See 共生 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "共生礦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "共生矿"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "zh:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-verb-K~FH3tPa",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "zh:Geology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have intergrowth"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-verb-pUGzCKZ9",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"intergrowth",
"intergrowth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) to have intergrowth"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "zh:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gòngshēngwù",
"word": "共生物"
}
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-noun-N6~4-s6b",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "共生",
"ruby": [
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōsei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kyousei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きようせい",
"roman": "kyousei",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうせい",
"hhira": "きようせい"
},
"expansion": "共(きょう)生(せい) • (kyōsei) ^(←きようせい (kyousei)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "ja:Ecology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"id": "en-共生-ja-noun-N6~4-s6b",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) symbiosis"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "sōri kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"相",
"そう"
],
[
"利",
"り"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "相利共生"
},
{
"roman": "henri kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"片",
"へん"
],
[
"利",
"り"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "片利共生"
},
{
"roman": "hentai kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "変態共生"
},
{
"roman": "kisei",
"ruby": [
[
"寄",
"き"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "寄生"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:共生"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きょーせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːse̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gongsaeng",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "공생",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "공생"
},
"expansion": "共生 • (gongsaeng) (hangeul 공생)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "symbiosis",
"word": "공생"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 공생 (“symbiosis”)"
],
"id": "en-共生-ko-noun-xk~gDl9-",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"공생",
"공생#Korean"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cộng sinh (“symbiosis”)."
],
"id": "en-共生-vi-noun-Hbp5g8MR",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cộng sinh",
"cộng sinh#Vietnamese:_共生"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
]
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 共",
"Chinese terms spelled with 生",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "共生礦"
},
{
"word": "共生矿"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"to have intergrowth"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"intergrowth",
"intergrowth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) to have intergrowth"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 共",
"Chinese terms spelled with 生",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gòngshēngwù",
"word": "共生物"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "共生",
"ruby": [
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōsei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kyousei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きようせい",
"roman": "kyousei",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうせい",
"hhira": "きようせい"
},
"expansion": "共(きょう)生(せい) • (kyōsei) ^(←きようせい (kyousei)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "sōri kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"相",
"そう"
],
[
"利",
"り"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "相利共生"
},
{
"roman": "henri kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"片",
"へん"
],
[
"利",
"り"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "片利共生"
},
{
"roman": "hentai kyōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"態",
"たい"
],
[
"共",
"きょう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "変態共生"
},
{
"roman": "kisei",
"ruby": [
[
"寄",
"き"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"word": "寄生"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Ecology"
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:共生"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きょーせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːse̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gongsaeng",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "공생",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "공생"
},
"expansion": "共生 • (gongsaeng) (hangeul 공생)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "symbiosis",
"word": "공생"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 공생 (“symbiosis”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"공생",
"공생#Korean"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cộng sinh (“symbiosis”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cộng sinh",
"cộng sinh#Vietnamese:_共生"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
]
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 共生 meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "共生",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.