See 共生 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "共生礦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "共生矿"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "zh:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-verb-K~FH3tPa",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "zh:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 25 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have intergrowth"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-verb-pUGzCKZ9",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"intergrowth",
"intergrowth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) to have intergrowth"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "zh:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"id": "en-共生-zh-noun-N6~4-s6b",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 共",
"Chinese terms spelled with 生",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "共生礦"
},
{
"word": "共生矿"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) to live together; to maintain symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"to have intergrowth"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"intergrowth",
"intergrowth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) to have intergrowth"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 共",
"Chinese terms spelled with 生",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "共生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "mutual living",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"symbiosis"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"symbiosis",
"symbiosis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) symbiosis"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gòngsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gùng-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gonqsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гуншэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunšɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "guhng sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gung⁶ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kiōng-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kioxngsefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ²² sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "共生"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 共生 meaning in Chinese (5.4kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"共生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "共生",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.