See -алка on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 32 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 12 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
},
{
"text": "гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
},
{
"text": "снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
},
{
"text": "ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
},
{
"text": "пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-ib836wMP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 32 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 12 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-PMS9wd~t",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 32 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 12 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-s1S60dg2",
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 32 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 12 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 12 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-lg6hjJ3r",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вее (vee) + -алка (-alka) → веалка f (vealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "грее (gree) + -алка (-alka) → греалка f (grealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "дига (diga) + -алка (-alka) → дигалка f (digalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "меша (meša) + -алка (-alka) → мешалка f (mešalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "сука (suka) + -алка (-alka) → сукалка f (sukalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "цеди (cedi) + -алка (-alka) → цедалка f (cedalka)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to verbs, forms feminine nouns, most often tools related to an action."
],
"id": "en--алка-mk-suffix-XykXtI4x",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɫka]"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
},
{
"text": "гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
},
{
"text": "снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
},
{
"text": "ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
},
{
"text": "пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian doublets",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine suffixes",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian noun-forming suffixes",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian suffixes",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вее (vee) + -алка (-alka) → веалка f (vealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "грее (gree) + -алка (-alka) → греалка f (grealka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "дига (diga) + -алка (-alka) → дигалка f (digalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "меша (meša) + -алка (-alka) → мешалка f (mešalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "сука (suka) + -алка (-alka) → сукалка f (sukalka)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "цеди (cedi) + -алка (-alka) → цедалка f (cedalka)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to verbs, forms feminine nouns, most often tools related to an action."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈaɫka]"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -алка meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.