"黄泉" meaning in All languages combined

See 黄泉 on Wiktionary

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [jo̞mo̞] Forms: 黄泉 [canonical] (ruby: 黄泉(よも)), yomo [romanization]
Etymology: *⟨yo₂mo₂⟩ → */jəmə/ → ⟨yo₂mo⟩ → */jəmo/ → /jomo/ From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE. Appears to be the older combining form of yomi (see below). The ablaut or apophonic form of cognate 山 (yama, “mountain”). Mountains were often used as a place to bury the dead and were strongly associated with the afterlife. Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology. Etymology templates: {{wp|lang=ja}}, {{wp|Yomi}}, {{IPAfont|⟨yo₂mo₂⟩}} ⟨yo₂mo₂⟩, {{IPAfont|⟨yo₂mo⟩}} ⟨yo₂mo⟩, {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=よも}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{m|ja|山||mountain|tr=yama}} 山 (yama, “mountain”), {{obor|ja|zh|黃泉|lit=yellow springs|sort=よも}} Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|よも}} 黄泉(よも) • (yomo)
  1. (Shinto, archaic) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Shinto, Afterlife Derived forms: 黄泉つ (yomo tsu) (ruby: 黄泉(よも)), 黄泉つ軍 (yomo tsu ikusa) (ruby: 黄泉(よも), 軍(いくさ)) (english: army of the dead), 黄泉つ神 (yomo tsu kami) (ruby: 黄泉(よも), 神(かみ)) (english: god of the dead), 黄泉国, 黄泉つ国 (yomo tsu kuni) (english: land of the dead), 黄泉醜女, 黄泉つ醜女 (yomo tsu shikome) (english: demoness inhabitant of the land of the dead), 黄泉つ平坂 (yomo tsu hirasaka) (ruby: 黄泉(よも), 平坂(ひらさか)) (english: hill of the dead, lying between this world and the afterlife), 黄泉竈食, 黄泉つ竈食い (yomo tsu hegui) (english: eat from the kitchen of the dead → dying, death)
    Sense id: en-黄泉-ja-noun-9qpQkOTG Disambiguation of Afterlife: 27 27 13 2 32 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese words with multiple readings, Pages with raw sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 37 13 8 5 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 31 31 26 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 33 33 21 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 29 29 30 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 30 30 27 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 28 28 25 13 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 29 26 11 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 25 20 27 3 Disambiguation of Japanese words with multiple readings: 25 25 25 19 6 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 27 27 21 20 6 Topics: Shinto, lifestyle, religion
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [jo̞mʲi] Forms: 黄泉 [canonical] (ruby: 黄泉(よみ)), yomi [romanization]
Etymology: *⟨yo₂mi₂⟩ → */jəmwi/ → /jomi/ From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its combining form yomo (see above). The ablaut or apophonic form of yomo. For this vowel alternation, see AJPX. Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology. Etymology templates: {{IPAfont|*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩}} *⟨yo₂mi₂⟩, {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=よみ}} Old Japanese, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{obor|ja|zh|黃泉|lit=yellow springs|sort=よみ}} Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|よみ}} 黄泉(よみ) • (yomi)
  1. (Shinto) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld Categories (topical): Shinto, Afterlife Synonyms: 泉下, 冥土, 冥府, 黄泉路, 黄泉国 Derived forms: 蘇る, 甦る (yomigaeru) (english: to return from the land of the dead → to be reborn), 黄泉の国 (yomi-no-kuni) (ruby: 黄泉(よみ), 国(くに)) (english: land of the dead), 黄泉の旅人 (yomi no tabibito) (ruby: 黄泉(よみ), 旅(たび), 人(びと)) (english: traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died), 黄泉戸, 黄泉門 (yomi-do) (english: entrance to the land of the dead), 黄泉路 (yomiji) (english: road to the land of the dead)
