from Quanzhou Bay to be reasonably safe from typhoons.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, “Fujian”, in China, DK, →OCLC, page 297, column 1",
          "text": "Located on the Jin River, Quanzhou was China’s principal port during the Song and Yuan dynasties.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 February 8, Kelvin Chen, “Swiss parliamentarian delegation visits Taiwan's Kinmen”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2023-03-08, Politics",
          "text": "He said that four years ago, the island began receiving water from the Jin River, in Quanzhou, China, and now 70-80% of Kinmen's water comes from China.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A river (Jin River, 晉江/晋江 (Jìnjiāng)) in Quanzhou Municipality, Fujian, China, emptying into the Taiwan Strait."
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      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-bvZHWXbU",
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          "river",
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          "晉江",
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          "晋江#Chinese"
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          "municipality"
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          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
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          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Taiwan Strait",
          "Taiwan Strait"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "34 15 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "Shanxinese river",
          "word": "Jinshui"
        }
      ]
    },
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          "name": "Chinese dynasties",
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            "Historical periods",
            "China",
            "History of Asia",
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            "Timekeeping",
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            "All topics",
            "Time",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
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          "name": "History of China",
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            "Eurasia",
            "All topics",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi."
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      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-JlWlxM2V",
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        [
          "prefecture",
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        "(historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi."
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        "Former name of Linfen as the seat of the prefecture."
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        [
          "Linfen",
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            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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        "An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang."
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      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-vW4mdog1",
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang."
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        "historical"
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    },
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      "categories": [],
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          "_dis1": "1 1 1 2 2 1 1 33 2 1 1 53 1 1",
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      "glosses": [
        "The Later Jin, a short-lived empire in 10th-century Shaanxi; the 930s and '40s, the era of this empire."
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      ],
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          "word": "Fujianese river"
        },
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          "word": "Kin"
        }
      ],
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        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Shi: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-lLCHYgtX",
      "links": [
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    },
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      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
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          "name": "Linguistics",
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            "Society",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese dialect family (code cjy) spoken by about 45 million people in Shanxi and adjacent provinces."
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          "_dis1": "5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43",
          "sense": "dialect family",
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        {
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          "sense": "dialect family",
          "word": "Wutai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43",
          "sense": "dialect family",
          "word": "Datong–Baotou"
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        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43",
          "sense": "dialect family",
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        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43",
          "sense": "dialect family",
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        {
          "_dis1": "5 4 5 2 4 6 4 4 3 1 6 5 8 43",
          "sense": "dialect family",
          "word": "Zhidan–Yanchuan"
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      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-x0UC4a6~",
      "links": [
        [
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          "Chinese",
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        {
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      "enpr": "jĭn"
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{
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  "etymology_templates": [
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  "head_templates": [
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}

{
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        "2": "金"
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      "name": "lang"
    },
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        "2": "cmn",
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        "2": "按出虎"
      },
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  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”). As a surname, legendarily derived from the descendants of Shaohao who took a golden phoenix as their tribal emblem. As an area and town in Shaanxi, named for the placer deposits of gold on the Yue River. As a Jurchen empire and dynastic name, a Chinese calque of Jurchen name of the Ashi River within modern Harbin, preserved in Chinese transcription as 按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ) (Middle Chinese: ʔan-tsyhwit-xu). As a Manchu empire and dynastic name, an early continuation of the former Jurchen name prior to the 1636 proclamation of the Qing.",
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  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname, given 29th among the Hundred Family Surnames."
