See 封建 on Wiktionary
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"tags": [
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"text": "昔周公弔二叔之不鹹，故封建親戚以蕃屏周。",
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"tags": [
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"text": "昔周公吊二叔之不咸，故封建亲戚以蕃屏周。",
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"etymology_text": "From Zuozhuan:\n*\n「封建」 in the Classic of Poetry is considered an unrelated sum-of-parts meaning 「大建」 \"[to] make grandly secure ~ [to] grandly establish\".",
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"roman": "bànfēngjiàn",
"word": "半封建"
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{
"roman": "fǎnfēngjiàn",
"word": "反封建"
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{
"word": "封土建國"
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{
"word": "封土建国"
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{
"word": "封地建國"
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{
"word": "封地建国"
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"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
"word": "封建主義"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
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{
"roman": "fēngjiànzhì",
"word": "封建制"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"word": "封建制度"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn gējù",
"word": "封建割據"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn gējù",
"word": "封建割据"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiànhuà",
"word": "封建化"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"word": "封建社會"
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{
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"word": "封建社会"
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{
"word": "封邦建國"
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{
"word": "封邦建国"
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"roman": "Zhòng fēngjiàn, fēi yǐ sī xián yě, suǒyǐ biàn shì quán wēi, suǒyǐ bó yì.",
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"text": "眾封建，非以私賢也，所以便勢全威，所以博義。",
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"text": "众封建，非以私贤也，所以便势全威，所以博义。",
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"english": "Even if the Sages and Worthies lived during this period, they would also be unable to establish themselves within the Realm, invested lords would instead do this. How can the system of the Sages' own design bring about this problem? I emphatically say, 'It was not designed by the Sages, but merely by circumstance.'",
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"ref": " Liu Zongyuan,《封建論》On Investiture, 9th century CE (translated by Nolan Bensen)",
"roman": "Shèngxián shēng yú qíshí, (yì) wú yǐ lì yú tiānxià, fēngjiàn zhě wèi zhī yě. Qǐ shèngrén zhī zhì shǐ zhì yúshì hū? Wú gù yuē: “Fēi shèngrén zhī yì yě, shì yě.”",
"tags": [
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"text": "聖賢生於其時，（亦）無以立於天下，封建者為之也。豈聖人之制使至於是乎？吾固曰：「非聖人之意也，勢也。」",
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"tags": [
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"text": "圣贤生于其时，（亦）无以立于天下，封建者为之也。岂圣人之制使至于是乎？吾固曰：「非圣人之意也，势也。」",
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"zh-pron": "hong¹ giang⁶"
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"zh-pron": "hongkiexn"
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{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
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},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
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},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
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"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
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{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/",
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"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/",
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"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
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],
"zh-pron": "hong kiăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/",
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"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
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"tags": [
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"zh-pron": "fon^平 ci"
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{
"tags": [
"Northern",
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],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ji"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
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},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/"
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{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/"
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"word": "封建"
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"tags": [
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"text": "昔周公弔二叔之不鹹，故封建親戚以蕃屏周。",
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"tags": [
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"text": "昔周公吊二叔之不咸，故封建亲戚以蕃屏周。",
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"kind": "other",
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]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feudal; feudalistic"
],
"id": "en-封建-zh-adj-o0RX2IsR",
"links": [
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"feudalistic",
"feudalistic"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stuffy; conservative; old-fashioned"
],
"id": "en-封建-zh-adj-ieW0D8Gz",
"links": [
[
"stuffy",
"stuffy"
],
[
"conservative",
"conservative"
],
[
"old-fashioned",
