See خود on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "xod",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 0 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "fa:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self, the self"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-noun-HmZU2MFZ",
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷað]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xud̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "az xod bixod šodan",
"word": "از خود بیخود شدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "be xodi-ye xod",
"word": "به خودی خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bixod",
"word": "بیخود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bixodi",
"word": "بیخودی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xod be xod",
"word": "خود به خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xod neveštan",
"word": "خود نوشتن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xod-âmuz",
"word": "خودآموز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xod-erzâyi",
"word": "خودارضایی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xodbin",
"word": "خودبین"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xodrow",
"word": "خودرو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xodkâr",
"word": "خودکار"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xod-koši",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xodi",
"word": "خودی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "খোদ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "Խոդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "খোদ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "خود",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "→ Gilaki: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gilaki: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ખુદ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ख़ुद"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "خود",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "خوِد",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Kurdish: خوِد (xwid)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Kurdish: خوِد (xwid)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "खुद्द",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "خود",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "→ Pashto: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pashto: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਖ਼ੁਦ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "خود",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 0 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "fa:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
26
],
[
70,
77
]
],
"english": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"ref": "c. 1260, Rumi, The Masnavi:",
"roman": "hamle bar xod mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar xod hamle kard.",
"text": "حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
31,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"ref": "2009, Shadmehr Aghili, “تقدیر (taqdir)”:",
"roman": "to bâ xod-et ham došman-i.",
"text": "تو با خودت هم دشمنی.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self, -self"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-pron-KS0WF2~c",
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) self, -self"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian usage examples with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 16 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 0 27 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 0 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "fa:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
49
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"More literary"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xod-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?",
"text": "مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
52
],
[
96,
99
]
],
"english": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"raw_tags": [
"More colloquial"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xod-et-o ne-mi-šnâsi?",
"text": "مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-pron-NzYlGqW5",
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷað]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xud̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਖੋਦ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "خود",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "xwd",
"t": "helm",
"tr": "xōd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "xpr",
"3": "xwwd",
"gloss": "helmet",
"tr": "*xōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kadʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard, cover, care for, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠",
"3": "",
"4": "hat",
"tr": "xaudā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "худ",
"3": "",
"4": "hat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hat"
},
"expansion": "English hat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوی",
"notext": "1",
"tr1": "xoy"
},
"expansion": "خوی (xoy)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խոյր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ხვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ხვირი (xviri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "خُوذَة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "خودها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "xud",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud) (plural خودها)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "خودها",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud) (plural خودها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 57 4 34",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "fa:Headwear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kolâh-xud",
"word": "کلاهخود"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a helmet"
],
"id": "en-خود-fa-noun-hgxtfV1b",
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ترگ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xoːð]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊːd̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xuːd̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χɵd̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)/خْوُد (xwud).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xvud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ख़ुद",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "ख़ुद",
"tr": "xud, xvud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud, xvud) (Hindi spelling ख़ुद)",
"name": "ur-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "suicide",
"roman": "xudkushi",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"english": "selfish",
"roman": "xudġarz",
"word": "خودغرض"
},
{
"english": "automatically",
"roman": "xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud",
"word": "خود بخود"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "I will do this work myself.",
"roman": "ma͠i ye kām xud karūṅgā.",
"text": "میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own"
],
"id": "en-خود-ur-pron-HHC6D0SV",
"links": [
[
"reflexive pronoun",
"reflexive pronoun#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "āp",
"word": "آپ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xwʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1617 (urd)-Syamantak07-خود.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "xod",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"self, the self"
],
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷað]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xud̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "az xod bixod šodan",
