See -алка on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -алка meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "-ало (-alo)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-алка"
},
"expansion": "-алка (-alka)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духам",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "духам (duham, “to blow”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духало",
"3": "",
"4": "blower"
},
"expansion": "духало (duhalo, “blower”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духалка",
"3": "",
"4": "fan, ventilator"
},
"expansion": "духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-ib836wMP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 18 21 12 12 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-tSlADSZr",
"links": [
[
"гриза",
"гриза#Bulgarian"
],
[
"гризалка",
"гризалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 18 21 12 12 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-Nm8xDSei",
"links": [
[
"снова",
"снова#Bulgarian"
],
[
"сновалка",
"сновалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 18 21 12 12 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-SXW2MjsY",
"links": [
[
"ближа",
"ближа#Bulgarian"
],
[
"близалка",
"близалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 18 21 12 12 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-RjwvV9ts",
"links": [
[
"пиша",
"пиша#Bulgarian"
],
[
"писалка",
"писалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 18 21 12 12 18 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 12 10 7 27 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-PMS9wd~t",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-s1S60dg2",
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-lg6hjJ3r",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вее (vee) + -алка (-alka) → веалка f (vealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "грее (gree) + -алка (-alka) → греалка f (grealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "дига (diga) + -алка (-alka) → дигалка f (digalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "меша (meša) + -алка (-alka) → мешалка f (mešalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "сука (suka) + -алка (-alka) → сукалка f (sukalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "цеди (cedi) + -алка (-alka) → цедалка f (cedalka)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to verbs, forms feminine nouns, most often tools related to an action."
],
"id": "en--алка-mk-suffix-XykXtI4x",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɫka]"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "-ало (-alo)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-алка"
},
"expansion": "-алка (-alka)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духам",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow"
},
"expansion": "духам (duham, “to blow”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духало",
"3": "",
"4": "blower"
},
"expansion": "духало (duhalo, “blower”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "духалка",
"3": "",
"4": "fan, ventilator"
},
"expansion": "духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
],
"links": [
[
"гриза",
"гриза#Bulgarian"
],
[
"гризалка",
"гризалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
],
"links": [
[
"снова",
"снова#Bulgarian"
],
[
"сновалка",
"сновалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ближа",
"ближа#Bulgarian"
],
[
"близалка",
"близалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
],
"links": [
[
"пиша",
"пиша#Bulgarian"
],
[
"писалка",
"писалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian doublets",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine suffixes",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian noun-forming suffixes",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian suffixes",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вее (vee) + -алка (-alka) → веалка f (vealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "грее (gree) + -алка (-alka) → греалка f (grealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "дига (diga) + -алка (-alka) → дигалка f (digalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "меша (meša) + -алка (-alka) → мешалка f (mešalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "сука (suka) + -алка (-alka) → сукалка f (sukalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "цеди (cedi) + -алка (-alka) → цедалка f (cedalka)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to verbs, forms feminine nouns, most often tools related to an action."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɫka]"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.