"old-fashioned"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong¹ giang⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fongjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fêng¹-chien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēng-jyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fengjiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "фэнцзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fɛnczjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fūng gin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hongkiexn"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong kiăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "fon^平 ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ji"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gǔbǎn",
"word": "古板"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǎoshì",
"word": "老式"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "老時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "老时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Central Plains Mandarin",
"roman": "bèishí",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jin",
"Wu"
],
"word": "背時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Central Plains Mandarin",
"roman": "bèishí",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jin",
"Wu"
],
"word": "背时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "舊落咆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "旧落咆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "舊落落"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "旧落落"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yūfǔ",
"word": "迂腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "退時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "退时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guòshí",
"word": "過時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "guòshí",
"word": "过时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "suānfǔ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "酸腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chén",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "陳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chén",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "陈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"word": "陳腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"word": "陈腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chénjiù",
"word": "陳舊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chénjiù",
"word": "陈旧"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cai Shu Du",
"Classic of Poetry",
"Duke of Zhou",
"Guan Shu Xian",
"Zuozhuan"
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "封建",
"ruby": [
[
"封",
"ほう"
],
[
"建",
"けん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほうけん"
},
"expansion": "封(ほう)建(けん) • (hōken)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Feudalism",
"orig": "ja:Feudalism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hōkenseido",
"ruby": [
[
"封建制度",
"ほうけんせいど"
]
],
"word": "封建制度"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feudalism"
],
"id": "en-封建-ja-noun-AdB8fIar",
"links": [
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bonggeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "봉건",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "봉건",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "封建 • (bonggeon) (hangeul 봉건)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "feudal; feudalism",
"word": "봉건"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 봉건 (“feudal; feudalism”)"
],
"id": "en-封建-ko-noun-MuHs32gB",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"봉건",
"봉건#Korean"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phong kiến (“feudal”)."
],
"id": "en-封建-vi-adj-PDHVOOs1",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phong kiến",
"phong kiến#Vietnamese:_封建"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 封",
"Chinese terms spelled with 建",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Feudalism"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bànfēngjiàn",
"word": "半封建"
},
{
"roman": "fǎnfēngjiàn",
"word": "反封建"
},
{
"word": "封土建國"
},
{
"word": "封土建国"
},
{
"word": "封地建國"
},
{
"word": "封地建国"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
"word": "封建主義"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
"word": "封建主义"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiànzhì",
"word": "封建制"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn gējù",
"word": "封建割據"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn gējù",
"word": "封建割据"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiànhuà",
"word": "封建化"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"word": "封建社會"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"word": "封建社会"
},
{
"word": "封邦建國"
},
{
"word": "封邦建国"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
130,
150
],
[
155,
177
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Formerly, the Duke of Zhou grieved that two royal uncles (Guan Shu Xian & Cai Shu Du) were not in accord with him. That is why he enfeoffed (\"封\" fēng) and established (\"建\" jiàn) kinsmen and relatives as a hedge and a screen for Zhou.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xī Zhōugōng diào èrshū zhī bùxián, gù fēngjiàn qīnqī yǐ fánpíng Zhōu.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔周公弔二叔之不鹹，故封建親戚以蕃屏周。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
130,
150
],
[
155,
177
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Formerly, the Duke of Zhou grieved that two royal uncles (Guan Shu Xian & Cai Shu Du) were not in accord with him. That is why he enfeoffed (\"封\" fēng) and established (\"建\" jiàn) kinsmen and relatives as a hedge and a screen for Zhou.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xī Zhōugōng diào èrshū zhī bùxián, gù fēngjiàn qīnqī yǐ fánpíng Zhōu.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔周公吊二叔之不咸，故封建亲戚以蕃屏周。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "「封建」"
},
"expansion": "「封建」",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "「大建」"
},
"expansion": "「大建」",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "《詩經集傳》"
},
"expansion": "《詩經集傳》",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BCE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BCE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "300 <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>"
},
"expansion": "c. 300 BCE",
"name": "circa"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Zuozhuan:\n*\n「封建」 in the Classic of Poetry is considered an unrelated sum-of-parts meaning 「大建」 \"[to] make grandly secure ~ [to] grandly establish\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "feudal polity",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhèngtǐ",
