"柔然" meaning in All languages combined

See 柔然 on Wiktionary

Proper name [Chinese]

IPA: /ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/, /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/ Chinese transliterations: Róurán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Róurán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], Róurán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], Jou²-jan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], Róu-rán [Mandarin, Yale, standard], Rouran [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], Жоужань [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], Žoužanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], yàuh yìhn [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], yeo⁴ yin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong], nyuw nyen [Middle-Chinese], /*nu [n]a[n]/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*mlju njen/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Borrowed from Rouran. Etymology templates: {{bor+|zh|mis-rou|-}} Borrowed from Rouran Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 柔然
  1. (historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin) Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-柔然-zh-name-e-fWwx6E Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 18 32 18
  2. (historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate) Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-柔然-zh-name-iHTMlzqF Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 22 78 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 18 32 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 檀檀 (Tántán), 皇芮 (Huángruì), 芮芮 (Ruìruì), 茹茹 (Rúrú), 蝚蠕 (Róurú), 蠕蠕 (Ruǎnruǎn)

Proper name [Japanese]

IPA: [d͡ʑɨːzẽ̞ɴ] Forms: 柔然 [canonical] (ruby: (じゅう), (ぜん)), Jūzen [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-pos|proper|じゅうぜん}} 柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen)
  1. (historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin) Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-柔然-ja-name-e-fWwx6E Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 56 44 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 54 46 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 68 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 53 47
  2. (historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate) Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-柔然-ja-name-iHTMlzqF Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 18 32 18 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 29 71 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 54 46 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 53 47

Proper name [Korean]

Forms: Yuyeon [romanization], 유연 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-pos|proper|hangeul=유연}} 柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)
  1. hanja form of 유연 (“Rouran”) Tags: form-of, hanja Form of: 유연 (extra: Rouran)

Proper name [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|proper noun|||head=}} 柔然, {{vi-pos|proper noun|sc=Hani}} 柔然
  1. chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”).
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Rouran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Rouran"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-rou",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-zh-name-e-fWwx6E",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-zh-name-iHTMlzqF",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Rouran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Жоужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*mlju njen/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Tántán",
      "word": "檀檀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Huángruì",
      "word": "皇芮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Ruìruì",
      "word": "芮芮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Rúrú",
      "word": "茹茹"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Róurú",
      "word": "蝚蠕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
      "word": "蠕蠕"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柔然",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "柔",
          "じゅう"
        ],
        [
          "然",
          "ぜん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Jūzen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "じゅうぜん"
      },
      "expansion": "柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-ja-name-e-fWwx6E",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 18 32 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-ja-name-iHTMlzqF",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑɨːzẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:柔然"
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Yuyeon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "유연",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "hangeul": "유연"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "Rouran",
          "word": "유연"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 유연 (“Rouran”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-ko-name-YgdRI7Xf",
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "유연",
          "유연#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper noun",
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "vi-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-vi-name-R-4HynD6",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nhu Nhiên",
          "Nhu Nhiên#Vietnamese:_柔然"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Rouran",
    "Chinese terms derived from Rouran",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 柔",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 然",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese proper nouns",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Rouran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Rouran"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-rou",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Rouran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Жоужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*mlju njen/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Tántán",
      "word": "檀檀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Huángruì",
      "word": "皇芮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ruìruì",
      "word": "芮芮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rúrú",
      "word": "茹茹"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Róurú",
      "word": "蝚蠕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
      "word": "蠕蠕"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese proper nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "柔然",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "柔",
          "じゅう"
        ],
        [
          "然",
          "ぜん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Jūzen",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "じゅうぜん"
      },
      "expansion": "柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[d͡ʑɨːzẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:柔然"
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Yuyeon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "유연",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "hangeul": "유연"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean hanja forms",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean proper nouns",
        "Korean proper nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "Rouran",
          "word": "유연"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 유연 (“Rouran”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "유연",
          "유연#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper noun",
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "vi-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese proper nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nhu Nhiên",
          "Nhu Nhiên#Vietnamese:_柔然"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 柔然 meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "柔然"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "柔然",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.