See Cossack on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "From Middle French cosaque, from Middle Polish Kozak, from Old Ukrainian коза́къ (kozák), from Kipchak *qazaq (whence Armeno-Kipchak խազախ (xazax)), from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰴 (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰢𐰴 (qazmaq, “to dig out”), from Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-. Doublet of Kazakh. First appears c. 1587 in the writings of George Turberville.",
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "67 8 5 10 10",
"word": "Cossackdom"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 8 5 10 10",
"word": "Cossack green"
},
{
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"word": "Cossack hat"
},
{
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"word": "Cossack post"
},
{
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"word": "decossackization"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-tdd4DTPk",
"links": [
[
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"nomadic"
],
[
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe"
],
[
"runaway",
"runaway"
],
[
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth",
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
],
[
"tsarist",
"tsarist"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "67 8 5 10 10",
"word": "gussuk"
},
{
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"word": "Kazakh"
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{
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"word": "Kazakhstan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "42 15 8 17 17",
"word": "cossack"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 15 8 17 17",
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 15 8 17 17",
"english": "in Ukrainian contexts",
"word": "Kozak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A member of a military unit (typically cavalry, originally recruited exclusively from the above)."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-pVPRk9-T",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "quzāq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُوزَاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
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"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
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"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥薩克"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gēsàkè",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥萨克"
},
{
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"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "qazaq"
},
{
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"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
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"word": "kosak"
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{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
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"word": "Kozak"
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{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakas"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳazaḳi",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "კაზაკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Kozákos",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Κοζάκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוזאק"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kozāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कोज़ाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kazāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कज़ाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
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"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kajāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कजाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosacco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosakku",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "コサック"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xazg",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хазг"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kajakeu",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "카자크"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazaks"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazokas"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "коꙁакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qazax",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хъазах"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kozaczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "kasāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਕਸਾਕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "cazac"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "dated spelling",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosack"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qazaq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Cô-dắc"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosac"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xazag",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "ᡍᠠᠴᠠᡎ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozako"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 51 4 9 9",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozakn",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "קאָזאַקן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 3 37 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Ruthenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 69 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Ukrainian."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-6W7FJkBu",
"links": [
[
"Ukrainian",
"Ukrainian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A Ukrainian."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 3 37 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Ruthenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Interesting facts”, in A Brief History of Coal Mining, Reclamation and Regulation in Pennsylvania, archived from the original on 2006-05-12:",
"text": "1865 The Coal and Iron Police are authorized by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to maintain order in the coal fields. The miners referred to these private policemen as \"Cossacks\" and \"Yellow Dogs.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1906, Mildren Allen Beik, “Chapter 3: State Police Called in”, in Remembering the Strike for Union in 1906 in Windber, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection:",
"text": "Southern and eastern European miners and other workers popularly referred to these hated troops as \"Cossacks\" because they acted like the similarly repressive troops used by the czar against workers in Russia during the Revolution of 1905 and on other occasions. \"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Jerome Bixby, Star Trek episode “Day of the Dove”, spoken by Ens. Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig), Culver City, Calif.: Desilu Studios; distributed by w:Paramount Television, published 1969:",
"text": "COMMANDER KANG (Michael Ansara): We have no devil, Kirk. But we understand the habits of yours. I shall torture you to death one by one until your noble captain cries enough. Who will be first",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Henry Abramson, “Who Were the Cossacks?”, in My Jewish Learning:",
"text": "The term “cossacks” is used to describe a class of 17th century Ukrainians, largely peasants, who separated from the burdens of traditional peasant life to form rebel communities at the furthest reaches of Polish-controlled territory. Ukrainians view them as exemplars of their unique national spirit: heroic, non-conformist, and fiercely independent, defending Ukrainian national sovereignty from all enemies. But for Jews, Cossacks are symbols of fear and hatred, the perpetrators of centuries of brutal pogroms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-QS6K6So9",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary"
],
[
"persecute",
"persecute"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"massacres",
"massacres"
],
[
"pogroms",
"pogroms"
],
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
],
[
"security guard",
"security guard"
],
[
"strike-breaking",
"strike-breaking"
],
[
"thug",
"thug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 3 37 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Ruthenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
"* see: Pinkerton"
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-TeGQyKSs",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary"
],
[
"persecute",
"persecute"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"massacres",
"massacres"
],
[
"pogroms",
"pogroms"
],
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
],
[
"security guard",
"security guard"
],
[
"strike-breaking",
"strike-breaking"
],
[
"thug",
"thug"
],
[
"Pinkerton",
"Pinkerton#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
"* see: Pinkerton"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Armeno-Kipchak",
"Cossack",
"George Turberville"
],
"word": "Cossack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Kipchak",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Middle Polish",
"English terms derived from Old Turkic",
"English terms derived from Old Ukrainian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Slovak translations",
"Requests for review of Slovene translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Old Ruthenian translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:History of Russia",
"en:History of Ukraine",
"en:Russia",
"en:Ukraine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Cossackdom"
},
{
"word": "Cossack green"
},
{
"word": "Cossack hat"
},
{
"word": "Cossack post"
},
{
"word": "decossackization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cosaque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cosaque",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-mpl",
"3": "Kozak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish Kozak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "коза́къ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian коза́къ (kozák)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "",
"4": "*qazaq"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak *qazaq",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "otk",
"3": "𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸",
"t": "profiteer",
"tr": "*qazǧaq"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kaŕ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Kazakh"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Kazakh",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French cosaque, from Middle Polish Kozak, from Old Ukrainian коза́къ (kozák), from Kipchak *qazaq (whence Armeno-Kipchak խազախ (xazax)), from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰴 (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰢𐰴 (qazmaq, “to dig out”), from Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-. Doublet of Kazakh. First appears c. 1587 in the writings of George Turberville.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cossacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Cossack (plural Cossacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cos‧sack"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gussuk"
},
{
"word": "Kazakh"
},
{
"word": "Kazakhstan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine."
