See Cossack on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Cossack meaning in All languages combined (23.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cosaque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cosaque",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zlw-mpl",
"3": "Kozak"
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish Kozak",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "коза́къ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian коза́къ (kozák)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "",
"4": "*qazaq"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak *qazaq",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "խազախ"
},
"expansion": "խազախ (xazax)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "otk",
"3": "𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸",
"t": "profiteer",
"tr": "*qazǧaq"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰴",
"t": "to acquire",
"tr": "qazǧanmaq"
},
"expansion": "𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰴 (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰴𐰔𐰢𐰴",
"t": "to dig out",
"tr": "qazmaq"
},
"expansion": "𐰴𐰔𐰢𐰴 (qazmaq, “to dig out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kaŕ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Kazakh"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Kazakh",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Circa 1600, from Middle French cosaque, from Middle Polish Kozak, from Old Ukrainian коза́къ (kozák), from Kipchak *qazaq (whence Armeno-Kipchak խազախ (xazax)), from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰸 (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰢𐰴 (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”), from 𐰴𐰔𐰢𐰴 (qazmaq, “to dig out”), from Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-. Doublet of Kazakh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cossacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Cossack (plural Cossacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cos‧sack"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 8 5 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 6 1 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 3 4 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 3 12 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 4 6 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 32 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ethnonyms",
"orig": "en:Ethnonyms",
"parents": [
"Ethnicity",
"Names",
"People",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 0 2 0 2",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "en:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 0 7 1 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ukraine",
"orig": "en:Ukraine",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Cossackdom"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Cossack green"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Cossack hat"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Cossack post"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "decossackization"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-tdd4DTPk",
"links": [
[
"nomadic",
"nomadic"
],
[
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe"
],
[
"runaway",
"runaway"
],
[
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth",
"Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
],
[
"tsarist",
"tsarist"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "gussuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Kazakh"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 5 4 15 15",
"word": "Kazakhstan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "40 7 6 23 23",
"word": "cossack"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 7 6 23 23",
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 7 6 23 23",
"word": "Kozak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A member of a military unit (typically cavalry, originally recruited exclusively from the above)."
],
"id": "en-Cossack-en-noun-pVPRk9-T",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "quzāq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُوزَاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥薩克"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gēsàkè",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥萨克"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "qazaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakas"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳazaḳi",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "კაზაკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Kozákos",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Κοζάκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוזאק"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kozāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कोज़ाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kazāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कज़ाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kajāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कजाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosacco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosakku",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "コサック"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xazg",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хазг"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kajakeu",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "카자크"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazaks"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazokas"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "коꙁакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qazax",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хъазах"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kozaczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "kasāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਕਸਾਕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "cazac"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "dated spelling",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosack"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qazaq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коза́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Cô-dắc"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosac"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xazag",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "ᡍᠠᠴᠠᡎ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63 0 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "hy",
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"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "ca",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 41 3 13 13",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozakn",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "קאָזאַקן"
}
]
},
{
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{
"_dis": "39 3 32 13 13",
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"ref": "1865, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, “Interesting facts”, in A Brief History of Coal Mining, Reclamation and Regulation in Pennsylvania, archived from the original on 2006-05-12",
"text": "1865 The Coal and Iron Police are authorized by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to maintain order in the coal fields. The miners referred to these private policemen as \"Cossacks\" and \"Yellow Dogs.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1906, Mildren Allen Beik, “Chapter 3: State Police Called in”, in Remembering the Strike for Union in 1906 in Windber, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection",
"text": "Southern and eastern European miners and other workers popularly referred to these hated troops as \"Cossacks\" because they acted like the similarly repressive troops used by the czar against workers in Russia during the Revolution of 1905 and on other occasions. \"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1969, Jerome Bixby, Star Trek episode “Day of the Dove”, spoken by Ens. Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig), Culver City, Calif.: Desilu Studios; distributed by w:Paramount Television, published 1969",
"text": "COMMANDER KANG (Michael Ansara): We have no devil, Kirk. But we understand the habits of yours. I shall torture you to death one by one until your noble captain cries enough. Who will be firstCHEKOV (Walter Koenig): Cossacks! Filthy Klingon murderers! You killed my brother Piotr. The Archanis Four research outpost. A hundred peaceful people massacred! Just like you did here. My brother, you killed my brother.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Henry Abramson, “Who Were the Cossacks?”, in My Jewish Learning",
"text": "The term “cossacks” is used to describe a class of 17th century Ukrainians, largely peasants, who separated from the burdens of traditional peasant life to form rebel communities at the furthest reaches of Polish-controlled territory. Ukrainians view them as exemplars of their unique national spirit: heroic, non-conformist, and fiercely independent, defending Ukrainian national sovereignty from all enemies. But for Jews, Cossacks are symbols of fear and hatred, the perpetrators of centuries of brutal pogroms.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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{
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Doublet of Kazakh",
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}
],
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}
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},
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}
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
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{
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Henry Abramson, “Who Were the Cossacks?”, in My Jewish Learning",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
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"links": [
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"(derogatory) A mercenary; a regular or irregular soldier employed to persecute or oppress disfavoured groups, or in massacres of such groups, such as in anti-Jewish pogroms; a police officer or private security guard, particularly one used in strike-breaking; a violent thug.",
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},
{
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],
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{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
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"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُوزَاق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥薩克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gēsàkè",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "哥萨克"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "qazaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kasakka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosaque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳazaḳi",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "კაზაკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Kozákos",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Κοζάκος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוזאק"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kozāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कोज़ाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kazāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "कज़ाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kajāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कजाक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosacco"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosakku",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "コサック"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xazg",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хазг"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kajakeu",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "카자크"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazaks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kazokas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosakk"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "коꙁакъ"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "kozakŭ",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "qazax",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "хъазах"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kozaczka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "kasāk",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਕਸਾਕ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "cazac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каза́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "dated spelling",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kazáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "каза́чка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Козак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kozak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kozáčka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kosack"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qazaq",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "казак"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozáčka",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "коза́чка"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "kazak"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "Cô-dắc"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cosac"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xazag",
"sense": "member of a population",
"word": "ᡍᠠᠴᠠᡎ"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a population",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kazak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "կազակ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosac"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosaca"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosaque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosak"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kósakki"
},
{
"code": "zle-ort",
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "козакъ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qazzâq",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "قزاق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cossaco"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozák"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"word": "Kosako"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kozák",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коза́к"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozak",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָזאַק"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kozakn",
"sense": "member of a Cossack military unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "קאָזאַקן"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Armeno-Kipchak",
"Cossack",
"Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
],
"word": "Cossack"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.