"-алка" meaning in Bulgarian

See -алка in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Forms: -alka [romanization], -ялка [alternative]
Etymology: Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.: духам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”). Etymology templates: {{cog|bg|-ало}} Bulgarian -ало (-alo), {{affix|bg|-ка}} -ка (-ka), {{der|bg|sla-pro|*-dlo}} Proto-Slavic *-dlo Head templates: {{head|bg|suffix|g=f}} -алка • (-alka) f
  1. Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--алка-bg-suffix-ib836wMP Categories (other): Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка: 28 32 12 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 30 33 6 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 33 6 30
  2. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--алка-bg-suffix-PMS9wd~t Categories (other): Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header, Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header: 25 40 8 26 Disambiguation of Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка: 28 32 12 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 30 33 6 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 33 6 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -лка (-lka), -лица (-lica), -елка (-elka), -елица (-elica), -илка (-ilka), -улка (-ulka)
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Forms: -alka [romanization], -ялка [alternative]
Etymology: Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects). Etymology templates: {{doublet|bg|-елка}} Doublet of -елка (-elka) Head templates: {{head|bg|suffix|g=f}} -алка • (-alka) f
  1. Alternative form of -елка (-elka) Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -елка (extra: -elka)
    Sense id: en--алка-bg-suffix-s1S60dg2 Categories (other): Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка Disambiguation of Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка: 28 32 12 28
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Forms: -alka [romanization], -ялка [alternative]
Etymology: Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka). Etymology templates: {{cog|bg|-ал}} Bulgarian -ал (-al), {{affix|bg|-ка}} -ка (-ka) Head templates: {{head|bg|suffix|g=f}} -алка • (-alka) f
  1. Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--алка-bg-suffix-lg6hjJ3r Categories (other): Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка: 28 32 12 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 30 33 6 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 33 6 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ало"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ка"
      },
      "expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-dlo"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-lka",
      "word": "-лка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-lica",
      "word": "-лица"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-elka",
      "word": "-елка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-elica",
      "word": "-елица"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ilka",
      "word": "-илка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ulka",
      "word": "-улка"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 32 12 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-ib836wMP",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 40 8 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 32 12 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
      ],
      "id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-PMS9wd~t",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-елка"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "-elka",
          "word": "-елка"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 32 12 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
      ],
      "id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-s1S60dg2",
      "links": [
        [
          "-елка",
          "-елка#Bulgarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ал"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ка"
      },
      "expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 32 12 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 33 6 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--алка-bg-suffix-lg6hjJ3r",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian suffixes",
    "Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ало"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian -ало (-alo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ка"
      },
      "expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-dlo"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-dlo",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ало (-alo) + -ка (-ka), built upon the instrumental suffix Proto-Slavic *-dlo. In some cases, both the base form in -ало (-alo) and the diminutive form in -алка (-alka) are attested, e.g.:\nдухам (duham, “to blow”) → духало (duhalo, “blower”) → духалка (duhalka, “fan, ventilator”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-lka",
      "word": "-лка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-lica",
      "word": "-лица"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-elka",
      "word": "-елка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-elica",
      "word": "-елица"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ilka",
      "word": "-илка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ulka",
      "word": "-улка"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "бухам (buham, “to bat, to swat”) → бухалка (buhalka, “bat, paddle”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "закачам (zakačam, “to hang over, to hook”) → закачалка (zakačalka, “hanger, peg”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пръскам (prǎskam, “to sparkle, to spray”) → пръскалка (prǎskalka, “sprayer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "тупам (tupam, “to beat, to stomp”) → тупалка (tupalka, “beater”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "гриза (griza, “to bite, to fret”) (a/V-conj.) → гризалка (grizalka, “pacifier; small snack”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "снова (snova, “to shunt”) (a/V-conj.) → сновалка (snovalka, “shuttle”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ближа (bliža, “to lick”) (a/j-conj.) → близалка (blizalka, “lollipop”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пиша (piša, “to write”) (a/j-conj.) → писалка (pisalka, “pen”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пърз (pǎrz, “slip”) → *пързам (*pǎrzam) → пързалка (pǎrzalka, “pen”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ключ (ključ, “key”) → ключая (ključaja, “to clink”) (obsolete) → ключалка (ključalka, “latch, keyhole”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or effect nouns, probably via an intermediate (often obsolete) factitive verb."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian doublets",
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian suffixes",
    "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-елка"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of -елка (-elka)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Doublet of -елка (-elka) in palatal environments (where earlier -ѣ- /æ/ becomes -я- /ja/ in Eastern dialects).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "-elka",
          "word": "-елка"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "бръмча (brǎmča, “to buzz”) (ě/i-conj.) → бръмчалка (brǎmčalka, “buzzer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "запуша (zapuša, “to tap, to clog”) (ě/i-conj.) → запушалка (zapušalka, “plug”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -елка (-elka)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-елка",
          "-елка#Bulgarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian feminine suffixes",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian suffixes",
    "Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ка",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ал"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian -ал (-al)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "-ка"
      },
      "expansion": "-ка (-ka)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of Bulgarian -ал (-al) + -ка (-ka).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-alka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ялка",
      "roman": "-jalka",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-алка • (-alka) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вързал (vǎrzal, “knot”) → вързалка (vǎrzalka, “node, tie; elaborate scheme”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "търкал (tǎrkal, “roll, nudge”) → търкалка (tǎrkalka, “rolling, tumbling”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine instrumental or resultant nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-алка"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -алка meaning in Bulgarian (5.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bulgarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.