],
"links": [
[
"nomadic",
"nomadic"
],
[
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe"
],
[
"runaway",
"runaway"
],
[
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth",
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
],
[
"tsarist",
"tsarist"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A member of a military unit (typically cavalry, originally recruited exclusively from the above)."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A Ukrainian."
],
"links": [
[
"Ukrainian",
"Ukrainian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A Ukrainian."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Interesting facts”, in A Brief History of Coal Mining, Reclamation and Regulation in Pennsylvania, archived from the original on 2006-05-12:",
"text": "1865 The Coal and Iron Police are authorized by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to maintain order in the coal fields. The miners referred to these private policemen as \"Cossacks\" and \"Yellow Dogs.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1906, Mildren Allen Beik, “Chapter 3: State Police Called in”, in Remembering the Strike for Union in 1906 in Windber, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection:",
"text": "Southern and eastern European miners and other workers popularly referred to these hated troops as \"Cossacks\" because they acted like the similarly repressive troops used by the czar against workers in Russia during the Revolution of 1905 and on other occasions. \"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Jerome Bixby, Star Trek episode “Day of the Dove”, spoken by Ens. Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig), Culver City, Calif.: Desilu Studios; distributed by w:Paramount Television, published 1969:",
"text": "COMMANDER KANG (Michael Ansara): We have no devil, Kirk. But we understand the habits of yours. I shall torture you to death one by one until your noble captain cries enough. Who will be first",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Henry Abramson, “Who Were the Cossacks?”, in My Jewish Learning:",
"text": "The term “cossacks” is used to describe a class of 17th century Ukrainians, largely peasants, who separated from the burdens of traditional peasant life to form rebel communities at the furthest reaches of Polish-controlled territory. Ukrainians view them as exemplars of their unique national spirit: heroic, non-conformist, and fiercely independent, defending Ukrainian national sovereignty from all enemies. But for Jews, Cossacks are symbols of fear and hatred, the perpetrators of centuries of brutal pogroms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary"
],
[
"persecute",
"persecute"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"massacres",
"massacres"
],
[
"pogroms",
"pogroms"
],
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
],
[
"security guard",
"security guard"
],
[
"strike-breaking",
"strike-breaking"
],
[
"thug",
"thug"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
"* see: Pinkerton"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary"
],
[
"persecute",
"persecute"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"massacres",
"massacres"
],
[
"pogroms",
"pogroms"
],
[
"police officer",
"police officer"
],
[
"security guard",
"security guard"
],
[
"strike-breaking",
"strike-breaking"
],
[
"thug",
"thug"
],
[
"Pinkerton",
"Pinkerton#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
"* see: Pinkerton"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔsˌæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cossack"
},
{
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"english": "in Ukrainian contexts",
"word": "Kozak"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "quzāq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُوزَاق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥薩克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gēsàkè",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥萨克"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "qazaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosaque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳazaḳi",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "კაზაკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Kozákos",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Κοζάκος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוזאק"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kozāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कोज़ाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kazāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कज़ाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kajāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कजाक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosacco"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosakku",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "コサック"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xazg",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хазг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kajakeu",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "카자크"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazaks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazokas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "коꙁакъ"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qazax",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хъазах"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kozaczka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "kasāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਕਸਾਕ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "cazac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "dated spelling",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosack"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qazaq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коза́чка"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Cô-dắc"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosac"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xazag",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "ᡍᠠᠴᠠᡎ"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozako"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozakn",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "קאָזאַקן"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Armeno-Kipchak",
"Cossack",
"George Turberville"
],
"word": "Cossack"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Cossack meaning in All languages combined (20.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"Cossack"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Cossack",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 1"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"Cossack"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Cossack",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.