See 對流 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "对流",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "zh:Physics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"convection"
],
"id": "en-對流-zh-noun-214Y0KFU",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) convection"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi³ lau⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tùi-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duèilióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dueyliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дуйлю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dujlju"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliúr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duèilióur"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴-liu²-ʼrh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi-lyóur"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dueylioul"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуйлюр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dujljur"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deui làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey³ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu³ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³ lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tùi-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuì-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "duieliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³ lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ liu²³/"
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "對流",
"ruby": [
[
"對",
"たい"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tairyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいりゅう"
},
"expansion": "對(たい)流(りゅう) • (tairyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "convection",
"word": "対流"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 対流 (“convection”)"
],
"id": "en-對流-ja-noun-a1m7u~tW",
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"対流",
"対流#Japanese"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "daeryu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "대류",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "대류"
},
"expansion": "對流 • (daeryu) (hangeul 대류)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "convection",
"word": "대류"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 대류 (“convection”)"
],
"id": "en-對流-ko-noun-VLJ8vlZ1",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"대류",
"대류#Korean"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of đối lưu (“convection”)"
],
"id": "en-對流-vi-noun-EzwBx~DV",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"đối lưu",
"đối lưu#Vietnamese:_對流"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "对流",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 對",
"Chinese terms spelled with 流",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"convection"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) convection"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi³ lau⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tùi-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "duèilióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dueyliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "дуйлю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "dujlju"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duìliúr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duèilióur"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴-liu²-ʼrh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi-lyóur"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dueylioul"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуйлюр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dujljur"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deui làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey³ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu³ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³ lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tùi-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tuì-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "duieliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³ lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁵³ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui¹¹⁻⁵³ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tui²¹⁻⁴¹ liu²³/"
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "對流",
"ruby": [
[
"對",
"たい"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tairyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいりゅう"
},
"expansion": "對(たい)流(りゅう) • (tairyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "convection",
"word": "対流"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 対流 (“convection”)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"対流",
"対流#Japanese"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "daeryu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "대류",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "대류"
},
"expansion": "對流 • (daeryu) (hangeul 대류)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "convection",
"word": "대류"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 대류 (“convection”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"대류",
"대류#Korean"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "對流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of đối lưu (“convection”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"đối lưu",
"đối lưu#Vietnamese:_對流"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
]
}
],
"word": "對流"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 對流 meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺'",
"path": [
"對流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "對流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"對流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "對流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"對流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "對流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"對流"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "對流",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-20 using wiktextract (ed078bd and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.