See 自然淘汰 on Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "自然淘汰",
"2": "しぜんとうた"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"natural selection"
],
"id": "en-自然淘汰-zh-noun-Qt0Ibnu1",
"links": [
[
"natural selection",
"natural selection"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zìrán xuǎnzé",
"word": "自然選擇"
},
{
"roman": "zìrán xuǎnzé",
"word": "自然选择"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzé",
"word": "天擇"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzé",
"word": "天择"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chīr-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìhrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tzŭ⁴-jan² tʻao²-tʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "dz̀-rán táu-tài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tzyhran taurtay"
},
{
"roman": "czyžanʹ taotaj",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзыжань таотай"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jih yìhn tòuh taai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dzi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁶ yin⁴ tou⁴ tai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹ tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tsū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "zuxjieen doi'taix"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chīr-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tsīr-jiân tô-thài"
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"orthographic borrowing"
],
"roman": "zìrán táotài",
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "en",
"3": "natural selection",
"sort": "しぜんとうた"
},
"expansion": "Calque of English natural selection",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "自%然",
"2": "し%ぜん",
"3": "淘%汰",
"4": "とう%た",
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"t2": "selection"
},
"expansion": "自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of English natural selection.\nFrom 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "自然淘汰 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"し"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
],
[
"淘",
"とう"
],
[
"汰",
"た"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shizen tōta",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sizen tauta",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "しぜんたうた",
"roman": "sizen tauta",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しぜん とうた",
"hhira": "しぜん たうた"
},
"expansion": "自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta) ^(←しぜんたうた (sizen tauta)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Evolutionary theory",
"orig": "ja:Evolutionary theory",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"natural selection"
],
"id": "en-自然淘汰-ja-noun-Qt0Ibnu1",
"links": [
[
"natural selection",
"natural selection"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "evolution",
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "evolution",
"word": "進化"
},
{
"english": "Darwinism",
"roman": "dāwinizumu",
"translation": "Darwinism",
"word": "ダーウィニズム"
},
{
"english": "survival of the fittest",
"roman": "tekisha seizon",
"ruby": [
[
"適",
"てき"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"存",
"ぞん"
]
],
"translation": "survival of the fittest",
"word": "適者生存"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shizen sentaku",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"し"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
],
[
"選",
"せん"
],
[
"択",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "自然選択"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しぜんとーた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕize̞n to̞ːta̠]"
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jayeondotae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "자연도태",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "자연도태"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰 • (jayeondotae) (hangeul 자연도태)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "자연도태"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 자연도태"
],
"id": "en-自然淘汰-ko-noun-POqrXRvi",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"자연도태",
"자연도태#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
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"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "自然淘汰",
"2": "しぜんとうた"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 自然淘汰(しぜんとうた) (shizentōta).",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms spelled with 汰",
"Chinese terms spelled with 淘",
"Chinese terms spelled with 然",
"Chinese terms spelled with 自",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"natural selection",
"natural selection"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chīr-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄗˋ ㄖㄢˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "zìhrán táotài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tzŭ⁴-jan² tʻao²-tʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "dz̀-rán táu-tài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tzyhran taurtay"
},
{
"roman": "czyžanʹ taotaj",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цзыжань таотай"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ʐän³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "zi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "jih yìhn tòuh taai"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "dzi⁶ jin⁴ tou⁴ taai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "ji⁶ yin⁴ tou⁴ tai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² jiːn²¹ tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tsū-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "zuxjieen doi'taix"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ziɛn²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "chīr-jiân tô-thài"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tsīr-jiân tô-thài"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zìrán xuǎnzé",
"word": "自然選擇"
},
{
"roman": "zìrán xuǎnzé",
"word": "自然选择"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzé",
"word": "天擇"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzé",
"word": "天择"
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"raw_tags": [
"orthographic borrowing"
],
"roman": "zìrán táotài",
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "en",
"3": "natural selection",
"sort": "しぜんとうた"
},
"expansion": "Calque of English natural selection",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "自%然",
"2": "し%ぜん",
"3": "淘%汰",
"4": "とう%た",
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"t2": "selection"
},
"expansion": "自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of English natural selection.\nFrom 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen, “natural”) + 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta, “selection”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "自然淘汰 ^",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"し"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
],
[
"淘",
"とう"
],
[
"汰",
"た"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shizen tōta",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sizen tauta",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "しぜんたうた",
"roman": "sizen tauta",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しぜん とうた",
"hhira": "しぜん たうた"
},
"expansion": "自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) • (shizen tōta) ^(←しぜんたうた (sizen tauta)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "evolution",
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進",
"しん"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "evolution",
"word": "進化"
},
{
"english": "Darwinism",
"roman": "dāwinizumu",
"translation": "Darwinism",
"word": "ダーウィニズム"
},
{
"english": "survival of the fittest",
"roman": "tekisha seizon",
"ruby": [
[
"適",
"てき"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"存",
"ぞん"
]
],
"translation": "survival of the fittest",
"word": "適者生存"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms calqued from English",
"Japanese terms derived from English",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 4 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Evolutionary theory"
],
"glosses": [
"natural selection"
],
"links": [
[
"natural selection",
"natural selection"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しぜんとーた"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕize̞n to̞ːta̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shizen sentaku",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"し"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
],
[
"選",
"せん"
],
[
"択",
"たく"
]
],
"word": "自然選択"
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jayeondotae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "자연도태",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "자연도태"
},
"expansion": "自然淘汰 • (jayeondotae) (hangeul 자연도태)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "자연도태"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 자연도태"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"자연도태",
"자연도태#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "自然淘汰"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 自然淘汰 meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
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"path": [
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"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "自然淘汰",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "自然淘汰",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.