"匠" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 7171₂, composition ⿷匚斤)"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-mul-character-iHUXIYet",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kangxi radical",
          "Kangxi radical"
        ],
        [
          "匚",
          "匚#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "斤",
          "斤#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "一代宗匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "丁匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "刀匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tìtóujiàng",
      "word": "剃頭匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tìtóujiàng",
      "word": "剃头匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "劣匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiàngrén",
      "word": "匠人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠作"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠伯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠師"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠师"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiàngxīn",
      "word": "匠心"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠意"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠成"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠戶"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠户"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匠氏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiàngqì",
      "word": "匠氣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiàngqì",
      "word": "匠气"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiàngshí",
      "word": "匠石"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "匣匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "哲匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大匠不斲"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "字匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zōngjiàng",
      "word": "宗匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "將作大匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "将作大匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "將匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "将匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "小爐兒匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "小炉儿匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngjiàng",
      "word": "工匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jùjiàng",
      "word": "巨匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiǎojiàng",
      "word": "巧匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "帖匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "帽匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "弓匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "心匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "意匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "把式匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "接骨匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "摟包兒匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "搂包儿匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiāoshūjiàng",
      "word": "教書匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiāoshūjiàng",
      "word": "教书匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mùjiàng",
      "word": "木匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "桶匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "梓匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "梓匠輪輿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "梓匠轮舆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "péngjiang",
      "word": "棚匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "機匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "机匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "毛毛匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "法匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "níshuǐjiàng",
      "word": "泥水匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "油漆匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "níwǎjiàng",
      "word": "泥瓦匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "漆匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "理髮匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "理发匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wǎjiàng",
      "word": "瓦匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wèngzǐjiàng",
      "word": "甕子匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wèngzǐjiàng",
      "word": "瓮子匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huàjiàng",
      "word": "畫匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huàjiàng",
      "word": "画匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "píjiàng",
      "word": "皮匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "石匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "筆匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "笔匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mièjiàng",
      "word": "篾匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "繡匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "绣匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chòupíjiàng",
      "word": "臭皮匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chuánjiàng",
      "word": "船匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "liángjiàng",
      "word": "良匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huājiàng",
      "word": "花匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "衣匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "裱糊匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "解匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "譯匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "译匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chējiàng",
      "word": "車匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chējiàng",
      "word": "车匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "軍匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "军匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "郢匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "郢匠揮斤"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "郢匠挥斤"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "都料匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "醫匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "医匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jīnjiàng",
      "word": "金匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "針筆匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "针笔匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tóngjiàng",
      "word": "銅匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tóngjiàng",
      "word": "铜匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínjiàng",
      "word": "銀匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínjiàng",
      "word": "银匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xījiàng",
      "word": "錫匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xījiàng",
      "word": "锡匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "suǒjiàng",
      "word": "鎖匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "suǒjiàng",
      "word": "锁匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tiějiàng",
      "word": "鐵匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tiějiàng",
      "word": "铁匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "táojiàng",
      "word": "陶匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "雕刻匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xuējiàng",
      "word": "靴匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiéjiàng",
      "word": "鞋匠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "香匠"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tai-swe-pro",
            "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "artisan; skillful"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "ช่าง"
          },
          "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nod",
            "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kkh",
            "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
          },
          "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lo",
            "2": "ຊ່າງ"
          },
          "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khb",
            "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"
          },
          "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "shn",
            "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"
          },
          "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phk",
            "2": "ꩡင်"
          },
          "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aho",
            "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"
          },
          "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "cangh",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "someone in a particular profession"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "ជាង",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ic",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚",
        "2": "斤",
        "ls": "ic",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "box",
        "t2": "axe"
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚",
        "2": "斤",
        "c1": "p",
        "c2": "s",
        "ls": "psc",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t2": "axe"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བྱང",
        "3": "",
