See -алка in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-ib836wMP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 22 15 15 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-tSlADSZr",
"links": [
[
"гриза",
"гриза#Bulgarian"
],
[
"гризалка",
"гризалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 22 15 15 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-Nm8xDSei",
"links": [
[
"снова",
"снова#Bulgarian"
],
[
"сновалка",
"сновалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 22 15 15 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-SXW2MjsY",
"links": [
[
"ближа",
"ближа#Bulgarian"
],
[
"близалка",
"близалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 22 15 15 8 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-RjwvV9ts",
"links": [
[
"пиша",
"пиша#Bulgarian"
],
[
"писалка",
"писалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-PMS9wd~t",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-s1S60dg2",
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 20 12 11 12 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 12 10 8 17 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 19 13 13 12 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-lg6hjJ3r",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ало"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-dlo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-lka",
"word": "-лка"
},
{
"roman": "-lica",
"word": "-лица"
},
{
"roman": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
},
{
"roman": "-elica",
"word": "-елица"
},
{
"roman": "-ilka",
"word": "-илка"
},
{
"roman": "-ulka",
"word": "-улка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
},
{
"text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
},
{
"text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
},
{
"text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
],
"links": [
[
"гриза",
"гриза#Bulgarian"
],
[
"гризалка",
"гризалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
],
"links": [
[
"снова",
"снова#Bulgarian"
],
[
"сновалка",
"сновалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ближа",
"ближа#Bulgarian"
],
[
"близалка",
"близалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
],
"links": [
[
"пиша",
"пиша#Bulgarian"
],
[
"писалка",
"писалка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
},
{
"text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian doublets",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-елка"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-elka",
"word": "-елка"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
},
{
"text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
],
"links": [
[
"-елка",
"-елка#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ал"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ка"
},
"expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-alka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
},
{
"text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "when appended to roots ending in a vowel",
"roman": "-jalka",
"word": "-ялка"
}
],
"word": "-алка"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -алка meaning in Bulgarian (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bulgarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.