"word": "از خود بیخود شدن"
},
{
"roman": "be xodi-ye xod",
"word": "به خودی خود"
},
{
"roman": "bixod",
"word": "بیخود"
},
{
"roman": "bixodi",
"word": "بیخودی"
},
{
"roman": "xod be xod",
"word": "خود به خود"
},
{
"roman": "xod neveštan",
"word": "خود نوشتن"
},
{
"roman": "xod-âmuz",
"word": "خودآموز"
},
{
"roman": "xod-erzâyi",
"word": "خودارضایی"
},
{
"roman": "xodbin",
"word": "خودبین"
},
{
"roman": "xodrow",
"word": "خودرو"
},
{
"roman": "xodkâr",
"word": "خودکار"
},
{
"roman": "xod-koši",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"roman": "xodi",
"word": "خودی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "খোদ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "Խոդ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "খোদ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "خود",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "→ Gilaki: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gilaki: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "ખુદ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "ख़ुद"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "خود",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "خوِد",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Kurdish: خوِد (xwid)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Kurdish: خوِد (xwid)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "खुद्द",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "خود",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "→ Pashto: خود (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pashto: خود (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਖ਼ੁਦ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "خود",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "iir-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "BNPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian BNPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*hvatah"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *hvatah",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xod",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xod"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xod)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian reflexive pronouns",
"Persian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
26
],
[
70,
77
]
],
"english": "You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.",
"ref": "c. 1260, Rumi, The Masnavi:",
"roman": "hamle bar xod mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar xod hamle kard.",
"text": "حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
31,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "You are an enemy even with yourself.",
"ref": "2009, Shadmehr Aghili, “تقدیر (taqdir)”:",
"roman": "to bâ xod-et ham došman-i.",
"text": "تو با خودت هم دشمنی.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self, -self"
],
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
],
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) self, -self"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"Persian usage examples with omitted translation"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
49
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"More literary"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xod-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?",
"text": "مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
52
],
[
96,
99
]
],
"english": "Don’t you recognize your own mother?",
"raw_tags": [
"More colloquial"
],
"roman": "mâdar-e xod-et-o ne-mi-šnâsi?",
"text": "مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خویش"
}
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷað]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xud̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xod̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χud̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian doublets",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Parthian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"fa:Armor",
"fa:Headwear"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kolâh-xud",
"word": "کلاهخود"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਖੋਦ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਖੋਦ (khod)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "خود",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "xwd",
"t": "helm",
"tr": "xōd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "xpr",
"3": "xwwd",
"gloss": "helmet",
"tr": "*xōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Iranian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kadʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to guard, cover, care for, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠",
"3": "",
"4": "hat",
"tr": "xaudā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "худ",
"3": "",
"4": "hat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hat"
},
"expansion": "English hat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خوی",
"notext": "1",
"tr1": "xoy"
},
"expansion": "خوی (xoy)",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խոյր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ხვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ხვირი (xviri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "خُوذَة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "خودها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"10": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"11": "",
"12": "<small>[Term?]</small>",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "خودها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "xud",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud) (plural خودها)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "خودها",
"tr": "xud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud) (plural خودها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a helmet"
],
"links": [
[
"helmet",
"helmet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ترگ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xoːð]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xoːd̪]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xʊːd̪̥]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xuːd̪̥]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χɵd̪]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:خود"
],
"word": "خود"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "suicide",
"roman": "xudkushi",
"word": "خودکشی"
},
{
"english": "selfish",
"roman": "xudġarz",
"word": "خودغرض"
},
{
"english": "automatically",
"roman": "xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud",
"word": "خود بخود"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)/خْوُد (xwud).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xvud",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ख़ुद",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "ख़ुद",
"tr": "xud, xvud"
},
"expansion": "خود • (xud, xvud) (Hindi spelling ख़ुद)",
"name": "ur-pron"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu pronouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Urdu terms with redundant head parameter",
"Urdu terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "I will do this work myself.",
"roman": "ma͠i ye kām xud karūṅgā.",
"text": "میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own"
],
"links": [
[
"reflexive pronoun",
"reflexive pronoun#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xwʊd̪/",
"tags": [
"Standard",
"Urdu"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1617 (urd)-Syamantak07-خود.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-Syamantak07-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "āp",
"word": "آپ"
}
],
"word": "خود"
}
Download raw JSONL data for خود meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.