        "4": "skilled"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Bodman, 1980"
      },
      "expansion": "Bodman, 1980",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"
      },
      "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚"
      },
      "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler (2007)"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mkh"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon-Khmer",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចាំង",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Jacques (2015)"
      },
      "expansion": "Jacques (2015)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "མཛངས",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wise; intelligent"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "臧",
        "2": "good",
        "tr": "*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匞"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "匠",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Min hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "craftsman; artisan; workman"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-zh-character-HQrQpTE7",
      "links": [
        [
          "craftsman",
          "craftsman"
        ],
        [
          "artisan",
          "artisan"
        ],
        [
          "workman",
          "workman"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "master"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-zh-character-~GE7Tf1n",
      "links": [
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "tiōng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chióng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cion⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qio¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "zian⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзян"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czjan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "giang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jeuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiōng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chióng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chviu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei",
        "Yilan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kinmen",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chvioi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tainan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Changtai",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siūnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sviu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Lukang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsiăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "qio¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zian⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzjangH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiāng /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cion⁷ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chhiōⁿ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chhiāng/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cion⁷ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sbaŋs/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Shuowen"
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Jōyō kanji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "shōki",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ],
            [
              "気",
              "き"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "匠気"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ishō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "意",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "意匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shishō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "師",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "師匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sōshō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "宗匠",
              "そうしょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "宗匠"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "たくみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "takumi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "たくみ"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(たくみ) • (takumi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "craftsman, artisan"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ja-noun-j1cZU1Us"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "craft, craftsmanship, skill"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ja-noun-lZw3DChe"
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "たくみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Takumi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "たくみ"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(たくみ) • (Takumi)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Japanese given names",
          "parents": [
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Japanese male given names",
          "parents": [
            "Male given names",
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 0 0 57 3 21 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 0 0 58 3 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 86 4 7 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 83 5 8 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 79 2 12 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 74 7 12 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 83 5 7 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 5 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しょう"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(しょう) • (shō)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "ushō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鵜",
              "う"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鵜匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gashō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "画",
              "が"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "画匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gakushō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "楽",
              "がく"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "楽匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kenshō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "剣",
              "けん"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "剣匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kōshō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "工",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "工匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sakashō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "酒",
              "さか"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "酒匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shishō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "梓",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "梓匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shūshō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "繍",
              "しゅう"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "繍匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sekishō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "石",
              "せき"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "石匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "takajō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "鷹",
              "たか"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "じょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "鷹匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "tōshō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "刀",
              "とう"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "刀匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "meishō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "名",
              "めい"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "名匠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mokushō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "木",
              "もく"
            ],
            [
              "匠",
              "しょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "木匠"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skilled worker"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ja-noun-jf9WSdLZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "skilled",
          "skilled"
        ],
        [
          "worker",
          "worker"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匠",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "匠 (MC dzjangH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "s:훈몽자회/人類#중02A",
        "3": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "쟈ᇰ〯",
        "2": "cyang",
        "3": "人類#중02A"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
      "name": "hanja-hunmong"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "장인 장",
      "roman": "jang'in jang",
      "tags": [
        "eumhun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "장인",
        "2": "장"
      },
      "expansion": "匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))",
      "name": "ko-hanja"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean hanja",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean hanja",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "alt": "工匠",
          "english": "craftsman",
          "roman": "gongjang",
