"خواب" meaning in All languages combined

See خواب on Wiktionary

Adjective [Persian]

IPA: [xʷɑːβ] [Classical-Persian], [xɑːb] [Dari, formal], [xɑːb] [Dari, formal], [xäw] [Kabuli], [xäw] (note: Hazaragi), [xeːw] (note: Hazaragi), [xɒːb̥] [Iran, formal], [χɔb] [Tajik, formal] Forms: xâb [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis. Etymology templates: {{wp|lang=fa}}, {{root|fa|ine-pro|*swep-}}, {{der|fa|pal|𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡|tr=hwʾb|ts=xwāb}} Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), {{der|fa|ira-pro|*hwápati}} Proto-Iranian *hwápati, {{der|fa|iir-pro|*swap-}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, {{der|fa|ine-pro|*swep-||to dream}} Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”), {{cog|kmr|xew}} Northern Kurdish xew, {{m|kmr|xewn}} xewn, {{cog|ru|спать}} Russian спать (spatʹ), {{cog|grc|ὕπνος||sleep}} Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), {{m|en|hypnosis}} hypnosis Head templates: {{fa-adj|tr=xâb}} خواب • (xâb)
  1. asleep
    Sense id: en-خواب-fa-adj-6lGublSP

Noun [Persian]

IPA: [xʷɑːβ] [Classical-Persian], [xɑːb] [Dari, formal], [xɑːb] [Dari, formal], [xäw] [Kabuli], [xäw] (note: Hazaragi), [xeːw] (note: Hazaragi), [xɒːb̥] [Iran, formal], [χɔb] [Tajik, formal] Forms: xâb [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis. Etymology templates: {{wp|lang=fa}}, {{root|fa|ine-pro|*swep-}}, {{der|fa|pal|𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡|tr=hwʾb|ts=xwāb}} Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), {{der|fa|ira-pro|*hwápati}} Proto-Iranian *hwápati, {{der|fa|iir-pro|*swap-}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, {{der|fa|ine-pro|*swep-||to dream}} Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”), {{cog|kmr|xew}} Northern Kurdish xew, {{m|kmr|xewn}} xewn, {{cog|ru|спать}} Russian спать (spatʹ), {{cog|grc|ὕπνος||sleep}} Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), {{m|en|hypnosis}} hypnosis Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|||||||f1tr=|f2tr=|f3tr=|head=|head2=|head3=|tr=xâb|tr2=|tr3=}} خواب • (xâb), {{fa-noun|tr=xâb}} خواب • (xâb)
  1. sleep
    Sense id: en-خواب-fa-noun-CvpbtdXx
  2. dream Synonyms: رؤیا
    Sense id: en-خواب-fa-noun-MP3jWLNH Categories (other): Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Persian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 20 4 76 Disambiguation of Persian entries with incorrect language header: 11 3 86
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: به خواب رفتن (be xâb raftan) (english: to go to sleep), خواب آمدن (xâb âmadan) (english: to feel sleepy), خواب از سر پریدن (xâb az sar paridan) (english: to awaken suddenly), خواب بردن (xâb bordan) (english: to fall asleep), خواب دیدن (xâb didan) (english: to dream), خوابیدن (xâbidan) (english: to sleep), تختخواب (taxtexâb) (english: bed), خوابگاه (xâbgâh) (english: dormitory), خوابیده (xâbide), رختخواب (raxtexâb) (english: bedroll) Related terms: خفتن (xoftan) (english: to sleep)

Noun [Sindhi]

IPA: [xʊvaːbʊ] Forms: xuvābu [romanization], ख़ुवाबु [Devanagari]
Etymology: Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|sd|fa-cls|خْوَاب|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), {{bor+|sd|fa-cls|خْوَاب}} Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb) Head templates: {{head|sd|noun|Devanagari|ख़ुवाबु|||||f1sc=Deva|f2sc=|g=m|head=|sccat=1|tr=xuvābu}} خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु), {{sd-noun|d=ख़ुवाबु|g=m|head=خُوابُ|tr=xuvābu}} خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)
  1. dream

Noun [Urdu]

