See 匈奴 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "匈奴"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "匈%奴",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^흉노(匈奴)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Hung Nô",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "匈奴"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "匈奴",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"3": "^흉노",
"4": "Hung Nô",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "匈奴",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "匈奴",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "匈%奴",
"v": "匈奴",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"3": "^흉노",
"4": "Hung Nô",
"j": "匈%奴"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Xiongnu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Xiongnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Xiongnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сю́нну",
"3": "сюнну́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: сю́нну (sjúnnu), сюнну́ (sjunnú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: сю́нну (sjúnnu), сюнну́ (sjunnú)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2014)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2014)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हूण"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Hunni"
},
"expansion": "Latin Hunni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Οὗννος",
"3": "Οὗννοι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank, 2000"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank, 2000",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Schuessler (2014) reconstructs its 318 BCE pronunciation as *hoŋ-nâ and later *hɨoŋ-nɑ, which he suggests to be a Han or pre-Han transcription of foreign *Hŏna or *Hŭna, which may be connected to Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), Huns, Latin Hunni, Ancient Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi) (ibid.; Pulleyblank, 2000).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Tribes",
"orig": "zh:Tribes",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Xiongnu (ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty)"
],
"id": "en-匈奴-zh-name-DbxdX~Xn",
"links": [
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Xiongnu (ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Gōngnú",
"sense": "Xin dynasty",
"word": "恭奴"
},
{
"sense": "Zhou dynasty",
"word": "獫狁"
},
{
"sense": "Zhou dynasty",
"word": "猃狁"
},
{
"word": "玁狁"
},
{
"word": "𤞤狁"
},
{
"word": "葷粥"
},
{
"word": "荤粥"
},
{
"roman": "Guǐfāng",
"sense": "Shang dynasty",
"word": "鬼方"
},
{
"roman": "Xūnyù",
"sense": "Xia dynasty",
"word": "獯鬻"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Xiōngnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩㄥ ㄋㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiûng-nù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiong-lô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiong¹ nou¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Xiōngnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Syongnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Hsiung¹-nu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Syūng-nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Shiongnu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Сюнну"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Sjunnu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ nu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hūng nòuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiûng-nù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiung^ˊ nu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiung¹ nu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi̯uŋ²⁴ nu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiong-lôo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hiongloo"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ³³ lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiong nou"
},
{
"ipa": "/hioŋ³³⁻²³ nou³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "xjowng nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰoŋ naː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ nu³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi̯uŋ²⁴ nu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ³³ lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hioŋ³³⁻²³ nou³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰoŋ naː/"
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈",
"きょう"
],
[
"奴",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kyōdo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きょうど"
},
"expansion": "匈(きょう)奴(ど) • (Kyōdo)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Xiongnu peoples, the Huns"
],
"id": "en-匈奴-ja-name-hK3tkWI7",
"links": [
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
],
[
"Hun",
"Hun"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈奴",
"フンヌ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈奴",
"フン"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Funnu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Fun",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "フンヌ",
"3": "フン"
},
"expansion": "匈奴(フンヌ) or 匈奴(フン) • (Funnu or Fun)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Demonyms",
"orig": "ja:Demonyms",
"parents": [
"Names",
"People",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hun"
],
"id": "en-匈奴-ja-name-voL4ISbI",
"links": [
[
"Hun",
"Hun"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hyungno",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "흉노",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "흉노"
},
"expansion": "匈奴 • (Hyungno) (hangeul 흉노)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Xiongnu",
"word": "흉노"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 흉노 (“Xiongnu”)"
],
"id": "en-匈奴-ko-name-qC0xYtej",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"흉노",
"흉노#Korean"
],
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "vi-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Hung Nô (“Xiongnu”)."
