See سرف on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for سرف meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"roman": "saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَف",
"roman": "as-saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"roman": "saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفٌ",
"roman": "sarafun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفُ",
"roman": "as-sarafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفُ",
"roman": "sarafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفًا",
"roman": "sarafan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفَ",
"roman": "as-sarafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفَ",
"roman": "sarafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفٍ",
"roman": "sarafin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفِ",
"roman": "as-sarafi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفِ",
"roman": "sarafi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَرَف",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "سَرَف • (saraf) m",
"name": "ar-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَرَف"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dissipation, waste"
],
"id": "en-سرف-ar-noun-iJEis0oE",
"links": [
[
"dissipation",
"dissipation"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 83 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 51 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 75 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms belonging to the root س ر ف",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 87 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"exaggeration, immoderateness, intemperance"
],
"id": "en-سرف-ar-noun-Tosx-xfP",
"links": [
[
"exaggeration",
"exaggeration"
],
[
"immoderateness",
"immoderateness"
],
[
"intemperance",
"intemperance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why do they portray benevolence as extravagance and depict unselfishness as folly?\nTranslated by Jim Colville",
"ref": "a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “خطبة الكتاب”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, page 30",
"roman": "walima jaʕalū l-jūda sarafan wal-ʔaṯrata jahlan",
"text": "وَلِمَ جَعَلُوا الْجُودَ سَرَفًا وَٱلْأَثْرَةَ جَهْلًا",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "11th century, Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Kulliyyāt",
"text": "السرف: تجاوز الحد في كلِّ فعل يفعله الإنسان، وإن كان ذلك في الإنفاق أشهر",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, prodigality"
],
"id": "en-سرف-ar-noun-6uQPvkGG",
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"prodigality",
"prodigality"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ʔisrāf",
"word": "إِسْرَاف"
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sorf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "verb form",
"tr": "sorf"
},
"expansion": "سرف • (sorf)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sorfidan",
"word": "سرفیدن"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present stem form of سرفیدن (sorfidan)"
],
"id": "en-سرف-fa-verb-iABnMX5S",
"links": [
[
"سرفیدن",
"سرفیدن#Persian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"stem"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[soɹf]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سَرَف",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Arabic سَرَف (saraf)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سَرَف"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "सर्फ़",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "सर्फ़",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "سرف • (sarf) m (Hindi spelling सर्फ़)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure"
],
"id": "en-سرف-ur-noun-kMd-f5h3",
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"non-essential",
"non-essential"
],
[
"expenditure",
"expenditure"
]
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "ur",
"3": "سرف",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "Urdu سرف (sarf)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Urdu سرف (sarf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "سرف (sarf)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ushojo",
"lang_code": "ush",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ushojo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure"
],
"id": "en-سرف-ush-noun-kMd-f5h3",
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"non-essential",
"non-essential"
],
[
"expenditure",
"expenditure"
]
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"categories": [
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic masculine nouns",
"Arabic nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root س ر ف",
"Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "saraf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"roman": "saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَف",
"roman": "as-saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَف",
"roman": "saraf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفٌ",
"roman": "sarafun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفُ",
"roman": "as-sarafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفُ",
"roman": "sarafu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفًا",
"roman": "sarafan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفَ",
"roman": "as-sarafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفَ",
"roman": "sarafa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفٍ",
"roman": "sarafin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "السَّرَفِ",
"roman": "as-sarafi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "سَرَفِ",
"roman": "sarafi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَرَف",
"2": "m"
},
"expansion": "سَرَف • (saraf) m",
"name": "ar-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَرَف"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dissipation, waste"
],
"links": [
[
"dissipation",
"dissipation"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"exaggeration, immoderateness, intemperance"
],
"links": [
[
"exaggeration",
"exaggeration"
],
[
"immoderateness",
"immoderateness"
],
[
"intemperance",
"intemperance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arabic terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Arabic quotations",
"Requests for transliteration of Arabic quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why do they portray benevolence as extravagance and depict unselfishness as folly?\nTranslated by Jim Colville",
"ref": "a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “خطبة الكتاب”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, page 30",
"roman": "walima jaʕalū l-jūda sarafan wal-ʔaṯrata jahlan",
"text": "وَلِمَ جَعَلُوا الْجُودَ سَرَفًا وَٱلْأَثْرَةَ جَهْلًا",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "11th century, Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Kulliyyāt",
"text": "السرف: تجاوز الحد في كلِّ فعل يفعله الإنسان، وإن كان ذلك في الإنفاق أشهر",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, prodigality"
],
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"prodigality",
"prodigality"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ʔisrāf",
"word": "إِسْرَاف"
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sorf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "verb form",
"tr": "sorf"
},
"expansion": "سرف • (sorf)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian non-lemma forms",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Persian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sorfidan",
"word": "سرفیدن"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present stem form of سرفیدن (sorfidan)"
],
"links": [
[
"سرفیدن",
"سرفیدن#Persian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"stem"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[sʊɾf]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[soɹf]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[suɾf]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سَرَف",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Arabic سَرَف (saraf)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سَرَف"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "सर्फ़",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"hi": "सर्फ़",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "سرف • (sarf) m (Hindi spelling सर्फ़)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu masculine nouns",
"Urdu nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Urdu terms derived from Arabic",
"Urdu terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure"
],
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"non-essential",
"non-essential"
],
[
"expenditure",
"expenditure"
]
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "ur",
"3": "سرف",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "Urdu سرف (sarf)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Urdu سرف (sarf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarf",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ush",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"tr": "sarf"
},
"expansion": "سرف (sarf)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ushojo",
"lang_code": "ush",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ushojo entries with incorrect language header",
"Ushojo lemmas",
"Ushojo nouns",
"Ushojo terms borrowed from Urdu",
"Ushojo terms derived from Urdu"
],
"glosses": [
"extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure"
],
"links": [
[
"extravagance",
"extravagance"
],
[
"excess",
"excess"
],
[
"non-essential",
"non-essential"
],
[
"expenditure",
"expenditure"
]
]
}
],
"word": "سرف"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.