"下流" meaning in Chinese

See 下流 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /haː²² lɐu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /ha²² liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/, /haː²² lɐu̯²¹/, /ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/, /ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/, /ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/, /ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/, /ha²² liu²⁴/, /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/, /hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/, /e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ Chinese transliterations: xiàliú [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], haa⁶ lau⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ha-liù [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], hā-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hǎ-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hēe-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hia⁶ liu⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ê⁶ liu⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], xiàliú [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], siàlióu [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], hsia⁴-liu² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], syà-lyóu [Mandarin, Yale], shiahliou [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], сялю [Mandarin, Palladius], sjalju [Mandarin, Palladius], hah làuh [Cantonese, Yale], haa⁶ lau⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ha⁶ leo⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ha-liù [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], ha liuˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ha⁴ liu² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], hā-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], haxliuu [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], hǎ-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hēe-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hiă liû [POJ, Teochew], ĕ liû [POJ, Teochew]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 下流
  1. indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty
    Sense id: en-下流-zh-adj-r-sVNKy9
  2. inferior; low-class
    Sense id: en-下流-zh-adj-Wo8wut73
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 流淫 (liúyín) [literary], 淫猥 (yínwěi), 淫穢 (yínhuì), 淫秽 (yínhuì), 淫蕩 (yíndàng), 淫荡 (yíndàng), 淫賤 (yínjiàn), 淫贱 (yínjiàn), 淫靡 (yínmǐ), 私褻 (sīxiè) [literary], 私亵 (sīxiè) [literary], 荒淫 (huāngyín)

Noun

IPA: /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /haː²² lɐu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /ha²² liu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/, /haː²² lɐu̯²¹/, /ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/, /ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/, /ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/, /ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/, /ha²² liu²⁴/, /hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/, /hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/, /e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/ Chinese transliterations: xiàliú [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], haa⁶ lau⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ha-liù [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], hā-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hǎ-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hēe-liû [Hokkien, POJ], hia⁶ liu⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ê⁶ liu⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], xiàliú [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], siàlióu [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], hsia⁴-liu² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], syà-lyóu [Mandarin, Yale], shiahliou [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], сялю [Mandarin, Palladius], sjalju [Mandarin, Palladius], hah làuh [Cantonese, Yale], haa⁶ lau⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ha⁶ leo⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ha-liù [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], ha liuˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ha⁴ liu² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], hā-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], haxliuu [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], hǎ-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hēe-liû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hiă liû [POJ, Teochew], ĕ liû [POJ, Teochew]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 下流
  1. lower reaches of a river
    Sense id: en-下流-zh-noun-W0GO~SpO Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 6 34 56 4
  2. (historical) plebeian; inferior rank Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-下流-zh-noun-vF97s43u
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 下流社會, 下流社会, 下流話, 下流话, 甘處下流, 甘处下流

Download JSON data for 下流 meaning in Chinese (10.2kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "下流",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "dirty joke",
          "roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
          "text": "下流的笑話/下流的笑话",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
      ],
      "id": "en-下流-zh-adj-r-sVNKy9",
      "links": [
        [
          "indecent",
          "indecent"
        ],
        [
          "lewd",
          "lewd"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "obscene",
          "obscene"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inferior; low-class"
      ],
      "id": "en-下流-zh-adj-Wo8wut73",
      "links": [
        [
          "inferior",
          "inferior"
        ],
        [
          "low-class",
          "low-class"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàlióu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "shiahliou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "сялю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sjalju"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hah làuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haxliuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hiă liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "liúyín",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "流淫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínwěi",
      "word": "淫猥"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínhuì",
      "word": "淫穢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínhuì",
      "word": "淫秽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yíndàng",
      "word": "淫蕩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yíndàng",
      "word": "淫荡"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínjiàn",
      "word": "淫賤"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínjiàn",
      "word": "淫贱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yínmǐ",
      "word": "淫靡"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sīxiè",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "私褻"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sīxiè",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "私亵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huāngyín",
      "word": "荒淫"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下流"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "下流社會"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "下流社会"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "下流話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "下流话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "甘處下流"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "甘处下流"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "下流"
          },
          "expansion": "下流",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "下流",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "하류(下流)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "下流",
            "sc": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "下流",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "hạ lưu",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "下流"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "下流",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "3": "하류",
            "4": "hạ lưu",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "下流",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "下流",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "下流",
            "v": "下流",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "3": "하류",
            "4": "hạ lưu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "下流",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 34 56 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lower reaches of a river"
      ],
      "id": "en-下流-zh-noun-W0GO~SpO",
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower"
        ],
        [
          "reaches",
          "reaches"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "plebeian; inferior rank"
      ],
      "id": "en-下流-zh-noun-vF97s43u",
      "links": [
        [
          "plebeian",
          "plebeian"
        ],
        [
          "inferior",
          "inferior"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàlióu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "shiahliou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "сялю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sjalju"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hah làuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haxliuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hiă liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下流"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "下流",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "dirty joke",
          "roman": "xiàliú de xiàohuà",
          "text": "下流的笑話/下流的笑话",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indecent; lewd; vulgar; obscene; dirty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "indecent",
          "indecent"
        ],
        [
          "lewd",
          "lewd"
        ],
        [
          "vulgar",
          "vulgar"
        ],
        [
          "obscene",
          "obscene"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inferior; low-class"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inferior",
          "inferior"
        ],
        [
          "low-class",
          "low-class"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàlióu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "shiahliou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "сялю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sjalju"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hah làuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haxliuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hiă liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "liúyín",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "流淫"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínwěi",
      "word": "淫猥"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínhuì",
      "word": "淫穢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínhuì",
      "word": "淫秽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yíndàng",
      "word": "淫蕩"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yíndàng",
      "word": "淫荡"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínjiàn",
      "word": "淫賤"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínjiàn",
      "word": "淫贱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yínmǐ",
      "word": "淫靡"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sīxiè",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "私褻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sīxiè",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "私亵"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huāngyín",
      "word": "荒淫"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下流"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "下流社會"
    },
    {
      "word": "下流社会"
    },
    {
      "word": "下流話"
    },
    {
      "word": "下流话"
    },
    {
      "word": "甘處下流"
    },
    {
      "word": "甘处下流"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "下流"
          },
          "expansion": "下流",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "下流",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "下流(かりゅう) (karyū)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "하류(下流)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "下流",
            "sc": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "下流",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "hạ lưu",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "下流"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "下流",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "3": "하류",
            "4": "hạ lưu",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "下流",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "下流",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "下流",
            "v": "下流",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "かりゅう",
            "3": "하류",
            "4": "hạ lưu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (下流):\n* → Japanese: 下流(かりゅう) (karyū)\n* → Korean: 하류(下流) (haryu)\n* → Vietnamese: hạ lưu (下流)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "下流",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lower reaches of a river"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower"
        ],
        [
          "reaches",
          "reaches"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plebeian; inferior rank"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plebeian",
          "plebeian"
        ],
        [
          "inferior",
          "inferior"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) plebeian; inferior rank"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hia⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ê⁶ liu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xiàliú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siàlióu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hsia⁴-liu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "syà-lyóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "shiahliou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "сялю"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sjalju"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hah làuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haa⁶ lau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁶ leo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha-liù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha liuˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ha⁴ liu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hā-liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "haxliuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hǎ-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hēe-liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hiă liû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĕ liû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ hǎ-liû /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/haː²² lɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻²¹ liu²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ha²² liu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hia³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/e³⁵⁻¹¹ liu⁵⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下流"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.