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      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-l783lmz1",
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          "seat"
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          "prefecture"
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    {
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        {
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          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "en:Places in China",
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            "Names",
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            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-huDtXyGB",
      "links": [
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ],
        [
          "establish",
          "establish"
        ],
        [
          "invasion",
          "invasion"
        ],
        [
          "Liao",
          "Liao"
        ],
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan"
        ],
        [
          "Jurchen",
          "Jurchen"
        ],
        [
          "overthrown",
          "overthrown"
        ],
        [
          "Mongols",
          "Mongols"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Wanyan: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-UkE24GqH",
      "links": [
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan#English"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Wanyan: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the dynasty which ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Wanyan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ethnography",
          "orig": "en:Ethnography",
          "parents": [
            "Anthropology",
            "Social sciences",
            "Zoology",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "Biology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Jurchen: the Tungusic people who ruled this empire."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-z3JXKI8v",
      "links": [
        [
          "ethnography",
          "ethnography"
        ],
        [
          "Jurchen",
          "Jurchen#English"
        ],
        [
          "Tungusic",
          "Tungusic"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, ethnography, uncommon) Synonym of Jurchen: the Tungusic people who ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the Tungusic people who ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Jurchen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "ethnography",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "The 12th to early 13th century, the era during which the Wanyan clan were the legitimate emperors of northern China."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-sTVsL0S2",
      "links": [
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "century",
          "century"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan"
        ],
        [
          "clan",
          "clan"
        ],
        [
          "legitimate",
          "legitimate"
        ],
        [
          "emperor",
          "emperor"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Chinese contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The 12th to early 13th century, the era during which the Wanyan clan were the legitimate emperors of northern China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 15 13 14 2 8 10 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Qing: the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-ORf3GO0Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "Qing",
          "Qing#English"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "year",
          "year"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ],
        [
          "formal",
          "formal"
        ],
        [
          "declaration",
          "declaration"
        ],
        [
          "Qing",
          "Qing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Qing: the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Qing"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 2 13 13 13 17 37",
          "sense": "empire & era",
          "word": "Jurchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 2 13 13 13 17 37",
          "sense": "empire & era",
          "word": "Jurchen Jin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 3 2 13 13 13 17 37",
          "sense": "empire & era",
          "word": "Jinn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "17 17 7 16 8 13 10 11",
      "english": "Korean equivalent",
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Kim"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "17 17 7 16 8 13 10 11",
      "english": "Cantonese equivalent",
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Kam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 35 39 6 5 4 3 5",
      "sense": "prefecture & its seat",
      "word": "Jinzhou"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 35 39 6 5 4 3 5",
      "sense": "prefecture & its seat",
      "word": "Xicheng"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "14 16 17 16 1 7 10 19",
      "alt": "きん, Kin",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "word": "金"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Cambridge University Press",
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Chinese surname)",
    "Jin Prefecture (Shaanxi)",
    "Jurchen Jin",
    "Linfen"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "錦",
        "tr": "Jǐn"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 2 1 2 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 8 3 3 3 1 4 0 4 1 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 2 0 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 6 5 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 6 7 5 3 2 0 3 0 3 1 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A river (錦江) in Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces in China, emptying into the Bei or North River."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-XV8XbWIv",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "錦",
          "錦"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangxi",
          "Jiangxi"
        ],
        [
          "Guangdong",
          "Guangdong"
        ],
        [
          "province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Bei",
          "Bei"
        ],
        [
          "North",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (錦江) in Sichuan Province, China, emptying into the Min River."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-1bwEWYLS",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "錦",
          "錦"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Sichuan",
          "Sichuan"
        ],
        [
          "Province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Min",
          "Min"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 2 1 2 9 1 5 4 8 0 3 1 1 1 0 1 8 0 9 0 2 5 3 7 6 8 0 1 5 0 0 0 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chinese dynasties",
          "orig": "en:Chinese dynasties",
          "parents": [
            "Dynasties",
            "History of China",
            "Historical periods",
            "China",
            "History of Asia",
            "History",
            "Timekeeping",
            "Asia",
            "All topics",
            "Time",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 1 0 2 10 0 6 4 9 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 10 0 2 5 2 7 6 9 0 0 6 0 0 0 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "History of China",
          "orig": "en:History of China",
          "parents": [
            "China",
            "History of Asia",
            "Asia",
            "History",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prefecture of imperial China centered on Luyang, Hunan."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-YpRUO0si",
      "links": [
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ],
        [
          "imperial",
          "imperial"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "center",
          "center"
        ],
        [
          "Luyang",
          "Luyang"
        ],
        [
          "Hunan",
          "Hunan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Luyang, Hunan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Former name of Luyang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-QIe1m-eh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Luyang",
