See 下流 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑話",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑话",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-adj-r-sVNKy9",
"links": [
[
"indecent",
"indecent"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inferior; low-class"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-adj-Wo8wut73",
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"low-class",
"low-class"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "liúyín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流淫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínwěi",
"word": "淫猥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫穢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫秽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫蕩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫荡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫賤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫贱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínmǐ",
"word": "淫靡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私褻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私亵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huāngyín",
"word": "荒淫"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流社會"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流社会"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "下流话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "甘處下流"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "甘处下流"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "下流"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "하류(下流)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hạ lưu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "下流"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "下流",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "下流",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "下流",
"v": "下流",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 34 57 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lower reaches of a river"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-noun-W0GO~SpO",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"reaches",
"reaches"
],
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"id": "en-下流-zh-noun-vF97s43u",
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "下流",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かりゅう"
},
"expansion": "下(か)流(りゅう) • (karyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"downstream"
],
"id": "en-下流-ja-noun-W2T5dHdi",
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 14 28 1 4 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 15 29 1 2 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lower classes"
],
"id": "en-下流-ja-noun-9kK1EElQ",
"links": [
[
"lower classes",
"lower classes"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of hạ lưu (“lower reaches; lower social classes”)."
],
"id": "en-下流-vi-noun-~A0KEczu",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"hạ lưu",
"hạ lưu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lower reaches",
"lower reaches"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 下",
"Chinese terms spelled with 流",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑話",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dirty joke",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
"text": "下流的笑话",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"indecent",
"indecent"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"obscene",
"obscene"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inferior; low-class"
],
"links": [
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"low-class",
"low-class"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "liúyín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "流淫"
},
{
"roman": "yínwěi",
"word": "淫猥"
},
{
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫穢"
},
{
"roman": "yínhuì",
"word": "淫秽"
},
{
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫蕩"
},
{
"roman": "yíndàng",
"word": "淫荡"
},
{
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫賤"
},
{
"roman": "yínjiàn",
"word": "淫贱"
},
{
"roman": "yínmǐ",
"word": "淫靡"
},
{
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私褻"
},
{
"roman": "sīxiè",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "私亵"
},
{
"roman": "huāngyín",
"word": "荒淫"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 下",
"Chinese terms spelled with 流",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "下流社會"
},
{
"word": "下流社会"
},
{
"word": "下流話"
},
{
"word": "下流话"
},
{
"word": "甘處下流"
},
{
"word": "甘处下流"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "下流"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "하류(下流)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hạ lưu",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "下流"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下流",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "下流",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "下流",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "下流",
"v": "下流",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かりゅう",
"3": "하류",
"4": "hạ lưu"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lower reaches of a river"
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"reaches",
"reaches"
],
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xiàliú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "siàlióu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shiahliou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "сялю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sjalju"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hah làuh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha-liù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "liuˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hā-liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "haxliuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "hiă liû"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "下流",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"流",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かりゅう"
},
"expansion": "下(か)流(りゅう) • (karyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"downstream"
],
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lower classes"
],
"links": [
[
"lower classes",
"lower classes"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "下流",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of hạ lưu (“lower reaches; lower social classes”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"hạ lưu",
"hạ lưu#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lower reaches",
"lower reaches"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下流"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 下流 meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "下流",
"trace": "started on line 57, detected on line 57"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "下流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "下流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "下流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%B7%AB%E7%A9%A2'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "下流",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下流"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下流",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.