          "word": "공장"
        },
        {
          "alt": "匠人",
          "english": "craftsman; artisan",
          "roman": "jang'in",
          "word": "장인"
        },
        {
          "alt": "巨匠",
          "english": "master, virtuoso",
          "roman": "geojang",
          "word": "거장"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "craftsman, artisan",
          "word": "장"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-匠-ko-character-rlDO1~rJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "장",
          "장#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "craftsman",
          "craftsman"
        ],
        [
          "artisan",
          "artisan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "工"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tượng",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "id": "en-匠-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese hanzi",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 匠",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Eastern Min hanzi",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Middle Chinese hanzi",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Northern Min hanzi",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min nouns",
    "Old Chinese hanzi",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese nouns",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "一代宗匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "丁匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "刀匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tìtóujiàng",
      "word": "剃頭匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tìtóujiàng",
      "word": "剃头匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "劣匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiàngrén",
      "word": "匠人"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠作"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠伯"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠師"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠师"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiàngxīn",
      "word": "匠心"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠意"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠成"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠戶"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠户"
    },
    {
      "word": "匠氏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiàngqì",
      "word": "匠氣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiàngqì",
      "word": "匠气"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiàngshí",
      "word": "匠石"
    },
    {
      "word": "匣匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "哲匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "大匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "大匠不斲"
    },
    {
      "word": "字匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zōngjiàng",
      "word": "宗匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "將作大匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "将作大匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "將匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "将匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "小爐兒匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "小炉儿匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngjiàng",
      "word": "工匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jùjiàng",
      "word": "巨匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiǎojiàng",
      "word": "巧匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "帖匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "帽匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "弓匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "心匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "意匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "把式匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "接骨匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "摟包兒匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "搂包儿匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāoshūjiàng",
      "word": "教書匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāoshūjiàng",
      "word": "教书匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mùjiàng",
      "word": "木匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "桶匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "梓匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "梓匠輪輿"
    },
    {
      "word": "梓匠轮舆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "péngjiang",
      "word": "棚匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "機匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "机匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "毛毛匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "法匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "níshuǐjiàng",
      "word": "泥水匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "油漆匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "níwǎjiàng",
      "word": "泥瓦匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "漆匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "理髮匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "理发匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wǎjiàng",
      "word": "瓦匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wèngzǐjiàng",
      "word": "甕子匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wèngzǐjiàng",
      "word": "瓮子匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huàjiàng",
      "word": "畫匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huàjiàng",
      "word": "画匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "píjiàng",
      "word": "皮匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "石匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "筆匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "笔匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mièjiàng",
      "word": "篾匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "繡匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "绣匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chòupíjiàng",
      "word": "臭皮匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chuánjiàng",
      "word": "船匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "liángjiàng",
      "word": "良匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huājiàng",
      "word": "花匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "衣匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "裱糊匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "解匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "譯匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìjiàng",
      "word": "译匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chējiàng",
      "word": "車匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chējiàng",
      "word": "车匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "軍匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "军匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "郢匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "郢匠揮斤"
    },
    {
      "word": "郢匠挥斤"
    },
    {
      "word": "都料匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "醫匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "医匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīnjiàng",
      "word": "金匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "針筆匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "针笔匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tóngjiàng",
      "word": "銅匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tóngjiàng",
      "word": "铜匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínjiàng",
      "word": "銀匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínjiàng",
      "word": "银匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xījiàng",
      "word": "錫匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xījiàng",
      "word": "锡匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suǒjiàng",
      "word": "鎖匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "suǒjiàng",
      "word": "锁匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiějiàng",
      "word": "鐵匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiějiàng",
      "word": "铁匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "táojiàng",
      "word": "陶匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "雕刻匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xuējiàng",
      "word": "靴匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiéjiàng",
      "word": "鞋匠"
    },
    {
      "word": "香匠"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tai-swe-pro",
            "2": "*ɟaːŋᴮ²",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "artisan; skillful"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "th",
            "2": "ช่าง"
          },
          "expansion": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Thai: ช่าง (châang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nod",
            "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kkh",
            "2": "ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
          },
          "expansion": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lo",
            "2": "ຊ່າງ"
          },
          "expansion": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khb",
            "2": "ᦋᦱᧂᧈ"
          },
          "expansion": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "shn",
            "2": "ၸၢင်ႈ"
          },
          "expansion": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phk",
