See 進化 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 進化 meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wasei kango",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "zh:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"id": "en-進化-zh-verb-X6Q-3Fzh",
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "degeneration",
"roman": "taika",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "退化"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) • (shinka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "ja:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evolution"
],
"id": "en-進化-ja-noun-lw6vDU3J",
"links": [
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "進化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "진화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tiến hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化する",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"roman": "shinka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"roman": "shinka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "進化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"id": "en-進化-ja-verb-X6Q-3Fzh",
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jinhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "진화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "진화",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "進化 • (jinhwa) (hangeul 진화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "evolution",
"word": "진화"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 진화 (“evolution”)."
],
"id": "en-進化-ko-noun-CIc1OSKe",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"진화",
"진화#Korean"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“evolution”)."
],
"id": "en-進化-vi-noun-6swxfqeg",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“to evolve”)."
],
"id": "en-進化-vi-verb-qUKQaHrD",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Wasei kango",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu verbs",
"zh:Evolutionary theory"
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "degeneration",
"roman": "taika",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "退化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"ja:Evolutionary theory"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) • (shinka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evolution"
],
"links": [
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"ja:Evolutionary theory"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "進化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "진화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tiến hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化する",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"roman": "shinka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"roman": "shinka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "進化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jinhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "진화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "진화",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "進化 • (jinhwa) (hangeul 진화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "evolution",
"word": "진화"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 진화 (“evolution”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"진화",
"진화#Korean"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“evolution”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"head": "",
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},
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"name": "head"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“to evolve”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"進化"
],
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"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.