See 包括 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "包括"
},
"expansion": "包括",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "包括",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "포괄(包括)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "包括",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bao quát",
"bor": "1",
"id": "包括",
"t": "",
"tr": "包括"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "包括",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"3": "포괄",
"4": "bao quát",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "包括",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "包括",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "包括",
"v": "包括",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"3": "포괄",
"4": "bao quát"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "包括",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "70 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 36 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "including, but not limited to, ...",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú",
"text": "包括但不限於",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "including, but not limited to, ...",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú",
"text": "包括但不限于",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "以感恩的心態面對一切、包括失敗，你會發現，人生其實很精彩。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "以感恩的心态面对一切、包括失败，你会发现，人生其实很精彩。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to include; to consist of"
],
"id": "en-包括-zh-verb-nthYx1EJ",
"links": [
[
"include",
"include"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "chǔcáng",
"word": "儲藏"
},
{
"roman": "chǔcáng",
"word": "储藏"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "包"
},
{
"roman": "bāohán",
"word": "包含"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包孕"
},
{
"roman": "bāoróng",
"word": "包容"
},
{
"roman": "bāoluó",
"word": "包羅"
},
{
"roman": "bāoluó",
"word": "包罗"
},
{
"roman": "bāojǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "包舉"
},
{
"roman": "bāojǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "包举"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包蘊"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包蕴"
},
{
"word": "含"
},
{
"roman": "hányǒu",
"word": "含有"
},
{
"roman": "hánxù",
"word": "含蓄"
},
{
"roman": "nángkuò",
"word": "囊括"
},
{
"roman": "róngnà",
"word": "容納"
},
{
"roman": "róngnà",
"word": "容纳"
},
{
"roman": "hánkuò",
"word": "涵括"
},
{
"roman": "hángài",
"word": "涵蓋"
},
{
"roman": "hángài",
"word": "涵盖"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蘊含"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蕴含"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蘊涵"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蕴涵"
},
{
"roman": "yùncáng",
"word": "蘊藏"
},
{
"roman": "yùncáng",
"word": "蕴藏"
},
{
"roman": "zhùcáng",
"word": "貯藏"
},
{
"roman": "zhùcáng",
"word": "贮藏"
},
{
"word": "連"
},
{
"word": "连"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāoguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "baau¹ kut³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pâu-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˋ guad"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pau-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bao¹ guag⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹pau-kuaq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pao¹-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāu-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baukuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "баоко"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baoko"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāoguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baogua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pao¹-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāu-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baugua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "баогуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baogua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāau kut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baau¹ kut⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bao¹ kud³"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "pâu-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˊ guad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "bau¹ guad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˋ guad"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁵³ kuat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pau-kuat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pau'koad"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³ kuat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pau kuak"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹pau-kuaq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pau^平 kuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁵³ kuat⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³ kuat̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "包括",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はうくわつ",
"roman": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほうかつ",
"hhira": "はうくわつ"
},
"expansion": "包(ほう)括(かつ) • (hōkatsu) ^(←はうくわつ (faukwatu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hōkatsuteki",
"ruby": [
[
"包括的",
"ほうかつてき"
]
],
"word": "包括的"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comprehensiveness"
],
"id": "en-包括-ja-noun-iUL7m2mM",
"links": [
[
"comprehensiveness",
"comprehensiveness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほーかつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "包括する",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "包括し",
"roman": "hōkatsu shi",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "包括した",
"roman": "hōkatsu shita",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "包括し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "包括させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "包括した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "包括して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "包括すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to include, to comprehend, to embrace"
],
"id": "en-包括-ja-verb-7hoh7vcB",
"links": [
[
"include",
"include"
],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
],
[
"embrace",
"embrace"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほーかつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "包括"
},
"expansion": "包括",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "包括",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "포괄(包括)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "包括",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bao quát",
"bor": "1",
"id": "包括",
"t": "",
"tr": "包括"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "包括",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"3": "포괄",
"4": "bao quát",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "包括",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "包括",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "包括",
"v": "包括",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ほうかつ",
"3": "포괄",
"4": "bao quát"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (包括):\n* → Japanese: 包括(ほうかつ) (hōkatsu)\n* → Korean: 포괄(包括) (pogwal)\n* → Vietnamese: bao quát (包括)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "包括",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 包",
"Chinese terms spelled with 括",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "including, but not limited to, ...",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú",
"text": "包括但不限於",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "including, but not limited to, ...",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "bāokuò dàn bù xiànyú",
"text": "包括但不限于",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "以感恩的心態面對一切、包括失敗，你會發現，人生其實很精彩。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Face everything, including failure, with a grateful mind, and you will find that life is actually wonderful.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǐ gǎn'ēn de xīntài miànduì yīqiè, bāokuò shībài, nǐ huì fāxiàn, rénshēng qíshí hěn jīngcǎi.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "以感恩的心态面对一切、包括失败，你会发现，人生其实很精彩。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to include; to consist of"