          "Luyang#English"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ],
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Former name of Luyang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "26 29 32 13",
      "tags": [
        "Jinjiang"
      ],
      "word": "rivers"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "26 29 32 13",
      "tags": [
        "Jinzhou"
      ],
      "word": "prefecture & seat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51 0 0",
      "sense": "Jianxinese river",
      "word": "Changjiang Creek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "49 51 0 0",
      "english": "upper course",
      "sense": "Jianxinese river",
      "word": "River"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin Prefecture (Hunan)",
    "Jin River (Bei River)",
    "Jin River (Sichuan)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 5,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "靳",
        "tr": "Jìn"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 靳 (Jìn)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 靳 (Jìn). As a surname, legendarily derived from Zhurong.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-MQr8ftD-1",
      "links": [
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (靳江) in Hunan Province, China, emptying into the Xiang River."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-5auHYsTE",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "靳",
          "靳"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Hunan",
          "Hunan"
        ],
        [
          "Province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Xiang",
          "Xiang"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Jinjiang"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Chinese surname)",
    "Jin River (Hunan)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 6,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ko",
        "3": "진"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 진 (jin)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "辰",
        "t": "5th earthly branch"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "震"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 震",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "陳"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 陳/陈 (chén)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "秦"
      },
      "expansion": "秦 (Qín)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "眞"
      },
      "expansion": "眞/真 (zhēn)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the revised romanization of Korean 진 (jin). As an ancient kingdom, originally from Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”), possibly used by the ancient state from its association with \"east\". As the medieval precursor of Balhae, originally Chinese 震, possibly intended as a variant of the original state's name (Middle Chinese: dzyin) or to signify \"thunderclap\", \"shock\", \"tremor\", etc. As a surname, the modern Korean form of originally separate names derived from Chinese 陳/陈 (chén), 秦 (Qín), 眞/真 (zhēn), as well as 晉 above.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "An ancient state or tribal confederation in northern Korea."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-T~TcWuh7",
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "Korea",
          "Korea"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An ancient state or tribal confederation in northern Korea."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Balhae, a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-SDzq-wqx",
      "links": [
        [
          "Balhae",
          "Balhae#English"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "Korean",
          "Korean"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "AD",
          "AD"
        ],
        [
          "founding",
          "founding"
        ],
        [
          "renaming",
          "renaming"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Balhae, a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Balhae"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "17 33 50",
          "word": "Jinhan"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Korean surname."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-JF6w31Xz1",
      "links": [
        [
          "Korean",
          "Korean"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Korean state)",
    "Jin (Korean surname)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 7,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "仁",
        "lit": "benevolence",
        "t": "Jin"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Japanese male given name."
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-en-name-28DODT7O",
      "links": [
        [
          "Japanese",
          "Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "じん"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese romanizations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of じん"
      ],
      "id": "en-Jin-ja-romanization-8PNZQgbB",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "じん",
          "じん#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "English terms borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
    "English terms derived from Chinese",
    "English terms derived from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English terms derived from Mandarin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Jinese"
    },
    {
      "word": "Jin Chinese"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Jin Dynasty (266-420)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "commonscat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "晉",
        "tr": "Jìn"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "晉語"
      },
      "expansion": "晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nThe atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 晉/晋 (Jìn), adopted as the name of a river in Shanxi in antiquity. As a Zhou state, from the renaming of the marchland Tang (唐) by its second marquis Ji Xie when he relocated to the Jin River c. 1000 BC. As a surname, principally from the Zhou state and its region in China. As an empire and dynastic name, from Sima Yan's status as prince of Jin under the preceding Wei Empire. As a river in Fujian, named for the empire, which settled its banks with colonizers from China's Central Plains. As a dialect, from 晉語/晋语 (Jìnyǔ), from the region of the former Zhou state.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Eastern",
        "Jin",
        "Western"
      ],
      "word": "imperial dynasty"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Bingzhou"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Lüliang"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Shangdang"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Wutai"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Datong–Baotou"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Zhangjiakou–Hohhot"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Handan–Xinxiang"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Zhidan–Yanchuan"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Jinjiang"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zayton"
    },
    {
      "word": "Tsinkiang"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (晉水) in Shanxi Province, China, emptying into the Fen River."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "晉",
          "晉"
        ],
        [
          "水",
          "水"
        ],
        [
          "Shanxi",
          "Shanxi"
        ],
        [
          "Province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Fen River",
          "Fen River"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "marchland",
          "marchland"
        ],
        [
          "duchy",
          "duchy"
        ],
        [
          "Zhou",
          "Zhou"
        ],
        [
          "Kingdom",
          "kingdom"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A marchland (c. 1046–677 BC) and duchy (677–376 BC) of the Zhou Kingdom around the river."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A titular principality of the Wei Empire (est. AD 264) and other later Chinese states."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "titular",
          "titular"
        ],
        [
          "principality",
          "principality"
        ],
        [
          "Wei Empire",
          "Cao Wei"
        ],
        [
          "est.",
          "est."
