See 中國化 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "China",
"orig": "zh:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "qùzhōngguóhuà",
"word": "去中國化"
},
{
"roman": "qùzhōngguóhuà",
"word": "去中国化"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sinicization of Marxism",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì zhōngguóhuà",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "馬克思主義中國化",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sinicization of Marxism",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì zhōngguóhuà",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "马克思主义中国化",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sinicize"
],
"id": "en-中國化-zh-verb-9KyLdrrR",
"links": [
[
"sinicize",
"sinicize"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhōngguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zhōngguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jhongguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chung¹-kuo²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng-gwó-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jonggwohuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "чжунгохуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "čžungoxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "中國化",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"國",
"ごく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūgokuka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちゅうごくか"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)國(ごく)化(か) • (chūgokuka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sinicization",
"word": "中国化"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 中国化: sinicization"
],
"id": "en-中國化-ja-noun-mCT819Vq",
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"中国化",
"中国化#Japanese"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "junggukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "중국화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "중국화"
},
"expansion": "中國化 • (junggukhwa) (hangeul 중국화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sinicization",
"word": "중국화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 중국화 (“sinicization”)"
],
"id": "en-中國化-ko-noun-nW9Owsir",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"중국화",
"중국화#Korean"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Trung Quốc hoá (“sinicization”)."
],
"id": "en-中國化-vi-noun-jJCSMQ8R",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Trung Quốc hoá",
"Trung Quốc hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "qùzhōngguóhuà",
"word": "去中國化"
},
{
"roman": "qùzhōngguóhuà",
"word": "去中国化"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国化",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 中",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:China"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sinicization of Marxism",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì zhōngguóhuà",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "馬克思主義中國化",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sinicization of Marxism",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Mǎkèsī zhǔyì zhōngguóhuà",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "马克思主义中国化",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sinicize"
],
"links": [
[
"sinicize",
"sinicize"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhōngguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zhōngguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jhongguóhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chung¹-kuo²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng-gwó-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jonggwohuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "чжунгохуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "čžungoxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "中國化",
"ruby": [
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"國",
"ごく"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chūgokuka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちゅうごくか"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)國(ごく)化(か) • (chūgokuka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 3 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sinicization",
"word": "中国化"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kyūjitai form of 中国化: sinicization"
],
"links": [
[
"Kyūjitai",
"kyūjitai"
],
[
"中国化",
"中国化#Japanese"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "junggukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "중국화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "중국화"
},
"expansion": "中國化 • (junggukhwa) (hangeul 중국화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sinicization",
"word": "중국화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 중국화 (“sinicization”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"중국화",
"중국화#Korean"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "中國化",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of Trung Quốc hoá (“sinicization”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"Trung Quốc hoá",
"Trung Quốc hoá#Vietnamese"
],
[
"sinicization",
"sinicization"
]
]
}
],
"word": "中國化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 中國化 meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"中國化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國化",
"trace": "started on line 18, detected on line 18"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"中國化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"中國化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"中國化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.