柔然 in Chinese

IPA: /ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/, /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/ Chinese transliterations: Róurán [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Róurán [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Róurán [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Jou²-jan² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Róu-rán [Mandarin, Yale], Rouran [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Жоужань [Mandarin, Palladius], Žoužanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], yàuh yìhn [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], jau⁴ jin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], yeo⁴ yin⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong], nyuw nyen [Middle-Chinese], /*nu [n]a[n]/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*mlju njen/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Borrowed from Rouran. Etymology templates: {{bor+|zh|mis-rou|-}} Borrowed from Rouran Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 柔然

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Rouran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Rouran"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-rou",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "id": "en-柔然-zh-name-h7GyIDrs",
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Tántán",
          "word": "檀檀"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Huángruì",
          "word": "皇芮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ruìruì",
          "word": "芮芮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rúrú",
          "word": "茹茹"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Róurú",
          "word": "蝚蠕"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
          "word": "蠕蠕"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Rouran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Жоужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*mlju njen/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Rouran",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Rouran"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-rou",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "柔然",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese proper nouns",
        "Cantonese terms with homophones",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese proper nouns",
        "Chinese terms borrowed from Rouran",
        "Chinese terms derived from Rouran",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 柔",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 然",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese terms with historical senses",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin proper nouns",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
        "Old Chinese lemmas",
        "Old Chinese proper nouns",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
        "Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q155361"
        ],
        [
          "khaganate",
          "khaganate"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolia",
          "Mongolia"
        ],
        [
          "northern",
          "northern"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China"
        ],
        [
          "Siberia",
          "Siberia"
        ],
        [
          "tribal",
          "tribal"
        ],
        [
          "confederation",
          "confederation"
        ],
        [
          "Mongolic",
          "Mongolic"
        ],
        [
          "Donghu",
          "Donghu"
        ],
        [
          "Rouran",
          "Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)",
        "(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róurán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Rouran"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Жоужань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*mlju njen/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Tántán",
      "word": "檀檀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Huángruì",
      "word": "皇芮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ruìruì",
      "word": "芮芮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rúrú",
      "word": "茹茹"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Róurú",
      "word": "蝚蠕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
      "word": "蠕蠕"
    }
  ],
  "word": "柔然"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "柔然"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "柔然",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"柔然" meaning in Chinese

Proper name