    Sense id: en-黄泉-ja-noun-9qpQkOTG1 Disambiguation of Afterlife: 27 27 13 2 32 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese words with multiple readings, Pages with raw sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 37 13 8 5 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 31 31 26 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 33 33 21 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 29 29 30 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 30 30 27 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 28 28 25 13 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 29 26 11 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 25 20 27 3 Disambiguation of Japanese words with multiple readings: 25 25 25 19 6 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 27 27 21 20 6 Topics: Shinto, lifestyle, religion
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [jo̞mʲiʑi] Forms: 黄泉 [canonical] (ruby: 黄泉(よみじ)), yomiji [romanization], yomidi [romanization], よみぢ [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: Compound of 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above) + 路 (chi, “road”). The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji spelling reflects the extension of the sense from "the road to the underworld" to '"the underworld" itself. Etymology templates: {{m|ja||黄泉|land of the dead, underworld|pos=see above|tr=yomi}} 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above), {{m|ja|路||road|tr=chi}} 路 (chi, “road”), {{m|ja|連濁}} 連濁, {{rendaku2|chi|ji|sort=よみじ}} The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Head templates: {{ja-noun|よみじ|hhira=よみぢ}} 黄泉(よみじ) • (yomiji) ^(←よみぢ (yomidi)?)
  1. Alternative spelling of 黄泉路 (yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: 黄泉路 (extra: (yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself) Categories (topical): Afterlife Derived forms: 黄泉帰り (yomiji-gaeri) (ruby: 黄泉(よみじ), 帰(がえ)) (english: return from the underworld; resurrection, revival), 黄泉鳥: alternative name for 虎鶫: scaly thrush (toratsugumi) (ruby: 黄泉(ヨミジ), 鳥(ドリ)) (taxonomic: Zoothera dauma)
    Sense id: en-黄泉-ja-noun-~dqYXVYl Disambiguation of Afterlife: 27 27 13 2 32 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup, Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese words with multiple readings, Pages with raw sortkeys, Japanese terms with rendaku Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 37 37 13 8 5 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 31 31 26 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup: 33 33 21 9 3 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 29 29 30 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 30 30 27 9 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 28 28 25 13 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 29 26 11 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 25 20 27 3 Disambiguation of Japanese words with multiple readings: 25 25 25 19 6 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 27 27 21 20 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ːsẽ̞ɴ] Forms: 黄泉 [canonical] (ruby: 黄(こう), 泉(せん)), kōsen [romanization], kwausen [romanization], くわうせん [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: /kwau sen/ → /kwɔːseɴ/ → /kɔːseɴ/ → /koːseɴ/ From Middle Chinese 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”). Attested in various Heian period texts. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=こうせん}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|黃泉|lit=yellow springs}} 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|こうせん|hhira=くわうせん}} 黄(こう)泉(せん) • (kōsen) ^(←くわうせん (kwausen)?)