"text": "封建政體",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "feudal polity",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhèngtǐ",
"text": "封建政体",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"english": "They enfeoffed a multitude, not because of any personal interest in worthies, but because this was the most convenient way to exercise control and keep their majesty intact, as well as the way to extend the rule of justice.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE",
"roman": "Zhòng fēngjiàn, fēi yǐ sī xián yě, suǒyǐ biàn shì quán wēi, suǒyǐ bó yì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "眾封建，非以私賢也，所以便勢全威，所以博義。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
14
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"english": "They enfeoffed a multitude, not because of any personal interest in worthies, but because this was the most convenient way to exercise control and keep their majesty intact, as well as the way to extend the rule of justice.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE",
"roman": "Zhòng fēngjiàn, fēi yǐ sī xián yě, suǒyǐ biàn shì quán wēi, suǒyǐ bó yì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "众封建，非以私贤也，所以便势全威，所以博义。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
125,
133
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"english": "Even if the Sages and Worthies lived during this period, they would also be unable to establish themselves within the Realm, invested lords would instead do this. How can the system of the Sages' own design bring about this problem? I emphatically say, 'It was not designed by the Sages, but merely by circumstance.'",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Zongyuan,《封建論》On Investiture, 9th century CE (translated by Nolan Bensen)",
"roman": "Shèngxián shēng yú qíshí, (yì) wú yǐ lì yú tiānxià, fēngjiàn zhě wèi zhī yě. Qǐ shèngrén zhī zhì shǐ zhì yúshì hū? Wú gù yuē: “Fēi shèngrén zhī yì yě, shì yě.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "聖賢生於其時，（亦）無以立於天下，封建者為之也。豈聖人之制使至於是乎？吾固曰：「非聖人之意也，勢也。」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
125,
133
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
19
]
],
"english": "Even if the Sages and Worthies lived during this period, they would also be unable to establish themselves within the Realm, invested lords would instead do this. How can the system of the Sages' own design bring about this problem? I emphatically say, 'It was not designed by the Sages, but merely by circumstance.'",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Zongyuan,《封建論》On Investiture, 9th century CE (translated by Nolan Bensen)",
"roman": "Shèngxián shēng yú qíshí, (yì) wú yǐ lì yú tiānxià, fēngjiàn zhě wèi zhī yě. Qǐ shèngrén zhī zhì shǐ zhì yúshì hū? Wú gù yuē: “Fēi shèngrén zhī yì yě, shì yě.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "圣贤生于其时，（亦）无以立于天下，封建者为之也。岂圣人之制使至于是乎？吾固曰：「非圣人之意也，势也。」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fengjian (a system of enfeoffment in ancient China); (by extension) feudalism; European feudalism"
],
"links": [
[
"system",
"system#English"
],
[
"enfeoffment",
"enfeoffment#English"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
],
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism"
],
[
"European",
"European"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) fengjian (a system of enfeoffment in ancient China); (by extension) feudalism; European feudalism"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong¹ giang⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fongjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fêng¹-chien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēng-jyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fengjiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "фэнцзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fɛnczjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fūng gin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hongkiexn"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong kiăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "fon^平 ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ji"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"as a concept"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "封建主義"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as a concept"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhǔyì",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "封建主义"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiànzhì",
"word": "封建制"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as a society"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "封建社會"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as a society"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn shèhuì",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "封建社会"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cai Shu Du",
"Classic of Poetry",
"Duke of Zhou",
"Guan Shu Xian",
"Zuozhuan"
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 封",
"Chinese terms spelled with 建",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Feudalism"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
130,
150
],
[
155,
177
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Formerly, the Duke of Zhou grieved that two royal uncles (Guan Shu Xian & Cai Shu Du) were not in accord with him. That is why he enfeoffed (\"封\" fēng) and established (\"建\" jiàn) kinsmen and relatives as a hedge and a screen for Zhou.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xī Zhōugōng diào èrshū zhī bùxián, gù fēngjiàn qīnqī yǐ fánpíng Zhōu.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔周公弔二叔之不鹹，故封建親戚以蕃屏周。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
130,
150
],
[
155,
177
