ㄹ in All languages combined

IPA: /l/, [ɾ] (note: word-initially or between vowels), [n] (note: after nasals other than /n/, or after stops), [ɭ] (note: elsewhere) Forms: l [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived from the "outline of the tongue" when pronouncing this "semi-lingual sound" (半舌音 (bàn shé yīn)), but does not elaborate. Gari Ledyard suggests that Sejong may have had his inspiration for ㄹ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡙ (l), although he is more tentative here than with the Hangul letters for the plosives. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997). Etymology templates: {{m|zh|半舌音}} 半舌音 (bàn shé yīn), {{lang|ko|ㄹ}} ㄹ, {{l|mul|ꡙ|sc=Phag|tr=l}} ꡙ (l), {{ko-ref|Ledyard 1997}} Ledyard 1997 Head templates: {{ko-pos|letter}} ㄹ • (l)

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "半舌音"
      },
      "expansion": "半舌音 (bàn shé yīn)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㄹ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "ꡙ",
        "sc": "Phag",
        "tr": "l"
      },
      "expansion": "ꡙ (l)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Ledyard 1997"
      },
      "expansion": "Ledyard 1997",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived from the \"outline of the tongue\" when pronouncing this \"semi-lingual sound\" (半舌音 (bàn shé yīn)), but does not elaborate.\nGari Ledyard suggests that Sejong may have had his inspiration for ㄹ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡙ (l), although he is more tentative here than with the Hangul letters for the plosives. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "l",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "letter"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ • (l)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "리을 (rieul, “rieul”), a jamo (letter) of Hangul, the Korean alphabet: the alveolar flap or approximant ([ɾ], [l])"
      ],
      "id": "en-ㄹ-ko-character-4DMFnQA5",
      "links": [
        [
          "리을",
          "리을"
        ],
        [
          "jamo",
          "jamo"
        ],
        [
          "Hangul",
          "Hangul"
        ],
        [
          "alveolar",
          "alveolar"
        ],
        [
          "flap",
          "flap"
        ],
        [
          "approximant",
          "approximant"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "n",
          "roman": "n",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㄴ"
        },
        {
          "english": "d",
          "roman": "d",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㄷ"
        },
        {
          "english": "tt; tt",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㄸ"
        },
        {
          "english": "t",
          "roman": "t",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㅌ"
        },
        {
          "english": "s",
          "roman": "s",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㅅ"
        },
        {
          "english": "ss",
          "roman": "ss",
          "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
          "word": "ㅆ"
        },
        {
          "english": "m",
          "roman": "m",
          "sense": "Nasal stops",
          "word": "ㅁ"
        },
        {
          "alt": "'",
          "english": "ng",
          "sense": "Nasal stops",
          "word": "ㅇ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "'Phags-pa script",
        "Sejong of Joseon",
        "en:Rieul (hangul)",
        "ko:ㄹ"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/l/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾ]",
      "note": "word-initially or between vowels"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[n]",
      "note": "after nasals other than /n/, or after stops"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɭ]",
      "note": "elsewhere"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㄹ"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "半舌音"
      },
      "expansion": "半舌音 (bàn shé yīn)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "ㄹ"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mul",
        "2": "ꡙ",
        "sc": "Phag",
        "tr": "l"
      },
      "expansion": "ꡙ (l)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Ledyard 1997"
      },
      "expansion": "Ledyard 1997",
      "name": "ko-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived from the \"outline of the tongue\" when pronouncing this \"semi-lingual sound\" (半舌音 (bàn shé yīn)), but does not elaborate.\nGari Ledyard suggests that Sejong may have had his inspiration for ㄹ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡙ (l), although he is more tentative here than with the Hangul letters for the plosives. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "l",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "letter"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ • (l)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "character",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "n",
      "roman": "n",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㄴ"
    },
    {
      "english": "d",
      "roman": "d",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㄷ"
    },
    {
      "english": "tt; tt",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㄸ"
    },
    {
      "english": "t",
      "roman": "t",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㅌ"
    },
    {
      "english": "s",
      "roman": "s",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㅅ"
    },
    {
      "english": "ss",
      "roman": "ss",
      "sense": "Alveolar consonants",
      "word": "ㅆ"
    },
    {
      "english": "m",
      "roman": "m",
      "sense": "Nasal stops",
      "word": "ㅁ"
    },
    {
      "alt": "'",
      "english": "ng",
      "sense": "Nasal stops",
      "word": "ㅇ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean letters",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean terms without ko-IPA template",
        "Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "리을 (rieul, “rieul”), a jamo (letter) of Hangul, the Korean alphabet: the alveolar flap or approximant ([ɾ], [l])"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "리을",
          "리을"
        ],
        [
          "jamo",
          "jamo"
        ],
        [
          "Hangul",
          "Hangul"
        ],
        [
          "alveolar",
          "alveolar"
        ],
        [
          "flap",
          "flap"
        ],
        [
          "approximant",
          "approximant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "letter"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "'Phags-pa script",
        "Sejong of Joseon",
        "en:Rieul (hangul)",
        "ko:ㄹ"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/l/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾ]",
      "note": "word-initially or between vowels"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[n]",
      "note": "after nasals other than /n/, or after stops"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɭ]",
      "note": "elsewhere"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ㄹ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"ㄹ" meaning in All languages combined

Character [Korean]