  1. an underground spring
    Sense id: en-黄泉-ja-noun-Y2b~rrAG Categories (other): Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese words with multiple readings, Pages with raw sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 28 28 25 13 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 29 26 11 4 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 25 25 20 27 3 Disambiguation of Japanese words with multiple readings: 25 25 25 19 6 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 27 27 21 20 6
  2. the underworld, the land of the dead Categories (topical): Afterlife Synonyms: 冥土, 黄泉路
    Sense id: en-黄泉-ja-noun-jveJ7w66 Disambiguation of Afterlife: 27 27 13 2 32
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 黄泉の客 (kōsen no kyaku) (ruby: 黄(こう), 泉(せん), 客(きゃく)) (english: visitor to the land of the dead → someone who has died), 黄泉の旅人 (kōsen no tabibito) (ruby: 黄(こう), 泉(せん), 旅(たび), 人(びと)) (english: traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died) Related terms: 地獄, 奈落 (jigoku) (ruby: 地(じ), 獄(ごく), 奈(な), 落(らく)) (english: similar concepts in Buddhism), 高天原 (takama no hara) (ruby: 高(たか), 天(まの), 原(はら)), 葦原の中つ国 (ashihara no nakatsukuni) (ruby: 葦(あし), 原(はら), 中(なか), 国(くに))
Etymology number: 4

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for 黄泉 meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "ja"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yomi"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨yo₂mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨yo₂mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨yo₂mo⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨yo₂mo⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "山",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mountain",
        "tr": "yama"
      },
      "expansion": "山 (yama, “mountain”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs",
        "sort": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "obor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*⟨yo₂mo₂⟩ → */jəmə/ → ⟨yo₂mo⟩ → */jəmo/ → /jomo/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE. Appears to be the older combining form of yomi (see below).\nThe ablaut or apophonic form of cognate 山 (yama, “mountain”). Mountains were often used as a place to bury the dead and were strongly associated with the afterlife.\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よも) • (yomo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Shinto",
          "orig": "ja:Shinto",
          "parents": [
            "Japan",
            "Religion",
            "Asia",
            "Culture",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 13 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "31 31 26 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 21 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 30 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 27 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 25 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 26 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 20 27 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 19 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 21 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 13 2 32",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "ja:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "yomo tsu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よも"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉つ"
        },
        {
          "english": "army of the dead",
          "roman": "yomo tsu ikusa",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よも"
            ],
            [
              "軍",
              "いくさ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉つ軍"
        },
        {
          "english": "god of the dead",
          "roman": "yomo tsu kami",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よも"
            ],
            [
              "神",
              "かみ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉つ神"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉国"
        },
        {
          "english": "land of the dead",
          "roman": "yomo tsu kuni",
          "word": "黄泉つ国"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉醜女"
        },
        {
          "english": "demoness inhabitant of the land of the dead",
          "roman": "yomo tsu shikome",
          "word": "黄泉つ醜女"
        },
        {
          "english": "hill of the dead, lying between this world and the afterlife",
          "roman": "yomo tsu hirasaka",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よも"
            ],
            [
              "平坂",
              "ひらさか"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉つ平坂"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉竈食"
        },
        {
          "english": "eat from the kitchen of the dead → dying, death",
          "roman": "yomo tsu hegui",
          "word": "黄泉つ竈食い"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "id": "en-黄泉-ja-noun-9qpQkOTG",
      "links": [
        [
          "Shinto",
          "Shinto"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "afterworld",
          "afterworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Shinto, archaic) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Shinto",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Chinese mythology",
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs",
        "sort": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "obor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩ → */jəmwi/ → /jomi/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its combining form yomo (see above).\nThe ablaut or apophonic form of yomo. For this vowel alternation, see AJPX.\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よみ) • (yomi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Shinto",
          "orig": "ja:Shinto",
          "parents": [
            "Japan",
            "Religion",
            "Asia",
            "Culture",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 13 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 26 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 21 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 30 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 27 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 25 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 26 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 20 27 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 19 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 21 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 13 2 32",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "ja:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "蘇る"
        },
        {
          "english": "to return from the land of the dead → to be reborn",
          "roman": "yomigaeru",
          "word": "甦る"
        },
        {
          "english": "land of the dead",
          "roman": "yomi-no-kuni",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よみ"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "くに"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉の国"
