See 秘書 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wénmì",
"word": "文秘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nánmì",
"word": "男秘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mìshūchù",
"word": "秘書處"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mìshūchù",
"word": "秘书处"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mìshūzhǎng",
"word": "秘書長"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mìshūzhǎng",
"word": "秘书长"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "祕書",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "秘书",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "幹事"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "干事"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wénshū",
"word": "文書"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wénshū",
"word": "文书"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shūjì",
"word": "書記"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shūjì",
"word": "书记"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese nouns classified by 名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "zh:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"secretary (person who does clerical work) (Classifier: 名 m)"
],
"id": "en-秘書-zh-noun-dJPqhRFl",
"links": [
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
],
[
"名",
"名#Chinese"
]
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "est. 159 CE",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "zh:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
175,
190
]
],
"english": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un",
"roman": "Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "謹以二尺黃紙寫上，請事平，以本簡書及所新寫並付祕書繕寫，藏之中經，副在三閣。",
"translation": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
175,
190
]
],
"english": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un",
"roman": "Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "谨以二尺黄纸写上，请事平，以本简书及所新写并付秘书缮写，藏之中经，副在三阁。",
"translation": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives"
],
"id": "en-秘書-zh-noun--k5SQgmr",
"links": [
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"reports",
"reports"
],
[
"throne",
"throne"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"correspondence",
"correspondence"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-mìshu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Zh-mìshu.ogg/Zh-mìshu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-mìshu.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ syu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'bi⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "pi-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^ˇ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "bé-cṳ̆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bi³ ze¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵pi-sy₁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "bei⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "mi⁴-shu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mì-shu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "mih.shu"
},
{
"roman": "mišu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "мишу"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "密書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "密书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "秘書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "秘书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mīshù"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bi⁴ shu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mi⁴ shu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ syu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bei syū"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ sy¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "béi³ xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'bi⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi³⁵ ɕy⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "pi-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^(suˊ)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "bi⁴ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^ˇ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi¹¹ ʃu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "bé-cṳ̆"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒy⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "piesw"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "piesy"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bi³ ze¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì tsṳ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵pi-sy₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "pi^去 sy^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²pi-sr₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "bei⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe̞i̯⁴⁵ ɕy³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "秘書",
"ruby": [
[
"秘",
"ひ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひしょ"
},
"expansion": "秘(ひ)書(しょ) • (hisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)"
],
"id": "en-秘書-ja-noun-nOepY4eA",
"links": [
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひしょ"
},
{
"other": "ひしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi̥ɕo̞]"
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "biseo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "비서",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "비서"
},
"expansion": "秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "祕書"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of 祕書"
],
"id": "en-秘書-ko-noun-1gkGtG-W",
"links": [
[
"祕書",
"祕書#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bí thư (“secretary”)"
],
"id": "en-秘書-vi-noun-qrTXR4lY",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bí thư",
"bí thư#Vietnamese:_秘書"
],
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
]
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 書",
"Chinese terms spelled with 秘",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Occupations",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "wénmì",
"word": "文秘"
},
{
"roman": "nánmì",
"word": "男秘"
},
{
"roman": "mìshūchù",
"word": "秘書處"
},
{
"roman": "mìshūchù",
"word": "秘书处"
},
{
"roman": "mìshūzhǎng",
"word": "秘書長"
},
{
"roman": "mìshūzhǎng",
"word": "秘书长"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "祕書",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "秘书",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "幹事"
},
{
"word": "干事"
},
{
"roman": "wénshū",
"word": "文書"
},
{
"roman": "wénshū",
"word": "文书"
},
{
"roman": "shūjì",
"word": "書記"
},
{
"roman": "shūjì",
"word": "书记"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese nouns classified by 名"
],
"glosses": [
"secretary (person who does clerical work) (Classifier: 名 m)"
],
"links": [
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
],
[
"名",
"名#Chinese"
]
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "est. 159 CE",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
175,
190
]
],
"english": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un",
"roman": "Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "謹以二尺黃紙寫上，請事平，以本簡書及所新寫並付祕書繕寫，藏之中經，副在三閣。",
"translation": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
175,
190
]
],
"english": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 280s, the preface to The Travels of Mu, Son of Heaven written by Xun Xu, translated by Cheng Te-k’un",
"roman": "Jǐn yǐ èr chǐ huáng zhǐ xiě shàng, qǐng shì píng, yǐ běn jiǎnshū jí suǒ xīn xiě bìng fù bìshū shànxiě, cáng zhī zhōngjīng, fù zài sāngé.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "谨以二尺黄纸写上，请事平，以本简书及所新写并付秘书缮写，藏之中经，副在三阁。",
"translation": "Therefore, Your Majesty’s servant has carefully translated the old text on yellow sheets of paper two feet in size, and begs that when at leisure, Your Majesty will order the court secretary to copy it out together with the original text and store it up to the third hall as one of the Middle Classics.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives"
],
"links": [
[
"title",
"title"
],
[
"in charge",
"in charge"
],
[
"reports",
"reports"
],
[
"throne",
"throne"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"correspondence",
"correspondence"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) title for an official in charge of reports to the throne as well as imperial correspondence and directives"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-mìshu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Zh-mìshu.ogg/Zh-mìshu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-mìshu.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ syu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'bi⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "pi-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^ˇ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "bé-cṳ̆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bi³ ze¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵pi-sy₁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "bei⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mìshů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "mi⁴-shu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mì-shu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "mih.shu"
},
{
"roman": "mišu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "мишу"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "密書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "密书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "秘書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "秘书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bīshù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mīshù"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bi⁴ shu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mi⁴ shu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi⁴⁴ ʂu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ syu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bei syū"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bei³ sy¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "béi³ xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'bi⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpi³⁵ ɕy⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "pi-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^(suˊ)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "bi⁴ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "bi^ˇ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi¹¹ ʃu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "bé-cṳ̆"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡s-))ʒy⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-su"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "piesw"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Philippines",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pì-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "piesy"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bi³ ze¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pì tsṳ"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵pi-sy₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "pi^去 sy^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²pi-sr₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/pi³³ sz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "bei⁴ xy¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe̞i̯⁴⁵ ɕy³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "秘書",
"ruby": [
[
"秘",
"ひ"
],
[
"書",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hisho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひしょ"
},
"expansion": "秘(ひ)書(しょ) • (hisho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with Odaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)"
],
"links": [
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひしょ"
},
{
"other": "ひしょ"
},
{
"ipa": "[çi̥ɕo̞]"
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "biseo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "비서",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "비서"
},
"expansion": "秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "祕書"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of 祕書"
],
"links": [
[
"祕書",
"祕書#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "秘書",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bí thư (“secretary”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bí thư",
"bí thư#Vietnamese:_秘書"
],
[
"secretary",
"secretary"
]
]
}
],
"word": "秘書"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 秘書 meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"秘書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "秘書",
"trace": "started on line 31, detected on line 31"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"秘書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "秘書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"秘書"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "秘書",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.