See -ōs on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*-os>action nouns",
"4": "*-s>nominalizing suffix",
"id": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"3": "*-s",
"alt1": "*(é)-os",
"id1": "athematic",
"pos1": "neuter s-stem",
"pos2": "non-neuter nominative"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"head": "*(é)-ōs"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ōs m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(Ø)-s",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-és"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (action nouns)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ōs-ine-pro-suffix-Pqg0G4rY",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "(é)-ēs"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*-ōs>nouns",
"id": "nouns",
"text": "-"
},
"expansion": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*-ōs",
"sort": "os"
},
"expansion": "*-ōs m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ōs-itc-pro-suffix-63r7LWW3",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*-os>action nouns",
"4": "*-s>nominalizing suffix",
"id": "nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"3": "*-s",
"alt1": "*(é)-os",
"id1": "athematic",
"pos1": "neuter s-stem",
"pos2": "non-neuter nominative"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-oses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-osm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-és",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-ési",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-séh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-smís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-sbʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"head": "*(é)-ōs"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-ōs m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(Ø)-s",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "(Ø)-és"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "(é)-ēs"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (action nouns)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s"
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-or"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -or",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -or"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*-ōs>nouns",
"id": "nouns",
"text": "-"
},
"expansion": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*-ōs",
"sort": "os"
},
"expansion": "*-ōs m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ōs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Italic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Italic suffixes",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Proto-Italic terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"Creates masculine action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ōs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ōs meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.