            "2": "ꩡင်"
          },
          "expansion": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aho",
            "2": "𑜋𑜂𑜫"
          },
          "expansion": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "cangh",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "someone in a particular profession"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "ជាង",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ic",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚",
        "2": "斤",
        "ls": "ic",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "box",
        "t2": "axe"
      },
      "expansion": "ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang, 2003"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 2003",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pron": "OC *sbaŋs"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚",
        "2": "斤",
        "c1": "p",
        "c2": "s",
        "ls": "psc",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t2": "axe"
      },
      "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བྱང",
        "3": "",
        "4": "skilled"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Bodman, 1980"
      },
      "expansion": "Bodman, 1980",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012"
      },
      "expansion": "Sagart and Baxter, 2012",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匚"
      },
      "expansion": "匚 (OC *paŋ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Baxter and Sagart, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler (2007)"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Chinese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mkh"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon-Khmer",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចាំង",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dress; to trim (wood)"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Jacques (2015)"
      },
      "expansion": "Jacques (2015)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Tibetan",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "མཛངས",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wise; intelligent"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "臧",
        "2": "good",
        "tr": "*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匞"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "匠",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "craftsman; artisan; workman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "craftsman",
          "craftsman"
        ],
        [
          "artisan",
          "artisan"
        ],
        [
          "workman",
          "workman"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "master"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "tiōng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chióng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiūⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiōⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siūⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiǔⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciên⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cion⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ziang⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "qio¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "zian⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jyàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jianq"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзян"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czjan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "giang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jeuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzoeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zêng⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiong⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiōng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chióng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiūnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chviu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei",
        "Yilan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kinmen",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chvioi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tainan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Changtai",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siūnn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sviu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiǔnn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Lukang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chiang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiēⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshiōⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsiăng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "qio¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "jiang⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zian⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzjangH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*s.baŋ-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sbaŋs/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiōⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiǔⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chhiāng /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cion⁷ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sœːŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɔŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiũ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chhiōⁿ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chhiāng/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cion⁷ /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ tshiōⁿ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡si̯æn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*s.baŋ-s/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sbaŋs/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Shuowen"
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese jōyō kanji",
    "Japanese kanji",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading ぞう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ざう",
    "Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading たくみ",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 匠",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "shōki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "気",
          "き"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "匠気"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ishō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "意",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "意匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shishō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "師",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "師匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sōshō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "宗匠",
          "そうしょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "宗匠"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Jōyō kanji",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "kanji",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese proper nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 匠",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "たくみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "takumi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "たくみ"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(たくみ) • (takumi)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "craftsman, artisan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "craft, craftsmanship, skill"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese proper nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 匠",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "たくみ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Takumi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "たくみ"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(たくみ) • (Takumi)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese given names",
        "Japanese male given names",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 匠",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "ushō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鵜",
          "う"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鵜匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gashō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "画",
          "が"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "画匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gakushō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "楽",
          "がく"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "楽匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kenshō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "剣",
          "けん"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "剣匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kōshō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "工",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "工匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sakashō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "酒",
          "さか"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "酒匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shishō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "梓",
