See 柔然 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rouran",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Rouran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "mis-rou",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"id": "en-柔然-zh-name-h7GyIDrs",
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Tántán",
"word": "檀檀"
},
{
"roman": "Huángruì",
"word": "皇芮"
},
{
"roman": "Ruìruì",
"word": "芮芮"
},
{
"roman": "Rúrú",
"word": "茹茹"
},
{
"roman": "Róurú",
"word": "蝚蠕"
},
{
"roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
"word": "蠕蠕"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Rouran"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Жоужань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mlju njen/"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "柔然",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"じゅう"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Jūzen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "じゅうぜん"
},
"expansion": "柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"id": "en-柔然-ja-name-h7GyIDrs",
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:柔然"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑɨːzẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Yuyeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "유연",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"hangeul": "유연"
},
"expansion": "柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Rouran",
"word": "유연"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 유연 (“Rouran”)"
],
"id": "en-柔然-ko-name-YgdRI7Xf",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"유연",
"유연#Korean"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "vi-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”)."
],
"id": "en-柔然-vi-name-R-4HynD6",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Nhu Nhiên",
"Nhu Nhiên#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran"
]
]
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rouran",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Rouran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "mis-rou",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Cantonese terms with homophones",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Rouran",
"Chinese terms derived from Rouran",
"Chinese terms spelled with 柔",
"Chinese terms spelled with 然",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Rouran"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Жоужань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mlju njen/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Tántán",
"word": "檀檀"
},
{
"roman": "Huángruì",
"word": "皇芮"
},
{
"roman": "Ruìruì",
"word": "芮芮"
},
{
"roman": "Rúrú",
"word": "茹茹"
},
{
"roman": "Róurú",
"word": "蝚蠕"
},
{
"roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
"word": "蠕蠕"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "柔然",
"ruby": [
[
"柔",
"じゅう"
],
[
"然",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Jūzen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "じゅうぜん"
},
"expansion": "柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:柔然"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑɨːzẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Yuyeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "유연",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"hangeul": "유연"
},
"expansion": "柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean proper nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Rouran",
"word": "유연"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 유연 (“Rouran”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"유연",
"유연#Korean"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "vi-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese proper nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Nhu Nhiên",
"Nhu Nhiên#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran"
]
]
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 柔然 meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"柔然"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "柔然",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"柔然"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "柔然",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.