See ấy on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"forms": [
{
"form": "意",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "衣",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧘇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "倚",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱍸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪬫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫢚",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "determiner",
"3": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚"
},
"expansion": "ấy • (意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚"
},
"expansion": "ấy • (意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚)",
"name": "vi-determ"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 7 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 20 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 5 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that; those"
],
"id": "en-ấy-vi-det-eSM7yZ9x",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"those",
"those"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern Vietnam) that; those"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
},
{
"word": "Northern-Southern"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "Central"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"word": "6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ()"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "í"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 47 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sentence-ending intensifying particle"
],
"id": "en-ấy-vi-particle-8Te0Ipn4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern Vietnam) sentence-ending intensifying particle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đó"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "í"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, my buddy/gal"
],
"id": "en-ấy-vi-pron-0DyC3BWd",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"buddy",
"buddy"
],
[
"gal",
"gal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, humorous) you, my buddy/gal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đằng ấy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"humorous"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "í"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese determiners",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"forms": [
{
"form": "意",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "衣",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧘇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "倚",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱍸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪬫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫢚",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "determiner",
"3": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚"
},
"expansion": "ấy • (意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚"
},
"expansion": "ấy • (意, 衣, 𧘇, 倚, 𱍸, 𪬫, 𫢚)",
"name": "vi-determ"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "det",
"related": [
{
"word": "Place"
},
{
"word": "attributive1n-"
},
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "nominal2đ-"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "Mannerr-"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "Extent 14b-"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "Extent 25v-"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy"
},
{
"word": "Northern-Southern"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "Central"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"word": "6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"that; those"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"those",
"those"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern Vietnam) that; those"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "í"
},
{
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese determiners",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"sentence-ending intensifying particle"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern Vietnam) sentence-ending intensifying particle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đó"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "í"
},
{
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese determiners",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_text": "Diachronically, this is probably a Northern Vietnamese innovation occured some time between the stages of Proto-Vietnamese and attested Northern Old Vietnamese. It is amply attested in the oldest Nôm texts (which are all in Northern Old Vietnamese or its offshoot(s)), yet has no cognate in the Muong lects, and usage of this morpheme by Central and Southern speakers clearly indicates borrowing. It also does not neatly fit into Proto-Vietnamese demonstrative paradigm with its zero-initial.\nThe situation can probably be hypothesized as",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ấy",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese humorous terms"
],
"glosses": [
"you, my buddy/gal"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"buddy",
"buddy"
],
[
"gal",
"gal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, humorous) you, my buddy/gal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đằng ấy"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"humorous"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔəj˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ấy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%E1%BA%A5y.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "í"
},
{
"word": "ý"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lê Thánh Tông"
],
"word": "ấy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ấy meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/674",
"msg": "parenthesized number but there is no sense with such index: 1943",
"path": [
"ấy"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "determiner",
"title": "ấy",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.