See 進化 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "进化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "zh:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 1 3 33 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 1 2 31 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"id": "en-進化-zh-verb-X6Q-3Fzh",
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "degeneration",
"roman": "taika",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "退化"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) • (shinka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evolution"
],
"id": "en-進化-ja-noun-lw6vDU3J",
"links": [
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "進化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 進化 /进化 (jìnhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 進化 /进化 (jìnhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "진화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tiến hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化する",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"roman": "shinka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"roman": "shinka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "進化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か)する • (shinka suru) suru (stem 進(しん)化(か)し (shinka shi), past 進(しん)化(か)した (shinka shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "ja:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"id": "en-進化-ja-verb-X6Q-3Fzh",
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jinhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "진화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "진화",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "進化 • (jinhwa) (hangeul 진화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "evolution",
"word": "진화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 진화 (“evolution”)"
],
"id": "en-進化-ko-noun-w2owA8TP",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"진화",
"진화#Korean"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“evolution”)."
],
"id": "en-進化-vi-noun-6swxfqeg",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese:_進化"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“to evolve”)."
],
"id": "en-進化-vi-verb-qUKQaHrD",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese:_進化"
],
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "进化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from wasei kango",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 進",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu verbs",
"zh:Evolutionary theory"
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "degeneration",
"roman": "taika",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "退化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Evolutionary theory"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) • (shinka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evolution"
],
"links": [
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Evolutionary theory"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "進化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 進化 /进化 (jìnhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 進化 /进化 (jìnhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "진화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 진화 (jinhwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tiến hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tiến hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "進化する",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"roman": "shinka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"roman": "shinka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "進化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "進化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "進化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "進化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "進化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "進化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しんかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shinka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しんか"
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か)する • (shinka suru) suru (stem 進(しん)化(か)し (shinka shi), past 進(しん)化(か)した (shinka shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しんか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕĩŋka̠]"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "jinhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "진화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "진화",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "進化 • (jinhwa) (hangeul 진화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "evolution",
"word": "진화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 진화 (“evolution”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"진화",
"진화#Korean"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“evolution”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese:_進化"
],
[
"evolution",
"evolution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of tiến hoá (“to evolve”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tiến hoá",
"tiến hoá#Vietnamese:_進化"
],
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 進化 meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.