        },
        {
          "english": "traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
          "roman": "yomi no tabibito",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よみ"
            ],
            [
              "旅",
              "たび"
            ],
            [
              "人",
              "びと"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉の旅人"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉戸"
        },
        {
          "english": "entrance to the land of the dead",
          "roman": "yomi-do",
          "word": "黄泉門"
        },
        {
          "english": "road to the land of the dead",
          "roman": "yomiji",
          "word": "黄泉路"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "id": "en-黄泉-ja-noun-9qpQkOTG1",
      "links": [
        [
          "Shinto",
          "Shinto"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "afterworld",
          "afterworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Shinto) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "泉下"
        },
        {
          "word": "冥土"
        },
        {
          "word": "冥府"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉路"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉国"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Shinto",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "よみ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mʲi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Chinese mythology",
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "黄泉",
        "4": "land of the dead, underworld",
        "pos": "see above",
        "tr": "yomi"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "路",
        "3": "",
        "4": "road",
        "tr": "chi"
      },
      "expansion": "路 (chi, “road”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連濁"
      },
      "expansion": "連濁",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chi",
        "2": "ji",
        "sort": "よみじ"
      },
      "expansion": "The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
      "name": "rendaku2"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above) + 路 (chi, “road”). The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe kanji spelling reflects the extension of the sense from \"the road to the underworld\" to '\"the underworld\" itself.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみじ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomiji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomidi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "よみぢ",
      "roman": "yomidi",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よみじ",
        "hhira": "よみぢ"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よみじ) • (yomiji) ^(←よみぢ (yomidi)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself",
          "word": "黄泉路"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 13 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 31 26 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 21 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 30 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 27 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 25 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 26 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 20 27 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 19 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 21 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 13 2 32",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "ja:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "return from the underworld; resurrection, revival",
          "roman": "yomiji-gaeri",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "よみじ"
            ],
            [
              "帰",
              "がえ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "黄泉帰り"
        },
        {
          "roman": "toratsugumi",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "黄泉",
              "ヨミジ"
            ],
            [
              "鳥",
              "ドリ"
            ]
          ],
          "taxonomic": "Zoothera dauma",
          "word": "黄泉鳥: alternative name for 虎鶫: scaly thrush"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of 黄泉路 (yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself"
      ],
      "id": "en-黄泉-ja-noun-~dqYXVYl",
      "links": [
        [
          "黄泉路",
          "黄泉路#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "よみじ"
    },
    {
      "other": "よみじ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mʲiʑi]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "visitor to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
      "roman": "kōsen no kyaku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "客",
          "きゃく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の客"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
      "roman": "kōsen no tabibito",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "旅",
          "たび"
        ],
        [
          "人",
          "びと"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の旅人"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こうせん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs"
      },
      "expansion": "黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kwau sen/ → /kwɔːseɴ/ → /kɔːseɴ/ → /koːseɴ/\nFrom Middle Chinese 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”). Attested in various Heian period texts.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōsen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwausen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くわうせん",
      "roman": "kwausen",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうせん",
        "hhira": "くわうせん"
      },
      "expansion": "黄(こう)泉(せん) • (kōsen) ^(←くわうせん (kwausen)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "proverbs": [
    {
      "english": "on the road to the land of the dead, there is no old or young → death comes to all, regardless of age",
      "roman": "kōsen no rojō rōshō nashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "路",
          "ろ"
        ],
        [
          "上",
          "じょう"
        ],
        [
          "老",
          "ろう"
        ],
        [
          "少",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "無",
          "な"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の路上老少無し"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "similar concepts in Buddhism",
      "roman": "jigoku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "地",
          "じ"
        ],
        [
          "獄",
          "ごく"
        ],
        [
          "奈",
          "な"
        ],
        [
          "落",
          "らく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "地獄, 奈落"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "takama no hara",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "たか"
        ],
        [
          "天",
          "まの"
        ],
        [
          "原",
