See 抽象 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 抽象 meaning in All languages combined (22.7kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jùtǐ",
"word": "具體"
},
{
"roman": "jùtǐ",
"word": "具体"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "abstract thing",
"roman": "chōuxiàng shìwù",
"text": "抽象事物",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "abstract concept",
"roman": "chōuxiàng gàiniàn",
"text": "抽象概念",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "abstract thought",
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"text": "抽象思維／抽象思维",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstract (not specific)"
],
"id": "en-抽象-zh-adj-g6qD-5DE",
"links": [
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kōngdòng",
"word": "空洞"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cau¹ zoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-chhiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu¹ siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chousiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻou¹-hsiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chōu-syàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "choushianq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чоусян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čousjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chāu jeuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsau¹ dzoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ceo¹ zêng⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiusiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-tshiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiuchiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thiu-siōng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wasei kango",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "chōuxiàngzhǔyì",
"word": "抽象主義"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàngzhǔyì",
"word": "抽象主义"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishù",
"word": "抽象代數"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishù",
"word": "抽象代数"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishùxué",
"word": "抽象代數學"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishùxué",
"word": "抽象代数学"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng láodòng",
"word": "抽象勞動"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng láodòng",
"word": "抽象劳动"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象化"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng míngcí",
"word": "抽象名詞"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng míngcí",
"word": "抽象名词"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"word": "抽象思維"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"word": "抽象思维"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象畫"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象画"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to form a general idea from particular circumstances; to abstract"
],
"id": "en-抽象-zh-verb-DU0~Sc6G",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"circumstances",
"circumstances"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cau¹ zoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-chhiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu¹ siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chousiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻou¹-hsiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chōu-syàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "choushianq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чоусян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čousjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chāu jeuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsau¹ dzoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ceo¹ zêng⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiusiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-tshiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiuchiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thiu-siōng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "English abstract",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "concrete",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appeared in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō as a translation of English abstract, as opposed to concrete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抽象",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ちうしやう",
"roman": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちゅうしょう",
"hhira": "ちうしやう"
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) • (chūshō) ^(←ちうしやう (tiusyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "具体"
},
{
"word": "具象"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "chūshōka",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "抽象化"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōga",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"word": "抽象画"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō gainen",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"概",
"がい"
],
[
"念",
"ねん"
]
],
"word": "抽象概念"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō geijutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"芸",
"げい"
],
[
"術",
"じゅつ"
]
],
"word": "抽象芸術"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"性",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "抽象性"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō daisūgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"数",
"すう"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "抽象代数学"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōteki",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
]
],
"word": "抽象的"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō hyōgen shugi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"表",
"ひょう"
],
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"主",
"しゅ"
],
[
"義",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "抽象表現主義"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō meishi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"名",
"めい"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "抽象名詞"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōron",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
]
],
"word": "抽象論"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I learned this from Marx: he called it “historical abstraction” (historische Abstraktion).",
"ref": "1927, 三木清 [Kiyoshi Miki], 唯物史観と現代の意識 (Yuibutsushikan to Gendai no Ishiki)",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"み"
],
[
"木",
"き"
],
[
"清",
"きよし"
],
[
"唯",
"ゆい"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"史",
"し"
],
[
"観",
"かん"
],
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"意",
"い"
],
[
"識",
"しき"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"學",
"まな"
],
[
"實",
"じつ"
],
[
"歴",
"れき"
],
[
"史",
"し"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
],
[
"抽",
"ちう"
],
[
"象",
"しやう"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"過",
"くわ"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
]
],
"text": "私はこのことをマルクスから學んだ。それは實にマルクスが「歴史的抽象」（historische Abstraktion）と呼んだところの過程である。\nWatashi wa kono koto o Marukusu kara mananda. Sore wa jitsu ni Marukusu ga “rekishiteki chūshō” (historische Abstraktion) to yonda tokoro no katei de aru."
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction"
],
"id": "en-抽象-ja-noun-VbTuoet3",
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちゅうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨᵝːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inoue Tetsujirō",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"University of Tokyo",
"ja:広辞苑",
"ja:抽象"
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "抽象",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "추상(抽象)",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 추상(抽象) (chusang)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 추상(抽象) (chusang)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừu tượng",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: trừu tượng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: trừu tượng"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "English abstract",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "concrete",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appeared in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō as a translation of English abstract, as opposed to concrete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抽象する",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象し",
"roman": "chūshō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象した",
"roman": "chūshō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp the abstract points"
],
"id": "en-抽象-ja-verb-5Xq3UcA~"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちゅうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨᵝːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inoue Tetsujirō",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"University of Tokyo",
"ja:広辞苑",
"ja:抽象"
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "chusang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "추상",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "추상"
},
"expansion": "抽象 • (chusang) (hangeul 추상)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "abstraction",
"word": "추상"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 추상 (“abstraction”)."
],
"id": "en-抽象-ko-noun-kgvjSEMy",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"추상",
"추상#Korean"
],
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of trừu tượng (“abstract”)."