        ],
        [
          "other",
          "other"
        ],
        [
          "later",
          "later"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A titular principality of the Wei Empire (est. AD 264) and other later Chinese states."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Places in China",
        "en:Polities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ],
        [
          "establish",
          "establish"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ],
        [
          "Wei",
          "Wei"
        ],
        [
          "replace",
          "replace"
        ],
        [
          "barbarian",
          "barbarian"
        ],
        [
          "conqueror",
          "conqueror"
        ],
        [
          "north",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "Song",
          "Liu Song"
        ],
        [
          "Empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "south",
          "south"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sima",
          "Sima#English"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Sima: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the dynasty which ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Sima"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ],
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "century",
          "century"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "Sima",
          "Sima"
        ],
        [
          "clan",
          "clan"
        ],
        [
          "legitimate",
          "legitimate"
        ],
        [
          "emperor",
          "emperor"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Chinese contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The late 3rd to early 5th century, the era during which the Sima clan were the legitimate emperors of China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1984, Zhuang Weiji, quotee, Jews in Old China: Studies by Chinese Scholars, Hippocrene Books, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147",
          "text": "Between 1946 and 1948 in the ruins of the foundations of Quanzhou’s South Gate Tower and southern wall we excavated more that twenty large white gravestones, inscribed in Arabic on both sides. They obviously had been taken from a demolished Islamic mosque. The area overlooked in the Jin River and was known as South Quanzhou, or the “Foreign District.” It was here that merchants from overseas and their families had lived during Song and Yuan.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Tim Mackintosh-Smith, “China: To the Mosque of the Phoenix”, in Landfalls: On the Edge of Islam from Zanzibar to the Alhambra, John Murray, published 2011, →OCLC, page 200",
          "text": "Wang Feng and I made our way to the world’s former greatest harbour. It is to the west of the city on the Jin River, and far enough inland from Quanzhou Bay to be reasonably safe from typhoons.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, “Fujian”, in China, DK, →OCLC, page 297, column 1",
          "text": "Located on the Jin River, Quanzhou was China’s principal port during the Song and Yuan dynasties.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 February 8, Kelvin Chen, “Swiss parliamentarian delegation visits Taiwan's Kinmen”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2023-03-08, Politics",
          "text": "He said that four years ago, the island began receiving water from the Jin River, in Quanzhou, China, and now 70-80% of Kinmen's water comes from China.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A river (Jin River, 晉江/晋江 (Jìnjiāng)) in Quanzhou Municipality, Fujian, China, emptying into the Taiwan Strait."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "晉江",
          "晉江#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "晋江",
          "晋江#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Quanzhou",
          "Quanzhou"
        ],
        [
          "Municipality",
          "municipality"
        ],
        [
          "Fujian",
          "Fujian"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Taiwan Strait",
          "Taiwan Strait"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ],
        [
          "imperial",
          "imperial"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "center",
          "center"
        ],
        [
          "Linfen",
          "Linfen"
        ],
        [
          "Shanxi",
          "Shanxi"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Linfen, Shanxi."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Former name of Linfen as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Linfen",
          "Linfen#English"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ],
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Former name of Linfen as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "realm",
          "realm"
        ],
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "century",
          "century"
        ],
        [
          "Shaanxi",
          "Shaanxi"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal"
        ],
        [
          "Tang",
          "Tang"
        ],
        [
          "their",
          "their"
        ],
        [
          "overthrow",
          "overthrow"
        ],
        [
          "Later Liang",
          "Later Liang"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An realm in early-10th century Shaanxi loyal to the Tang after their overthrow by the Later Liang."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Later Jin, a short-lived empire in 10th-century Shaanxi; the 930s and '40s, the era of this empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Later Jin",
          "Later Jin"
        ],
        [
          "short-lived",
          "short-lived"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "century",
          "century"
        ],
        [
          "Shaanxi",
          "Shaanxi"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) The Later Jin, a short-lived empire in 10th-century Shaanxi; the 930s and '40s, the era of this empire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Shi: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Shi",
          "Shi#English"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Shi: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the dynasty which ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Shi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese dialect family (code cjy) spoken by about 45 million people in Shanxi and adjacent provinces."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "dialect",
          "dialect"
        ],
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ],
        [
          "code",
          "code"
        ],
        [
          "cjy",
          "cjy"
        ],
        [
          "spoken",
          "spoken"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ],
        [
          "million",
          "million"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "Shanxi",
          "Shanxi"
        ],
        [
          "adjacent",
          "adjacent"
        ],
        [
          "province",
          "province"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) A Chinese dialect family (code cjy) spoken by about 45 million people in Shanxi and adjacent provinces."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪn/"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jĭn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "empire & era",
      "word": "Sima Jin"
    },
    {
      "sense": "empire & era",
      "word": "Liang Jin"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Shanxinese river",
      "word": "Jinshui"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jinjiang"
      ],
      "word": "Fujianese river"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jinzhou"