],
"id": "en-匈奴-vi-name-Pkp8YPuC",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Hung Nô",
"Hung Nô#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "匈奴"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "匈%奴",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^흉노(匈奴)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Hung Nô",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "匈奴"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "匈奴",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"3": "^흉노",
"4": "Hung Nô",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "匈奴",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "匈奴",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "匈%奴",
"v": "匈奴",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^きょう%ど",
"3": "^흉노",
"4": "Hung Nô",
"j": "匈%奴"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (匈奴):\n* → Japanese: 匈(きょう)奴(ど) (Kyōdo)\n* → Korean: 흉노(匈奴) (Hyungno)\n* → Vietnamese: Hung Nô (匈奴)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Xiongnu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Xiongnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Xiongnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сю́нну",
"3": "сюнну́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: сю́нну (sjúnnu), сюнну́ (sjunnú)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: сю́нну (sjúnnu), сюнну́ (sjunnú)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2014)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2014)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हूण"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Hunni"
},
"expansion": "Latin Hunni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Οὗννος",
"3": "Οὗννοι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank, 2000"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank, 2000",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Schuessler (2014) reconstructs its 318 BCE pronunciation as *hoŋ-nâ and later *hɨoŋ-nɑ, which he suggests to be a Han or pre-Han transcription of foreign *Hŏna or *Hŭna, which may be connected to Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), Huns, Latin Hunni, Ancient Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi) (ibid.; Pulleyblank, 2000).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 匈",
"Chinese terms spelled with 奴",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka proper nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew proper nouns",
"zh:Tribes"
],
"glosses": [
"Xiongnu (ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty)"
],
"links": [
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Xiongnu (ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Xiōngnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄩㄥ ㄋㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiûng-nù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiong-lô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiong¹ nou¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Xiōngnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Syongnú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Hsiung¹-nu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Syūng-nú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Shiongnu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Сюнну"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Sjunnu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ nu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hūng nòuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hung¹ nou⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiûng-nù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiung^ˊ nu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiung¹ nu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi̯uŋ²⁴ nu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Hiong-lôo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hiongloo"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ³³ lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiong nou"
},
{
"ipa": "/hioŋ³³⁻²³ nou³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "xjowng nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*qʰoŋ naː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ nu³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hʊŋ⁵⁵ nou̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hi̯uŋ²⁴ nu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ³³ lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hioŋ³³⁻²³ nou³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*qʰoŋ naː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Gōngnú",
"sense": "Xin dynasty",
"word": "恭奴"
},
{
"sense": "Zhou dynasty",
"word": "獫狁"
},
{
"sense": "Zhou dynasty",
"word": "猃狁"
},
{
"word": "玁狁"
},
{
"word": "𤞤狁"
},
{
"roman": "Guǐfāng",
"sense": "Shang dynasty",
"word": "鬼方"
},
{
"roman": "Xūnyù",
"sense": "Xia dynasty",
"word": "獯鬻"
},
{
"word": "葷粥"
},
{
"word": "荤粥"
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Demonyms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈",
"きょう"
],
[
"奴",
"ど"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kyōdo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "きょうど"
},
"expansion": "匈(きょう)奴(ど) • (Kyōdo)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The Xiongnu peoples, the Huns"
],
"links": [
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
],
[
"Hun",
"Hun"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Demonyms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈奴",
"フンヌ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "匈奴",
"ruby": [
[
"匈奴",
"フン"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Funnu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Fun",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "フンヌ",
"3": "フン"
},
"expansion": "匈奴(フンヌ) or 匈奴(フン) • (Funnu or Fun)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Hun"
],
"links": [
[
"Hun",
"Hun"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hyungno",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "흉노",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "흉노"
},
"expansion": "匈奴 • (Hyungno) (hangeul 흉노)",
"name": "ko-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean proper nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Xiongnu",
"word": "흉노"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 흉노 (“Xiongnu”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"흉노",
"흉노#Korean"
],
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "匈奴",
"name": "vi-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese proper nouns",
"Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Hung Nô (“Xiongnu”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Hung Nô",
"Hung Nô#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Xiongnu",
"Xiongnu"
]
]
}
],
"word": "匈奴"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 匈奴 meaning in All languages combined (10.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"匈奴"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "匈奴",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.