See 下流 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 下流 meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑話／下流的笑话",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-adj-r-sVNKy9",
"links": [
[
"indecent",
"indecent"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inferior; low-class"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-adj-Wo8wut73",
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"low-class",
"low-class"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "liúyín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流淫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínwěi",
"word": "淫猥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫穢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫秽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫蕩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫荡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫賤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫贱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínmǐ",
"word": "淫靡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私褻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私亵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huāngyín",
"word": "荒淫"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流社會"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流社会"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "甘處下流"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "甘处下流"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "下流"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "하류(下流)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "下流",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hạ lưu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "下流"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "下流",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "下流",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "下流",
"v": "下流",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 34 56 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lower reaches of a river"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-noun-W0GO~SpO",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"reaches",
"reaches"
],
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-noun-vF97s43u",
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "下流",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かりゅう"
},
"expansion": "下(か)流(りゅう) • (karyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"downstream"
],
"id": "en-下流-ja-noun-W2T5dHdi",
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lower classes"
],
"id": "en-下流-ja-noun-9kK1EElQ",
"links": [
[
"lower classes",
"lower classes"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾʲɨᵝː]"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of hạ lưu (“lower reaches; lower social classes”)."
],
"id": "en-下流-vi-noun-~A0KEczu",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"hạ lưu",
"hạ lưu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lower reaches",
"lower reaches"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑話／下流的笑话",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"indecent",
"indecent"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inferior; low-class"
],
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"low-class",
"low-class"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúyín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流淫"
},
{
"roman": "yínwěi",
"word": "淫猥"
},
{
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫穢"
},
{
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫秽"
},
{
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫蕩"
},
{
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫荡"
},
{
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫賤"
},
{
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫贱"
},
{
"roman": "yínmǐ",
"word": "淫靡"
},
{
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私褻"
},
{
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私亵"
},
{
"roman": "huāngyín",
"word": "荒淫"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "下流社會"
},
{
"word": "下流社会"
},
{
"word": "下流話"
},
{
"word": "下流话"
},
{
"word": "甘處下流"
},
{
"word": "甘处下流"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "下流"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "하류(下流)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "下流",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hạ lưu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "下流"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "下流",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "下流",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "下流",
"v": "下流",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lower reaches of a river"
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"reaches",
"reaches"
],
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "下流",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かりゅう"
},
"expansion": "下(か)流(りゅう) • (karyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"downstream"
],
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lower classes"
],
"links": [
[
"lower classes",
"lower classes"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾʲɨᵝː]"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of hạ lưu (“lower reaches; lower social classes”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"hạ lưu",
"hạ lưu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lower reaches",
"lower reaches"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.