          "はら"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "高天原"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ashihara no nakatsukuni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "葦",
          "あし"
        ],
        [
          "原",
          "はら"
        ],
        [
          "中",
          "なか"
        ],
        [
          "国",
          "くに"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "葦原の中つ国"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 28 25 13 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 29 26 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 20 27 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 19 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 21 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an underground spring"
      ],
      "id": "en-黄泉-ja-noun-Y2b~rrAG",
      "links": [
        [
          "underground",
          "underground"
        ],
        [
          "spring",
          "spring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 27 13 2 32",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "ja:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the underworld, the land of the dead"
      ],
      "id": "en-黄泉-ja-noun-jveJ7w66",
      "links": [
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "冥土"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉路"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーせん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Heian period",
    "Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Afterlife"
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "soft-redirect",
  "redirects": [
    "黃泉"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese words with multiple readings",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Afterlife"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yomo tsu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉つ"
    },
    {
      "english": "army of the dead",
      "roman": "yomo tsu ikusa",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ],
        [
          "軍",
          "いくさ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉つ軍"
    },
    {
      "english": "god of the dead",
      "roman": "yomo tsu kami",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ],
        [
          "神",
          "かみ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉つ神"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄泉国"
    },
    {
      "english": "land of the dead",
      "roman": "yomo tsu kuni",
      "word": "黄泉つ国"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄泉醜女"
    },
    {
      "english": "demoness inhabitant of the land of the dead",
      "roman": "yomo tsu shikome",
      "word": "黄泉つ醜女"
    },
    {
      "english": "hill of the dead, lying between this world and the afterlife",
      "roman": "yomo tsu hirasaka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ],
        [
          "平坂",
          "ひらさか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉つ平坂"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄泉竈食"
    },
    {
      "english": "eat from the kitchen of the dead → dying, death",
      "roman": "yomo tsu hegui",
      "word": "黄泉つ竈食い"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "ja"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yomi"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨yo₂mo₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨yo₂mo₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "⟨yo₂mo⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "⟨yo₂mo⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "山",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mountain",
        "tr": "yama"
      },
      "expansion": "山 (yama, “mountain”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs",
        "sort": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "obor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*⟨yo₂mo₂⟩ → */jəmə/ → ⟨yo₂mo⟩ → */jəmo/ → /jomo/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE. Appears to be the older combining form of yomi (see below).\nThe ablaut or apophonic form of cognate 山 (yama, “mountain”). Mountains were often used as a place to bury the dead and were strongly associated with the afterlife.\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よも"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomo",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よも"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よも) • (yomo)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Shinto"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Shinto",
          "Shinto"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "afterworld",
          "afterworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Shinto, archaic) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Shinto",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mo̞]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Chinese mythology",
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese words with multiple readings",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Afterlife"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "蘇る"
    },
    {
      "english": "to return from the land of the dead → to be reborn",
      "roman": "yomigaeru",
      "word": "甦る"
    },
    {
      "english": "land of the dead",
      "roman": "yomi-no-kuni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみ"
        ],
        [
          "国",
          "くに"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の国"
    },
    {
      "english": "traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
      "roman": "yomi no tabibito",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみ"
        ],
        [
          "旅",
          "たび"
        ],
        [
          "人",
          "びと"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の旅人"
    },
    {
      "word": "黄泉戸"
    },
    {
      "english": "entrance to the land of the dead",
      "roman": "yomi-do",
      "word": "黄泉門"
    },
    {
      "english": "road to the land of the dead",
      "roman": "yomiji",
      "word": "黄泉路"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩"
      },
      "expansion": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs",
        "sort": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "obor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "*⟨yo₂mi₂⟩ → */jəmwi/ → /jomi/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its combining form yomo (see above).\nThe ablaut or apophonic form of yomo. For this vowel alternation, see AJPX.\nOrthographic borrowing from Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán, literally “yellow springs”), incorporating the underworld from Chinese mythology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よみ"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よみ) • (yomi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Shinto"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Shinto",
          "Shinto"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "afterworld",
          "afterworld"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Shinto) the land of the dead; the afterworld, underworld"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "泉下"