],
"links": [
[
"include",
"include"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāoguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄠ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄠ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "baau¹ kut³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pâu-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˋ guad"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pau-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bao¹ guag⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹pau-kuaq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baokuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pao¹-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāu-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baukuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "баоко"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baoko"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bāoguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baogua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pao¹-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāu-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baugua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "баогуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "baogua"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bāau kut"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baau¹ kut⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bao¹ kud³"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "pâu-koat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˊ guad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "bau¹ guad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "bau^ˋ guad"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁵³ kuat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pau-kuat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pau'koad"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³ kuat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "pau kuak"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹pau-kuaq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pau^平 kuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʰuːt̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau̯²⁴ ku̯at̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁵³ kuat⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³ kuat̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻²² kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ kuat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pau³³⁻²³ kuak̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɔ⁵⁵ kuaʔ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "chǔcáng",
"word": "儲藏"
},
{
"roman": "chǔcáng",
"word": "储藏"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "包"
},
{
"roman": "bāohán",
"word": "包含"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包孕"
},
{
"roman": "bāoróng",
"word": "包容"
},
{
"roman": "bāoluó",
"word": "包羅"
},
{
"roman": "bāoluó",
"word": "包罗"
},
{
"roman": "bāojǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "包舉"
},
{
"roman": "bāojǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "包举"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包蘊"
},
{
"roman": "bāoyùn",
"word": "包蕴"
},
{
"word": "含"
},
{
"roman": "hányǒu",
"word": "含有"
},
{
"roman": "hánxù",
"word": "含蓄"
},
{
"roman": "nángkuò",
"word": "囊括"
},
{
"roman": "róngnà",
"word": "容納"
},
{
"roman": "róngnà",
"word": "容纳"
},
{
"roman": "hánkuò",
"word": "涵括"
},
{
"roman": "hángài",
"word": "涵蓋"
},
{
"roman": "hángài",
"word": "涵盖"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蘊含"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蕴含"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蘊涵"
},
{
"roman": "yùnhán",
"word": "蕴涵"
},
{
"roman": "yùncáng",
"word": "蘊藏"
},
{
"roman": "yùncáng",
"word": "蕴藏"
},
{
"roman": "zhùcáng",
"word": "貯藏"
},
{
"roman": "zhùcáng",
"word": "贮藏"
},
{
"word": "連"
},
{
"word": "连"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hōkatsuteki",
"ruby": [
[
"包括的",
"ほうかつてき"
]
],
"word": "包括的"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "包括",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はうくわつ",
"roman": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほうかつ",
"hhira": "はうくわつ"
},
"expansion": "包(ほう)括(かつ) • (hōkatsu) ^(←はうくわつ (faukwatu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"comprehensiveness"
],
"links": [
[
"comprehensiveness",
"comprehensiveness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほーかつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with わ",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "包括する",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "faukwatu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "包括し",
"roman": "hōkatsu shi",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "包括した",
"roman": "hōkatsu shita",
"ruby": [
[
"包",
"ほう"
],
[
"括",
"かつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "包括し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "包括せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "包括させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "包括しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "包括します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "包括した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "包括して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "包括すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ほうかつすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hōkatsu sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to include, to comprehend, to embrace"
],
"links": [
[
"include",
"include"
],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
],
[
"embrace",
"embrace"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほーかつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞ːka̠t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"word": "包括"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 包括 meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
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"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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],
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"trace": ""
}
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"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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}
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],
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}
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}
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"trace": ""
}
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}
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],
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"subsection": "",
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AC'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
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"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
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"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
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"called_from": "parser/1336",
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}
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],
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"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"包括"
],
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"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
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"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
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"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
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"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
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"called_from": "inflection/735",
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"path": [
"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"包括"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "包括",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.