      ],
      "word": "prefecture & its seat"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Jin Chinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Jinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Shanxinese"
    },
    {
      "sense": "dialect family",
      "word": "Shanxi dialect"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Korean",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English terms derived from Korean",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ko",
        "3": "진(晉)"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 진(晉) (jin)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Korean 진(晉) (jin).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Korean surname."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Korean",
          "Korean"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Korean surname)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English quotations with omitted translation",
    "English terms borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English terms derived from Jurchen",
    "English terms derived from Mandarin",
    "English terms with quotations",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Translation table header lacks gloss",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "金"
      },
      "expansion": "金",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn",
        "3": "金",
        "lit": "gold, golden",
        "tr": "Jīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "juc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Jurchen",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "按出虎"
      },
      "expansion": "按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”). As a surname, legendarily derived from the descendants of Shaohao who took a golden phoenix as their tribal emblem. As an area and town in Shaanxi, named for the placer deposits of gold on the Yue River. As a Jurchen empire and dynastic name, a Chinese calque of Jurchen name of the Ashi River within modern Harbin, preserved in Chinese transcription as 按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ) (Middle Chinese: ʔan-tsyhwit-xu). As a Manchu empire and dynastic name, an early continuation of the former Jurchen name prior to the 1636 proclamation of the Qing.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname, given 29th among the Hundred Family Surnames."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prefecture of imperial China centered on Ankang, Shaanxi."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ],
        [
          "imperial",
          "imperial"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "center",
          "center"
        ],
        [
          "Ankang",
          "Ankang"
        ],
        [
          "Shaanxi",
          "Shaanxi"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Ankang, Shaanxi."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Former name of Ankang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Ankang",
          "Ankang#English"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ],
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Former name of Ankang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "en:Places in China",
        "en:Polities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ],
        [
          "establish",
          "establish"
        ],
        [
          "invasion",
          "invasion"
        ],
        [
          "Liao",
          "Liao"
        ],
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan"
        ],
        [
          "Jurchen",
          "Jurchen"
        ],
        [
          "overthrown",
          "overthrown"
        ],
        [
          "Mongols",
          "Mongols"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Wanyan: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan#English"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Wanyan: the dynasty which ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the dynasty which ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Wanyan"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with uncommon senses",
        "en:Ethnography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Jurchen: the Tungusic people who ruled this empire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ethnography",
          "ethnography"
        ],
        [
          "Jurchen",
          "Jurchen#English"
        ],
        [
          "Tungusic",
          "Tungusic"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "this",
          "this"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, ethnography, uncommon) Synonym of Jurchen: the Tungusic people who ruled this empire."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the Tungusic people who ruled this empire",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Jurchen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "uncommon"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anthropology",
        "ethnography",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The 12th to early 13th century, the era during which the Wanyan clan were the legitimate emperors of northern China."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "early",
          "early"
        ],
        [
          "century",
          "century"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "Wanyan",
          "Wanyan"
        ],
        [
          "clan",
          "clan"
        ],
        [
          "legitimate",
          "legitimate"
        ],
        [
          "emperor",
          "emperor"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "chiefly Chinese contexts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, chiefly Chinese contexts) The 12th to early 13th century, the era during which the Wanyan clan were the legitimate emperors of northern China."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Qing: the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Qing",
          "Qing#English"
        ],
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "empire",
          "empire"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "era",
          "era"
        ],
        [
          "year",
          "year"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ],
        [
          "formal",
          "formal"
        ],
        [
          "declaration",
          "declaration"
        ],
        [
          "Qing",
          "Qing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Qing: the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the Chinese empire, dynasty, and era, (particularly) during the years 1616 to 1636, prior to the formal declaration of the Qing",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Qing"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "Korean equivalent",
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Kim"
    },
    {
      "english": "Cantonese equivalent",
      "tags": [
        "surname"
      ],
      "word": "Kam"
    },
    {
      "sense": "prefecture & its seat",
      "word": "Jinzhou"
    },
    {
      "sense": "prefecture & its seat",
      "word": "Xicheng"
    },
    {
      "sense": "empire & era",
      "word": "Jurchen"
    },
    {
      "sense": "empire & era",
      "word": "Jurchen Jin"
    },
    {
      "sense": "empire & era",
      "word": "Jinn"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "alt": "きん, Kin",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "word": "金"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Cambridge University Press",
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Chinese surname)",
    "Jin Prefecture (Shaanxi)",
    "Jurchen Jin",
    "Linfen"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Chinese",
    "English terms derived from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "錦",
