See छल on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀙𑀮",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀙𑀮"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "छल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छल (chala)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala), from Sanskrit छल (chala).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "چهل",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलों",
"roman": "chalõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलो",
"roman": "chalo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"ur": "چهل"
},
"expansion": "छल • (chal) m (Urdu spelling چهل)",
"name": "hi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<M>"
},
"name": "hi-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fraud, deceit; excuse"
],
"id": "en-छल-hi-noun-Gis1cj8m",
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "धोखा"
},
{
"word": "कपट"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruse, ploy, plot"
],
"id": "en-छल-hi-noun-OzJv1PbI",
"links": [
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
],
[
"ploy",
"ploy"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʰəl/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɐl]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əl"
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "छल n",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chala"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 61 15 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 54 20 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devanagari script form of chala"
],
"id": "en-छल-pi-noun-YXCm2XBB",
"links": [
[
"chala",
"chala#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"Devanagari",
"alt-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "celaka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: celaka\n> Indonesian: celaka (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: celaka\n> Indonesian: celaka (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root छल् (chal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "छलम्",
"roman": "chalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलम्",
"roman": "chalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेन",
"roman": "chalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "छलैः",
"roman": "chalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभिः1",
"roman": "chalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाय",
"roman": "chalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभ्यः",
"roman": "chalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलात्",
"roman": "chalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभ्यः",
"roman": "chalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलस्य",
"roman": "chalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलयोः",
"roman": "chalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानाम्",
"roman": "chalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलयोः",
"roman": "chalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेषु",
"roman": "chaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "छल • (chala) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 37 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 39 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fraud, deceit, sham, guise, pretence, delusion, semblance, fiction, feint, trick, fallacy"
],
"id": "en-छल-sa-noun-3iwMANXk",
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"sham",
"sham"
],
[
"guise",
"guise"
],
[
"pretence",
"pretence"
],
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
],
[
"semblance",
"semblance"
],
[
"fiction",
"fiction"
],
[
"feint",
"feint"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"fallacy",
"fallacy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words"
],
"id": "en-छल-sa-noun-DE8iEqsx",
"links": [
[
"deceitful",
"deceitful"
],
[
"disputation",
"disputation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wickedness"
],
"id": "en-छल-sa-noun-mERdyqnO",
"links": [
[
"wickedness",
"wickedness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
"Hindi lemmas",
"Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns",
"Hindi masculine nouns",
"Hindi nouns",
"Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit",
"Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hindi/əl",
"Rhymes:Hindi/əl/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀙𑀮",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀙𑀮"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "sa",
"3": "छल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छल (chala)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala), from Sanskrit छल (chala).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "چهل",
"tags": [
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hi-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"direct",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलों",
"roman": "chalõ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलो",
"roman": "chalo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"ur": "چهل"
},
"expansion": "छल • (chal) m (Urdu spelling چهل)",
"name": "hi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<M>"
},
"name": "hi-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fraud, deceit; excuse"
],
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "धोखा"
},
{
"word": "कपट"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruse, ploy, plot"
],
"links": [
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
],
[
"ploy",
"ploy"
],
[
"plot",
"plot"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʰəl/",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ʃʰɐl]",
"tags": [
"Delhi"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əl"
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "छल n",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chala"
}
],
"categories": [
"Devanagari script",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"Pali lemmas",
"Pali neuter nouns",
"Pali nouns",
"Pali nouns in Devanagari script"
],
"glosses": [
"Devanagari script form of chala"
],
"links": [
[
"chala",
"chala#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"Devanagari",
"alt-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "celaka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: celaka\n> Indonesian: celaka (inherited)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: celaka\n> Indonesian: celaka (inherited)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root छल् (chal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chala",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "छलम्",
"roman": "chalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलम्",
"roman": "chalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेन",
"roman": "chalena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "छलैः",
"roman": "chalaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभिः1",
"roman": "chalebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाय",
"roman": "chalāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभ्यः",
"roman": "chalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलात्",
"roman": "chalāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलाभ्याम्",
"roman": "chalābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेभ्यः",
"roman": "chalebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छलस्य",
"roman": "chalasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलयोः",
"roman": "chalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानाम्",
"roman": "chalānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "छलयोः",
"roman": "chalayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलेषु",
"roman": "chaleṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "छल",
"roman": "chala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छले",
"roman": "chale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छलानि",
"roman": "chalāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "छला1",
"roman": "chalā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "छल • (chala) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fraud, deceit, sham, guise, pretence, delusion, semblance, fiction, feint, trick, fallacy"
],
"links": [
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"sham",
"sham"
],
[
"guise",
"guise"
],
[
"pretence",
"pretence"
],
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
],
[
"semblance",
"semblance"
],
[
"fiction",
"fiction"
],
[
"feint",
"feint"
],
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"fallacy",
"fallacy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words"
],
"links": [
[
"deceitful",
"deceitful"
],
[
"disputation",
"disputation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wickedness"
],
"links": [
[
"wickedness",
"wickedness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰɐ.lɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰɐ.l̪ɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "छल"
}
Download raw JSONL data for छल meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.