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Formerly, the Duke of Zhou grieved that two royal uncles (Guan Shu Xian & Cai Shu Du) were not in accord with him. That is why he enfeoffed (\"封\" fēng) and established (\"建\" jiàn) kinsmen and relatives as a hedge and a screen for Zhou.",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese poetry",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Xī Zhōugōng diào èrshū zhī bùxián, gù fēngjiàn qīnqī yǐ fánpíng Zhōu.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "昔周公吊二叔之不咸，故封建亲戚以蕃屏周。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "「封建」"
},
"expansion": "「封建」",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "「大建」"
},
"expansion": "「大建」",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "《詩經集傳》"
},
"expansion": "《詩經集傳》",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BCE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BCE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "300 <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>"
},
"expansion": "c. 300 BCE",
"name": "circa"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Zuozhuan:\n*\n「封建」 in the Classic of Poetry is considered an unrelated sum-of-parts meaning 「大建」 \"[to] make grandly secure ~ [to] grandly establish\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "feudalistic and superstitious (things)",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "fēngjiàn míxìn",
"text": "封建迷信",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feudal; feudalistic"
],
"links": [
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"feudalistic",
"feudalistic"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stuffy; conservative; old-fashioned"
],
"links": [
[
"stuffy",
"stuffy"
],
[
"conservative",
"conservative"
],
[
"old-fashioned",
"old-fashioned"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong¹ giang⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēngjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄐㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fongjiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fêng¹-chien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fēng-jyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fengjiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "фэнцзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "fɛnczjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fūng gin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fung¹ gin³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hong-kiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hongkiexn"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hong kiăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ci"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "fon^平 ci"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹fon-ji"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kiːn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ kiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gǔbǎn",
"word": "古板"
},
{
"roman": "lǎoshì",
"word": "老式"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "老時"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "老时"
},
{
"english": "Central Plains Mandarin",
"roman": "bèishí",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jin",
"Wu"
],
"word": "背時"
},
{
"english": "Central Plains Mandarin",
"roman": "bèishí",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jin",
"Wu"
],
"word": "背时"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "舊落咆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "旧落咆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "舊落落"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "旧落落"
},
{
"roman": "yūfǔ",
"word": "迂腐"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "退時"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "退时"
},
{
"roman": "guòshí",
"word": "過時"
},
{
"roman": "guòshí",
"word": "过时"
},
{
"roman": "suānfǔ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "酸腐"
},
{
"roman": "chén",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "陳"
},
{
"roman": "chén",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "陈"
},
{
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"word": "陳腐"
},
{
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"word": "陈腐"
},
{
"roman": "chénjiù",
"word": "陳舊"
},
{
"roman": "chénjiù",
"word": "陈旧"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cai Shu Du",
"Classic of Poetry",
"Duke of Zhou",
"Guan Shu Xian",
"Zuozhuan"
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hōkenseido",
"ruby": [
[
"封建制度",
"ほうけんせいど"
]
],
"word": "封建制度"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "封建",
"ruby": [
[
"封",
"ほう"
],
[
"建",
"けん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōken",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほうけん"
},
"expansion": "封(ほう)建(けん) • (hōken)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Feudalism"
],
"glosses": [
"feudalism"
],
"links": [
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːkẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bonggeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "봉건",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "봉건",
"rv": ""
},
"expansion": "封建 • (bonggeon) (hangeul 봉건)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "feudal; feudalism",
"word": "봉건"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 봉건 (“feudal; feudalism”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"봉건",
"봉건#Korean"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "封建",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of phong kiến (“feudal”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"phong kiến",
"phong kiến#Vietnamese:_封建"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "封建"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 封建 meaning in All languages combined (22.0kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"封建"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "封建",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"封建"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "封建",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"封建"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "封建",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%99%B3%E8%88%8A'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"封建"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "封建",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"封建"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "封建",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.