        "tr": "Jǐn"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 錦/锦 (Jǐn).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (錦江) in Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces in China, emptying into the Bei or North River."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "錦",
          "錦"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangxi",
          "Jiangxi"
        ],
        [
          "Guangdong",
          "Guangdong"
        ],
        [
          "province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Bei",
          "Bei"
        ],
        [
          "North",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (錦江) in Sichuan Province, China, emptying into the Min River."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "錦",
          "錦"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Sichuan",
          "Sichuan"
        ],
        [
          "Province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Min",
          "Min"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A prefecture of imperial China centered on Luyang, Hunan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ],
        [
          "imperial",
          "imperial"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "center",
          "center"
        ],
        [
          "Luyang",
          "Luyang"
        ],
        [
          "Hunan",
          "Hunan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A prefecture of imperial China centered on Luyang, Hunan."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Former name of Luyang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Luyang",
          "Luyang#English"
        ],
        [
          "seat",
          "seat"
        ],
        [
          "prefecture",
          "prefecture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Former name of Luyang as the seat of the prefecture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jinjiang"
      ],
      "word": "rivers"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Jianxinese river",
      "word": "Changjiang Creek"
    },
    {
      "english": "upper course",
      "sense": "Jianxinese river",
      "word": "River"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jinzhou"
      ],
      "word": "prefecture & seat"
    },
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin Prefecture (Hunan)",
    "Jin River (Bei River)",
    "Jin River (Sichuan)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Chinese",
    "English terms derived from Hanyu Pinyin",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 5,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cmn-pinyin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hanyu Pinyin",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "靳",
        "tr": "Jìn"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 靳 (Jìn)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 靳 (Jìn). As a surname, legendarily derived from Zhurong.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Chinese surname."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Chinese",
          "Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A river (靳江) in Hunan Province, China, emptying into the Xiang River."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "靳",
          "靳"
        ],
        [
          "江",
          "江"
        ],
        [
          "Hunan",
          "Hunan"
        ],
        [
          "Province",
          "province"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "empty",
          "empty"
        ],
        [
          "Xiang",
          "Xiang"
        ],
        [
          "River",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Jinjiang"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Chinese surname)",
    "Jin River (Hunan)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms derived from Chinese",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English terms derived from Korean",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Jinhan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 6,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ko",
        "3": "진"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 진 (jin)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "辰",
        "t": "5th earthly branch"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "震"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 震",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "陳"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 陳/陈 (chén)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "秦"
      },
      "expansion": "秦 (Qín)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "眞"
      },
      "expansion": "眞/真 (zhēn)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the revised romanization of Korean 진 (jin). As an ancient kingdom, originally from Chinese 辰 (chén, “5th earthly branch”), possibly used by the ancient state from its association with \"east\". As the medieval precursor of Balhae, originally Chinese 震, possibly intended as a variant of the original state's name (Middle Chinese: dzyin) or to signify \"thunderclap\", \"shock\", \"tremor\", etc. As a surname, the modern Korean form of originally separate names derived from Chinese 陳/陈 (chén), 秦 (Qín), 眞/真 (zhēn), as well as 晉 above.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An ancient state or tribal confederation in northern Korea."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "Korea",
          "Korea"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An ancient state or tribal confederation in northern Korea."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of Balhae, a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Balhae",
          "Balhae#English"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "Korean",
          "Korean"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "AD",
          "AD"
        ],
        [
          "founding",
          "founding"
        ],
        [
          "renaming",
          "renaming"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Synonym of Balhae, a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "a northern Korean state, (particularly) between its AD 698 founding and 712 renaming",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "Balhae"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Korean surname."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Korean",
          "Korean"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin",
    "Jin (Korean state)",
    "Jin (Korean surname)"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms derived from Japanese",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Chinese dynasties",
    "en:History of China"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 7,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "仁",
        "lit": "benevolence",
        "t": "Jin"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Japanese 仁 (“Jin”, literally “benevolence”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Japanese male given name."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Japanese",
          "Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kin"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Jin"
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Jin",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "じん"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese non-lemma forms",
        "Japanese romanizations",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rōmaji transcription of じん"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rōmaji",
          "romaji"
        ],
        [
          "じん",
          "じん#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Rōmaji",
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Jin"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.