          "し"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "梓匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shūshō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "繍",
          "しゅう"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "繍匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sekishō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "石",
          "せき"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "石匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "takajō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鷹",
          "たか"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "じょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鷹匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tōshō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "刀",
          "とう"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "刀匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "meishō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "名",
          "めい"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "名匠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mokushō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "木",
          "もく"
        ],
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "木匠"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "匠",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "匠",
          "しょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しょう"
      },
      "expansion": "匠(しょう) • (shō)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "skilled worker"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skilled",
          "skilled"
        ],
        [
          "worker",
          "worker"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "工匠",
      "english": "craftsman",
      "roman": "gongjang",
      "word": "공장"
    },
    {
      "alt": "匠人",
      "english": "craftsman; artisan",
      "roman": "jang'in",
      "word": "장인"
    },
    {
      "alt": "巨匠",
      "english": "master, virtuoso",
      "roman": "geojang",
      "word": "거장"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匠",
        "id": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "匠 (MC dzjangH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "s:훈몽자회/人類#중02A",
        "3": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회",
      "name": "lw"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "쟈ᇰ〯",
        "2": "cyang",
        "3": "人類#중02A"
      },
      "expansion": "Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
      "name": "hanja-hunmong"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "장인 장",
      "roman": "jang'in jang",
      "tags": [
        "eumhun"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "장인",
        "2": "장"
      },
      "expansion": "匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))",
      "name": "ko-hanja"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean hanja",
        "Korean hanja forms",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Middle Korean hanja",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "craftsman, artisan",
          "word": "장"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "장",
          "장#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "craftsman",
          "craftsman"
        ],
        [
          "artisan",
          "artisan"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Hanja"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "工"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "lang": "Translingual",
  "lang_code": "mul",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Han script characters",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
        "Translingual lemmas",
        "Translingual symbols",
        "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 7171₂, composition ⿷匚斤)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kangxi radical",
          "Kangxi radical"
        ],
        [
          "匚",
          "匚#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "斤",
          "斤#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tượng",
      "tags": [
        "Hán-Nôm"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Han characters",
        "Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
        "Vietnamese lemmas"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "han"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "匠"
}

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  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "path": [
    "匠"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "path": [
    "匠"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "path": [
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  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Leizhou Pinyin'",
  "path": [
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "匠",
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{
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  "title": "匠",
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{
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{
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  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
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{
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  "section": "Japanese",
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{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "匠/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 匠\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Eastern Min hanzi\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Northern Min hanzi\", \"Northern Min lemmas\", \"Northern Min nouns\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"一代宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"丁匠\"}, {\"word\": \"刀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃頭匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tìtóujiàng\", \"word\": \"剃头匠\"}, {\"word\": \"劣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngrén\", \"word\": \"匠人\"}, {\"word\": \"匠作\"}, {\"word\": \"匠伯\"}, {\"word\": \"匠師\"}, {\"word\": \"匠师\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngxīn\", \"word\": \"匠心\"}, {\"word\": \"匠意\"}, {\"word\": \"匠成\"}, {\"word\": \"匠戶\"}, {\"word\": \"匠户\"}, {\"word\": \"匠氏\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠氣\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngqì\", \"word\": \"匠气\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiàngshí\", \"word\": \"匠石\"}, {\"word\": \"匣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"哲匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"大匠不斲\"}, {\"word\": \"字匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"zōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"宗匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将作大匠\"}, {\"word\": \"將匠\"}, {\"word\": \"将匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小爐兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"小炉儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiàng\", \"word\": \"工匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jùjiàng\", \"word\": \"巨匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiǎojiàng\", \"word\": \"巧匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帖匠\"}, {\"word\": \"帽匠\"}, {\"word\": \"弓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"心匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"意匠\"}, {\"word\": \"把式匠\"}, {\"word\": \"接骨匠\"}, {\"word\": \"摟包兒匠\"}, {\"word\": \"搂包儿匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教書匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jiāoshūjiàng\", \"word\": \"教书匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mùjiàng\", \"word\": \"木匠\"}, {\"word\": \"桶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠輪輿\"}, {\"word\": \"梓匠轮舆\"}, {\"roman\": \"péngjiang\", \"word\": \"棚匠\"}, {\"word\": \"機匠\"}, {\"word\": \"机匠\"}, {\"word\": \"毛毛匠\"}, {\"word\": \"法匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níshuǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥水匠\"}, {\"word\": \"油漆匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"níwǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"泥瓦匠\"}, {\"word\": \"漆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理髮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"理发匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wǎjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓦匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"甕子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"wèngzǐjiàng\", \"word\": \"瓮子匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"畫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huàjiàng\", \"word\": \"画匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"píjiàng\", \"word\": \"皮匠\"}, {\"word\": \"石匠\"}, {\"word\": \"筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"mièjiàng\", \"word\": \"篾匠\"}, {\"word\": \"繡匠\"}, {\"word\": \"绣匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chòupíjiàng\", \"word\": \"臭皮匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chuánjiàng\", \"word\": \"船匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"liángjiàng\", \"word\": \"良匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"huājiàng\", \"word\": \"花匠\"}, {\"word\": \"衣匠\"}, {\"word\": \"裱糊匠\"}, {\"word\": \"解匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"譯匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yìjiàng\", \"word\": \"译匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"車匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"chējiàng\", \"word\": \"车匠\"}, {\"word\": \"軍匠\"}, {\"word\": \"军匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠揮斤\"}, {\"word\": \"郢匠挥斤\"}, {\"word\": \"都料匠\"}, {\"word\": \"醫匠\"}, {\"word\": \"医匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"jīnjiàng\", \"word\": \"金匠\"}, {\"word\": \"針筆匠\"}, {\"word\": \"针笔匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"銅匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tóngjiàng\", \"word\": \"铜匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"銀匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"yínjiàng\", \"word\": \"银匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"錫匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xījiàng\", \"word\": \"锡匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"鎖匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"suǒjiàng\", \"word\": \"锁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"鐵匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiějiàng\", \"word\": \"铁匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"táojiàng\", \"word\": \"陶匠\"}, {\"word\": \"雕刻匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xuējiàng\", \"word\": \"靴匠\"}, {\"roman\": \"xiéjiàng\", \"word\": \"鞋匠\"}, {\"word\": \"香匠\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"tai-swe-pro\", \"2\": \"*ɟaːŋᴮ²\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"artisan; skillful\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"th\", \"2\": \"ช่าง\"}, \"expansion\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Thai: ช่าง (châang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nod\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"kkh\", \"2\": \"ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lo\", \"2\": \"ຊ່າງ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦋᦱᧂᧈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"shn\", \"2\": \"ၸၢင်ႈ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"phk\", \"2\": \"ꩡင်\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"aho\", \"2\": \"𑜋𑜂𑜫\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"cangh\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"someone in a particular profession\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ជាង\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han ideogrammic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ic\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"ls\": \"ic\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t1\": \"box\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\"}, \"expansion\": \"Zhengzhang, 2003\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"pron\": \"OC *sbaŋs\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\", \"2\": \"斤\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"nocap\": \"1\", \"t2\": \"axe\"}, \"expansion\": \"phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"བྱང\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"skilled\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Bodman, 1980\"}, \"expansion\": \"Bodman, 1980\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sagart and Baxter, 2012\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"匚\"}, \"expansion\": \"匚 (OC *paŋ)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\"}, \"expansion\": \"Baxter and Sagart, 2014\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler (2007)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler (2007)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"och\", \"2\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Chinese\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"mkh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mon-Khmer\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"km\", \"2\": \"ចាំង\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to dress; to trim (wood)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Schuessler, 2007\"}, \"expansion\": \"Schuessler, 2007\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Jacques (2015)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Jacques (2015)\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sit\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Tibetan\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"མཛངས\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"wise; intelligent\"}, \"expansion\": \"Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"臧\", \"2\": \"good\", \"tr\": \"*􂀿ts􂁀ˤaŋ\"}, \"expansion\": \"臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”)\", \"name\": \"och-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).\\nIn more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).\\nSeveral etymologies have been proposed:\\n* Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).\\n* Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).\\n* Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"匞\"}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"匠\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"craftsman; artisan; workman\"], \"links\": [[\"craftsman\", \"craftsman\"], [\"artisan\", \"artisan\"], [\"workman\", \"workman\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"master\"], \"links\": [[\"master\", \"master\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiǔⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chhiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciên⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cion⁷\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ziang⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Leizhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄐㄧㄤˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jiàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jyàng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jianq\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цзян\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"czjan\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"giang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jeuhng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzoeng⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zêng⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Phak-fa-su\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"xiong⁴\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meinong\", \"Miaoli\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Sixian\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Taiyuan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jion³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jin\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taiyuan\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tiōng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Jian'ou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chióng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\", \"Yilan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kinmen\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chvioi\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tainan\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Changtai\", \"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siūnn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"sviu\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiǔnn\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Lukang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Jinjiang\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Hui'an\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siāng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"siang\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Zhangpu\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiōng\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciong\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiēⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshiōⁿ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsiăng\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"zh-pron\": \"qio¹\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"jiang⁶\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Wiktionary-specific\", \"Xiang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zian⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Changsha\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Xiang\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzjangH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiōⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiǔⁿ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ chhiāng /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sœːŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/si̯oŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siɔŋ⁵³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiũ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiaŋ²²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiōⁿ/\"}, {\"other\": \"/chhiāng/\"}, {\"other\": \"/ cion⁷ /\"}, {\"other\": \"/ tshiōⁿ /\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡siaŋ³³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡si̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*s.baŋ-s/\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sbaŋs/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Shuowen\"], \"word\": \"匠\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "character",
  "title": "匠",
  "trace": ""
}