        },
        {
          "word": "冥土"
        },
        {
          "word": "冥府"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉路"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉国"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Shinto",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "よみ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mʲi]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Chinese mythology",
    "Kojiki"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with rendaku",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese words with multiple readings",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Afterlife"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "return from the underworld; resurrection, revival",
      "roman": "yomiji-gaeri",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみじ"
        ],
        [
          "帰",
          "がえ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉帰り"
    },
    {
      "roman": "toratsugumi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "ヨミジ"
        ],
        [
          "鳥",
          "ドリ"
        ]
      ],
      "taxonomic": "Zoothera dauma",
      "word": "黄泉鳥: alternative name for 虎鶫: scaly thrush"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "",
        "3": "黄泉",
        "4": "land of the dead, underworld",
        "pos": "see above",
        "tr": "yomi"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "路",
        "3": "",
        "4": "road",
        "tr": "chi"
      },
      "expansion": "路 (chi, “road”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "連濁"
      },
      "expansion": "連濁",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chi",
        "2": "ji",
        "sort": "よみじ"
      },
      "expansion": "The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
      "name": "rendaku2"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of 黄泉 (yomi, “land of the dead, underworld”, see above) + 路 (chi, “road”). The chi changes to ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nThe kanji spelling reflects the extension of the sense from \"the road to the underworld\" to '\"the underworld\" itself.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄泉",
          "よみじ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomiji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yomidi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "よみぢ",
      "roman": "yomidi",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "よみじ",
        "hhira": "よみぢ"
      },
      "expansion": "黄泉(よみじ) • (yomiji) ^(←よみぢ (yomidi)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself",
          "word": "黄泉路"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of 黄泉路 (yomiji): the road to the land of the dead; by extension, the underworld itself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "黄泉路",
          "黄泉路#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ],
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "よみじ"
    },
    {
      "other": "よみじ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[jo̞mʲiʑi]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese words with multiple readings",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "ja:Afterlife"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "visitor to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
      "roman": "kōsen no kyaku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "客",
          "きゃく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の客"
    },
    {
      "english": "traveler to the land of the dead → someone who has died",
      "roman": "kōsen no tabibito",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "旅",
          "たび"
        ],
        [
          "人",
          "びと"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の旅人"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "こうせん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "黃泉",
        "lit": "yellow springs"
      },
      "expansion": "黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/kwau sen/ → /kwɔːseɴ/ → /kɔːseɴ/ → /koːseɴ/\nFrom Middle Chinese 黃泉 (MC hwang dzjwen, literally “yellow springs”). Attested in various Heian period texts.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "黄泉",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōsen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwausen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くわうせん",
      "roman": "kwausen",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうせん",
        "hhira": "くわうせん"
      },
      "expansion": "黄(こう)泉(せん) • (kōsen) ^(←くわうせん (kwausen)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "proverbs": [
    {
      "english": "on the road to the land of the dead, there is no old or young → death comes to all, regardless of age",
      "roman": "kōsen no rojō rōshō nashi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "黄",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "泉",
          "せん"
        ],
        [
          "路",
          "ろ"
        ],
        [
          "上",
          "じょう"
        ],
        [
          "老",
          "ろう"
        ],
        [
          "少",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "無",
          "な"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "黄泉の路上老少無し"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "similar concepts in Buddhism",
      "roman": "jigoku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "地",
          "じ"
        ],
        [
          "獄",
          "ごく"
        ],
        [
          "奈",
          "な"
        ],
        [
          "落",
          "らく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "地獄, 奈落"
    },
    {
      "roman": "takama no hara",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "高",
          "たか"
        ],
        [
          "天",
          "まの"
        ],
        [
          "原",
          "はら"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "高天原"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ashihara no nakatsukuni",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "葦",
          "あし"
        ],
        [
          "原",
          "はら"
        ],
        [
          "中",
          "なか"
        ],
        [
          "国",
          "くに"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "葦原の中つ国"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "an underground spring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "underground",
          "underground"
        ],
        [
          "spring",
          "spring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the underworld, the land of the dead"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "underworld",
          "underworld"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "冥土"
        },
        {
          "word": "黄泉路"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーせん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Heian period",
    "Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai"
  ],
  "word": "黄泉"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.