See 通商 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have trade relations"
],
"id": "en-通商-zh-verb-kJVbq-5J",
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"relations",
"relations"
]
],
"qualifier": "regions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of nations, regions, etc.) to have trade relations"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nations"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tōngshāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "thûng-sông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tōngshāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tongshang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tʻung¹-shang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tūng-shāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tongshang"
},
{
"roman": "tunšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "туншан"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tūng sēung"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "thûng-sông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "tung^ˊ song^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ song¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tongsiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tongsiafng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "通商",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうしょう"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)商(しょう) • (tsūshō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foreign commerce, trade"
],
"id": "en-通商-ja-noun-qcDzJtbO",
"links": [
[
"commerce",
"commerce"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "通商する intransitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "通商し",
"roman": "tsūshō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "通商した",
"roman": "tsūshō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "通商し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "通商させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "通商した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "通商して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "通商すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうしょう",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)商(しょう)する • (tsūshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)商(しょう)し (tsūshō shi), past 通(つう)商(しょう)した (tsūshō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"engage in international trade"
],
"id": "en-通商-ja-verb-i6s0ewp3"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tongsang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "통상",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "통상"
},
"expansion": "通商 • (tongsang) (hangeul 통상)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "통상"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 통상"
],
"id": "en-通商-ko-noun--sUFm8iP",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"통상",
"통상#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thông thương"
],
"id": "en-通商-vi-adj-0MdszHbs",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thông thương",
"thông thương#Vietnamese:_通商"
]
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 商",
"Chinese terms spelled with 通",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to have trade relations"
],
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"relations",
"relations"
]
],
"qualifier": "regions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of nations, regions, etc.) to have trade relations"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nations"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tōngshāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "thûng-sông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tōngshāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tongshang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tʻung¹-shang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tūng-shāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tongshang"
},
{
"roman": "tunšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "туншан"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tūng sēung"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ soeng¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ sêng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "thûng-sông"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "tung^ˊ song^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "tung¹ song¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siong"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tongsiofng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Quanzhou",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "thong-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tongsiafng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 商 read as しょう",
"Japanese terms spelled with 通 read as つう",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "通商",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうしょう"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)商(しょう) • (tsūshō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foreign commerce, trade"
],
"links": [
[
"commerce",
"commerce"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 商 read as しょう",
"Japanese terms spelled with 通 read as つう",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "通商する intransitive suru",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "通商し",
"roman": "tsūshō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "通商した",
"roman": "tsūshō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"商",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "通商し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通商せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "通商させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "通商しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通商します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "通商した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "通商して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "通商すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つうしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūshō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうしょう",
"tr": "intrans"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)商(しょう)する • (tsūshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)商(しょう)し (tsūshō shi), past 通(つう)商(しょう)した (tsūshō shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"engage in international trade"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tongsang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "통상",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "통상"
},
"expansion": "通商 • (tongsang) (hangeul 통상)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "통상"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 통상"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"통상",
"통상#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "通商",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thông thương"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thông thương",
"thông thương#Vietnamese:_通商"
]
]
}
],
"word": "通商"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 通商 meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"通商"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通商",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.