See Grad on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "ru",
"3": "Град",
"4": "",
"5": "codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher"
},
"expansion": "Russian Град (Grad, “codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "град",
"4": "",
"5": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Russian град (grad, “hail”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian Град (Grad, “codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher”), from Russian град (grad, “hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Grads",
"tags": [
"plural"
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{
"ref": "1989: Jane’s Defence Weekly, v 12, Coulsdon, UK: Jane’s, p 1050",
"text": "It supplements the 220 mm BM-22 Uragan (‘Hurricane’) and 122 mm BM-21 Grad (‘Hail’) MRLs, already in service."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Field Artillery Association (U.S.), Field Artillery, page 7:",
"text": "The MRL systems Smerch, Uragan, and Grad are designed to destroy concentrations of personnel and various vehicles at distances up to 70 kilometers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Olga Oliker, Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat, Santa Monica, California: Rand, page 29:",
"text": "The Russians fought back with Grad rocket-launcher salvos and mortar attacks (they also made some use of armor).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Rockets from Gaza: Harm to Civilians from Palestinian Armed Groups’ Rocket Attacks, New York: Human Rights Watch, page 22:",
"text": "“[w]e saw Hamas come and put up rocket launchers and fire. We could tell they were Grads by the sound, which is louder and deeper than that of Qassams.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of Soviet artillery multiple rocket launcher, or a rocket fired by this."
],
"id": "en-Grad-en-noun-ibPQisRK",
"links": [
[
"multiple rocket launcher",
"multiple rocket launcher"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "BM-21"
},
{
"word": "Katyusha"
},
{
"word": "grad"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"word": "Qrad"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Hrad",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "Grad",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Gurādo",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"word": "グラート"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "Grad",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "uk",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
}
]
}
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"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑd"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æd"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
}
],
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"4": "",
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "gradus",
"4": "",
"5": "a step"
},
"expansion": "Latin gradus (“a step”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
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]
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{
"form": "Grade",
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]
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{
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"plural"
]
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{
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]
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{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"nominative",
"plural"
]
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{
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"plural"
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{
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{
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"genitive",
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]
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{
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Graden",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
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"definite",
"plural"
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{
"form": "Grad",
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]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
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],
"head_templates": [
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},
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{
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],
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{
"word": "Breitengrad"
},
{
"word": "Grad Celsius"
},
{
"word": "Gradmesser"
},
{
"word": "Längengrad"
},
{
"word": "Quadratgrad"
},
{
"word": "Steigerungsgrad"
},
{
"word": "Vergleichungsgrad"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "0 Grad Celsius (0°C) sind 273,15 Kelvin.\nZero degrees Celsius (0°C) are 273.15 Kelvin.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"degree"
],
"id": "en-Grad-de-noun-swin9Du6",
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
]
],
"tags": [
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"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁaːt/"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-Grad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/De-at-Grad.ogg/De-at-Grad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/De-at-Grad.ogg"
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{
"audio": "De-Grad.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-Grad.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Grat"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːt"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From grad.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradów",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowie",
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"tags": [
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"vocative"
]
}
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{
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}
],
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"a male surname"
],
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[
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"surname"
]
],
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"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
},
{
"homophone": "grat"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From grad.",
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},
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Grad-pl-name-yitEyztR",
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[
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]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
},
{
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},
{
"homophone": "grat"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"2": "m-an"
},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "sl",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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]
],
"tags": [
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"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
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{
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"2": "ru",
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"4": "",
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},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "град",
"4": "",
"5": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Russian град (grad, “hail”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian Град (Grad, “codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher”), from Russian град (grad, “hail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Grads",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian terms with redundant script codes",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/æd",
"Rhymes:English/æd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑd",
"Rhymes:English/ɑd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989: Jane’s Defence Weekly, v 12, Coulsdon, UK: Jane’s, p 1050",
"text": "It supplements the 220 mm BM-22 Uragan (‘Hurricane’) and 122 mm BM-21 Grad (‘Hail’) MRLs, already in service."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Field Artillery Association (U.S.), Field Artillery, page 7:",
"text": "The MRL systems Smerch, Uragan, and Grad are designed to destroy concentrations of personnel and various vehicles at distances up to 70 kilometers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Olga Oliker, Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat, Santa Monica, California: Rand, page 29:",
"text": "The Russians fought back with Grad rocket-launcher salvos and mortar attacks (they also made some use of armor).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Rockets from Gaza: Harm to Civilians from Palestinian Armed Groups’ Rocket Attacks, New York: Human Rights Watch, page 22:",
"text": "“[w]e saw Hamas come and put up rocket launchers and fire. We could tell they were Grads by the sound, which is louder and deeper than that of Qassams.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of Soviet artillery multiple rocket launcher, or a rocket fired by this."
],
"links": [
[
"multiple rocket launcher",
"multiple rocket launcher"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹɑd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹæd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑd"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æd"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "BM-21"
},
{
"word": "Katyusha"
},
{
"word": "grad"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"word": "Qrad"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "Hrad",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "Grad",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Gurādo",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"word": "グラート"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "Grad",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "Hrad",
"sense": "rocket launcher",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Град"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Breitengrad"
},
{
"word": "Grad Celsius"
},
{
"word": "Gradmesser"
},
{
"word": "Längengrad"
},
{
"word": "Quadratgrad"
},
{
"word": "Steigerungsgrad"
},
{
"word": "Vergleichungsgrad"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "grade",
"4": "",
"5": "a grade, degree"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "gradus",
"4": "",
"5": "a step"
},
"expansion": "Latin gradus (“a step”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Grades",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Grads",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grads",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Graden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Grade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(e)s,e:-"
},
"expansion": "Grad m (strong, genitive Grades or Grads, plural Grade or Grad)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(e)s,e:-"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German nouns",
"German terms borrowed from French",
"German terms derived from French",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms with homophones",
"German terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:German/aːt",
"Rhymes:German/aːt/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "0 Grad Celsius (0°C) sind 273,15 Kelvin.\nZero degrees Celsius (0°C) are 273.15 Kelvin.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"degree"
],
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁaːt/"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-Grad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/De-at-Grad.ogg/De-at-Grad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/De-at-Grad.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De-Grad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-Grad.ogg/De-Grad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-Grad.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Grat"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːt"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/at",
"Rhymes:Polish/at/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_text": "From grad.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Grad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Grada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Gradowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Grad m pers",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Grad"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Gradowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
},
{
"homophone": "grat"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/at",
"Rhymes:Polish/at/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_text": "From grad.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Grad f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Grad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrat/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-at"
},
{
"homophone": "grad"
},
{
"homophone": "grat"
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Grad",
"2": "m-an"
},
"expansion": "Grad m anim",
"name": "sl-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for accents in Slovene entries",
"Slovene animate nouns",
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene masculine animate nouns",
"Slovene masculine nouns",
"Slovene proper nouns",
"Slovene surnames",
"Slovene terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Grad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Grad meaning in All languages combined (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.