See 柔然 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rouran",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Rouran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "mis-rou",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 18 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
],
"id": "en-柔然-zh-name-e-fWwx6E",
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"id": "en-柔然-zh-name-iHTMlzqF",
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Rouran"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Жоужань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mlju njen/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Tántán",
"word": "檀檀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Huángruì",
"word": "皇芮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Ruìruì",
"word": "芮芮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Rúrú",
"word": "茹茹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Róurú",
"word": "蝚蠕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
"word": "蠕蠕"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Rouran",
"Chinese terms derived from Rouran",
"Chinese terms spelled with 柔",
"Chinese terms spelled with 然",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Rouran",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Rouran",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Rouran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "mis-rou",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Rouran",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Rouran.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "柔然",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q155361"
],
[
"khaganate",
"khaganate"
],
[
"Mongolia",
"Mongolia"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
],
[
"tribal",
"tribal"
],
[
"confederation",
"confederation"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic"
],
[
"Donghu",
"Donghu"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rouran",
"Rouran#English:_Q48816637"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róurán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Jou²-jan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Róu-rán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Rouran"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Жоужань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Žoužanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yàuh yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jau⁴ jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "yeo⁴ yin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyuw nyen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nu [n]a[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mlju njen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mlju njen/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Tántán",
"word": "檀檀"
},
{
"roman": "Huángruì",
"word": "皇芮"
},
{
"roman": "Ruìruì",
"word": "芮芮"
},
{
"roman": "Rúrú",
"word": "茹茹"
},
{
"roman": "Róurú",
"word": "蝚蠕"
},
{
"roman": "Ruǎnruǎn",
"word": "蠕蠕"
}
],
"word": "柔然"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 柔然 meaning in Chinese (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.