],
"id": "en-抽象-vi-adj-qRHiC06c",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"trừu tượng",
"trừu tượng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
]
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jùtǐ",
"word": "具體"
},
{
"roman": "jùtǐ",
"word": "具体"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Wasei kango"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "abstract thing",
"roman": "chōuxiàng shìwù",
"text": "抽象事物",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "abstract concept",
"roman": "chōuxiàng gàiniàn",
"text": "抽象概念",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "abstract thought",
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"text": "抽象思維／抽象思维",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstract (not specific)"
],
"links": [
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cau¹ zoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-chhiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu¹ siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chousiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻou¹-hsiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chōu-syàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "choushianq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чоусян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čousjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chāu jeuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsau¹ dzoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ceo¹ zêng⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiusiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-tshiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiuchiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thiu-siōng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kōngdòng",
"word": "空洞"
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Wasei kango"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "chōuxiàngzhǔyì",
"word": "抽象主義"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàngzhǔyì",
"word": "抽象主义"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishù",
"word": "抽象代數"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishù",
"word": "抽象代数"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishùxué",
"word": "抽象代數學"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng dàishùxué",
"word": "抽象代数学"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng láodòng",
"word": "抽象勞動"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng láodòng",
"word": "抽象劳动"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象化"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng míngcí",
"word": "抽象名詞"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng míngcí",
"word": "抽象名词"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"word": "抽象思維"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiàng sīwéi",
"word": "抽象思维"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象畫"
},
{
"roman": "chōuxiànghuà",
"word": "抽象画"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "和製漢語"
},
"expansion": "和製漢語",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Wasei kango"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "cat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "抽%象",
"2": "ちゅう%しょう"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"name": "wasei kango"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) (chūshō)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to form a general idea from particular circumstances; to abstract"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"circumstances",
"circumstances"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cau¹ zoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-chhiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiu¹ siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chōuxiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chousiàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻou¹-hsiang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chōu-syàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "choushianq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чоусян"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čousjan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chāu jeuhng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsau¹ dzoeng⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ceo¹ zêng⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siǒng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiusiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu-tshiāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tiuchiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiu siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thiu-siōng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "chūshōka",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "抽象化"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōga",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"画",
"が"
]
],
"word": "抽象画"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō gainen",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"概",
"がい"
],
[
"念",
"ねん"
]
],
"word": "抽象概念"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō geijutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"芸",
"げい"
],
[
"術",
"じゅつ"
]
],
"word": "抽象芸術"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"性",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "抽象性"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō daisūgaku",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"数",
"すう"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "抽象代数学"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōteki",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
]
],
"word": "抽象的"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō hyōgen shugi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"表",
"ひょう"
],
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"主",
"しゅ"
],
[
"義",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "抽象表現主義"
},
{
"roman": "chūshō meishi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"名",
"めい"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "抽象名詞"
},
{
"roman": "chūshōron",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
]
],
"word": "抽象論"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "English abstract",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "concrete",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appeared in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō as a translation of English abstract, as opposed to concrete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抽象",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ちうしやう",
"roman": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちゅうしょう",
"hhira": "ちうしやう"
},
"expansion": "抽(ちゅう)象(しょう) • (chūshō) ^(←ちうしやう (tiusyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "具体"
},
{
"word": "具象"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I learned this from Marx: he called it “historical abstraction” (historische Abstraktion).",
"ref": "1927, 三木清 [Kiyoshi Miki], 唯物史観と現代の意識 (Yuibutsushikan to Gendai no Ishiki)",
"ruby": [
[
"三",
"み"
],
[
"木",
"き"
],
[
"清",
"きよし"
],
[
"唯",
"ゆい"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"史",
"し"
],
[
"観",
"かん"
],
[
"現",
"げん"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
],
[
"意",
"い"
],
[
"識",
"しき"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"學",
"まな"
],
[
"實",
"じつ"
],
[
"歴",
"れき"
],
[
"史",
"し"
],
[
"的",
"てき"
],
[
"抽",
"ちう"
],
[
"象",
"しやう"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"過",
"くわ"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
]
],
"text": "私はこのことをマルクスから學んだ。それは實にマルクスが「歴史的抽象」（historische Abstraktion）と呼んだところの過程である。\nWatashi wa kono koto o Marukusu kara mananda. Sore wa jitsu ni Marukusu ga “rekishiteki chūshō” (historische Abstraktion) to yonda tokoro no katei de aru."
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction"
],
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちゅうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨᵝːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inoue Tetsujirō",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"University of Tokyo",
"ja:広辞苑",
"ja:抽象"
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "抽象",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 抽象 (chōuxiàng)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "추상(抽象)",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 추상(抽象) (chusang)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 추상(抽象) (chusang)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừu tượng",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: trừu tượng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: trừu tượng"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "哲学字彙",
"t": "Dictionary of Philosophy",
"tr": "Tetsugaku Jii"
},
"expansion": "哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”)",
"name": "lw"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "English abstract",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "concrete",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appeared in the 1881 work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) by Inoue Tetsujirō as a translation of English abstract, as opposed to concrete.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "抽象する",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tiusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象し",
"roman": "chūshō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象した",
"roman": "chūshō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"抽",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"象",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "抽象すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ちゅうしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūshō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grasp the abstract points"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちゅうしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕɨᵝːɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inoue Tetsujirō",
"Iwanami Shoten",
"Kōjien",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"Tōkyō",
"University of Tokyo",
"ja:広辞苑",
"ja:抽象"
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "chusang",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "추상",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "추상"
},
"expansion": "抽象 • (chusang) (hangeul 추상)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "abstraction",
"word": "추상"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 추상 (“abstraction”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"추상",
"추상#Korean"
],
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "抽象",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of trừu tượng (“abstract”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"trừu tượng",
"trừu tượng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
]
]
}
],
"word": "抽象"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"抽象"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "抽象",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.