See 進化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "进化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "zh:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 1 3 33 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 1 2 31 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"id": "en-進化-zh-verb-X6Q-3Fzh",
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"word": "退化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "進化論"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuàlùn",
"word": "进化论"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "進%化",
"2": "しん%か"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 進(しん)化(か) (shinka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "进化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "進化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from wasei kango",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 進",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu verbs",
"zh:Evolutionary theory"
],
"glosses": [
"to evolve"
],
"links": [
[
"evolve",
"evolve"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zeon³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chin⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jìn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jinnhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "цзиньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "czinʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jeun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzoen³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zên³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chin-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "céng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chìn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsìn-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cienhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵cin-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cin^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²jin-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵn³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕin³³ ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "演化"
},
{
"roman": "yǎnhuà",
"word": "衍化"
}
],
"word": "進化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 進化 meaning in Chinese (5.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"進化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "進化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.