See ぐる on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるり",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるり (gururi, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるぐる",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐる",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ぐる (guru, noun)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるっと",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるり",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるり (kururi, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるくる",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるくる (kurukuru, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるっと",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるっと (kurutto, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This term is the root of a cluster of terms deriving from a basic meaning of turning, spinning, going around in a circle.\n* ぐるり (gururi, adverb), attested from 1603\n* ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb), attested from 1625\n* ぐる (guru, noun), attested from 1692\n* ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb), attested from 1907\nAlmost certainly derived from verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to turn pages”), with similar derivatives:\n* くるり (kururi, adverb), attested from the 1150s\n* くるくる (kurukuru, adverb), attested from the late 900s\n* くるっと (kurutto, adverb), attested from 1907\nCompare also likely-related noun 枢 (kuru, kururu, kururi, “door hinge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ideophonic root"
},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese ideophonic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gururi",
"word": "ぐるり"
},
{
"roman": "guruguru",
"word": "ぐるぐる"
},
{
"roman": "gurutto",
"word": "ぐるっと"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rotating, spinning, turning"
],
"id": "en-ぐる-ja-root-OqQ5JUZF",
"links": [
[
"rotating",
"rotating"
],
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"turning",
"turning"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるぐる",
"2": "",
"3": "around and around"
},
"expansion": "ぐるぐる (guruguru, “around and around”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originated as a jōruri or kabuki argot word, from the sense of a (usually criminal) ring that metaphorically goes ぐるぐる (guruguru, “around and around”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ぐる",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "グル",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "グル"
},
"expansion": "ぐる or グル • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 2 2 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 2 2 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 2 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 3 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accomplice, co-conspirator"
],
"id": "en-ぐる-ja-noun-rT9B20Lc",
"links": [
[
"accomplice",
"accomplice"
],
[
"co-conspirator",
"co-conspirator"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) accomplice, co-conspirator"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "共犯者"
},
{
"word": "共謀者"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōruri (music)",
"kabuki"
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of ぐるぐる髷 (guruguru mage, guruguru wage), a hairstyle during the Edo period wherein the hair is simply wound up (guruguru) and pinned on top of the head in a bun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"the bun hairstyle"
],
"id": "en-ぐる-ja-noun-nRIghmYq",
"links": [
[
"bun",
"bun"
],
[
"hairstyle",
"hairstyle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, historical) the bun hairstyle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ぐるぐる髷"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period"
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening and shift from ぐるり (gururi), from the way that an 帯 (obi, “sash”) winds around the body.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"an obi"
],
"id": "en-ぐる-ja-noun--WQB1tjM",
"links": [
[
"obi",
"obi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, archaic) an obi"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "帯"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese ideophonic roots",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gururi",
"word": "ぐるり"
},
{
"roman": "guruguru",
"word": "ぐるぐる"
},
{
"roman": "gurutto",
"word": "ぐるっと"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるり",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるり (gururi, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるぐる",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐる",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ぐる (guru, noun)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるっと",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるり",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるり (kururi, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるくる",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるくる (kurukuru, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "くるっと",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "くるっと (kurutto, adverb)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This term is the root of a cluster of terms deriving from a basic meaning of turning, spinning, going around in a circle.\n* ぐるり (gururi, adverb), attested from 1603\n* ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb), attested from 1625\n* ぐる (guru, noun), attested from 1692\n* ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb), attested from 1907\nAlmost certainly derived from verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to turn pages”), with similar derivatives:\n* くるり (kururi, adverb), attested from the 1150s\n* くるくる (kurukuru, adverb), attested from the late 900s\n* くるっと (kurutto, adverb), attested from 1907\nCompare also likely-related noun 枢 (kuru, kururu, kururi, “door hinge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ideophonic root"
},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rotating, spinning, turning"
],
"links": [
[
"rotating",
"rotating"
],
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"turning",
"turning"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぐるぐる",
"2": "",
"3": "around and around"
},
"expansion": "ぐるぐる (guruguru, “around and around”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originated as a jōruri or kabuki argot word, from the sense of a (usually criminal) ring that metaphorically goes ぐるぐる (guruguru, “around and around”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ぐる",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "グル",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "グル"
},
"expansion": "ぐる or グル • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang"
],
"glosses": [
"accomplice, co-conspirator"
],
"links": [
[
"accomplice",
"accomplice"
],
[
"co-conspirator",
"co-conspirator"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) accomplice, co-conspirator"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "共犯者"
},
{
"word": "共謀者"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Jōruri (music)",
"kabuki"
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of ぐるぐる髷 (guruguru mage, guruguru wage), a hairstyle during the Edo period wherein the hair is simply wound up (guruguru) and pinned on top of the head in a bun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"the bun hairstyle"
],
"links": [
[
"bun",
"bun"
],
[
"hairstyle",
"hairstyle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, historical) the bun hairstyle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ぐるぐる髷"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edo period"
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening and shift from ぐるり (gururi), from the way that an 帯 (obi, “sash”) winds around the body.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ぐる • (guru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"an obi"
],
"links": [
[
"obi",
"obi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, archaic) an obi"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "帯"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぐる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "ぐる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ぐる meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぐる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "root",
"title": "ぐる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぐる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ぐる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぐる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ぐる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"ぐる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ぐる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.