IPA: /xʷɑːb/ [Standard, Urdu], [xɑːb] [Standard, Urdu]
Rhymes: -ɑːb Etymology: Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Doublet of سپنا (sapnā). Etymology templates: {{root|ur|ine-pro|*swep-}}, {{root|ur|iir-pro|*swap-}}, {{root|ur|ira-pro|*hwap-}}, {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ur|fa-cls|خْوَاب|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), {{bor+|ur|fa-cls|خْوَاب}} Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), {{der|ur|iir-pro|*swap-}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, {{der|ur|ine-pro|*swep-||to dream}} Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”), {{doublet|ur|سپنا|tr1=sapnā}} Doublet of سپنا (sapnā) Head templates: {{ur-noun|g=m|head=خْوَاب}} خْوَاب • (xvāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़्वाब) Inflection templates: {{ur-decl-noun|خواب|xvāb|خواب|xvāb|خواب|xvāb|خوابوں|xvābō̃|خواب|xvāb|خوابو|xvābō}} Forms: خْوَاب [canonical], xvāb [romanization], ख़्वाब [Hindi], no-table-tags [table-tags], خواب [direct, singular], خواب [direct, plural], خواب [oblique, singular], خوابوں [oblique, plural], خواب [singular, vocative], خوابو [plural, vocative]
  1. dream Categories (topical): Sleep Synonyms: سپنا [rare], رؤیا
    Sense id: en-خواب-ur-noun-MP3jWLNH Disambiguation of Sleep: 41 44 2 13
  2. sleep Categories (topical): Sleep
    Sense id: en-خواب-ur-noun-CvpbtdXx Disambiguation of Sleep: 41 44 2 13
  3. vision, illusion
    Sense id: en-خواب-ur-noun-1XPXmpHG
  4. (figuratively) good news, glad tidings Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): Sleep
    Sense id: en-خواب-ur-noun-6zhOALJj Disambiguation of Sleep: 41 44 2 13 Categories (other): Urdu entries with incorrect language header, Urdu nouns with declension, Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Urdu terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Urdu entries with incorrect language header: 19 1 5 76 Disambiguation of Urdu nouns with declension: 29 11 19 40 Disambiguation of Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 31 1 6 62 Disambiguation of Urdu terms with redundant transliterations: 31 1 6 61
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: خواب گاہ (xāb gāh or xvāb gāh) (english: bedroom), خوابیدہ (xābidah or xvābidah) (english: asleep), خواب دیکھنا (xāb dekhnā or xvāb dekhna) (english: to dream)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for خواب meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to go to sleep",
      "roman": "be xâb raftan",
      "word": "به خواب رفتن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to feel sleepy",
      "roman": "xâb âmadan",
      "word": "خواب آمدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to awaken suddenly",
      "roman": "xâb az sar paridan",
      "word": "خواب از سر پریدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to fall asleep",
      "roman": "xâb bordan",
      "word": "خواب بردن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to dream",
      "roman": "xâb didan",
      "word": "خواب دیدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to sleep",
      "roman": "xâbidan",
      "word": "خوابیدن"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bed",
      "roman": "taxtexâb",
      "word": "تختخواب"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "dormitory",
      "roman": "xâbgâh",
      "word": "خوابگاه"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xâbide",
      "word": "خوابیده"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bedroll",
      "roman": "raxtexâb",
      "word": "رختخواب"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খোয়াব",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "khwab"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খোওয়াব",
            "tr": "khowab"
          },
          "expansion": "খোওয়াব (khowab)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খ্বাব",
            "tr": "khwab"
          },
          "expansion": "খ্বাব (khwab)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab), খোওয়াব (khowab), খ্বাব (khwab)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani: xvāb, xāb, khāb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ख़्वाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: ख़्वाब",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ख़ाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "ख़ाब",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "खाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "खाब",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: ख़्वाब, ख़ाब, खाब"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "خواب",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: خواب",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: خواب"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "fa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡",
        "tr": "hwʾb",
        "ts": "xwāb"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwápati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwápati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xew"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xewn"
      },
      "expansion": "xewn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "спать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian спать (spatʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὕπνος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hypnosis"
      },
      "expansion": "hypnosis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xâb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "xâb",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "xâb"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to sleep",
      "roman": "xoftan",
      "word": "خفتن"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,\nSaid, \"Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep [lit. is sleep upon you]?\"\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "guft ay âšiq-i dêrîna-yi man xwâb-at hast?",
          "text": "سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین\nگفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟\nsar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams\nWhen my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê",
          "text": "چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم\nکز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی\nčôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;\nThere is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]",
          "roman": "gard-i taxayyul-i dô sarâb ast hastêm",
          "text": "بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم\nگرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم\nbîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sleep"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-fa-noun-CvpbtdXx",
      "links": [
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 4 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This world acts wholly like a dream;\nHe whose heart is awake shall realize it.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 930, Rōdakī, دیوان رودکی [The Divān of Rōdakī]",
          "roman": "ân šinâsad ki dil-aš bidâr ast",
          "text": "این جهان پاک خواب کردار است\nآن شناسد که دلش بیدار است\nîn jahân pâk xwâb kirdâr ast",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]",
          "roman": "ra'îs-i tabî'î šawad âlim râ, u ô râ az âlim-i a'lâ nusrat rasad o suxan-i ô dar âlim-i ulwî masmû' bâšad, u xwâb u ilhâm-i ô ba kamâl rasad.",
          "text": "رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams\nWhen my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê",
          "text": "چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم\nکز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی\nčôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-fa-noun-MP3jWLNH",
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "رؤیا"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʷɑːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xeːw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɒːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[χɔb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "fa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡",
        "tr": "hwʾb",
        "ts": "xwāb"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwápati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwápati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xew"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xewn"
      },
      "expansion": "xewn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "спать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian спать (spatʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὕπνος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hypnosis"
      },
      "expansion": "hypnosis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xâb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "xâb"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "asleep"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-fa-adj-6lGublSP",
      "links": [
        [
          "asleep",
          "asleep"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʷɑːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xeːw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɒːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[χɔb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xuvābu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ख़ुवाबु",
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "Devanagari",
        "4": "ख़ुवाबु",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1sc": "Deva",
        "f2sc": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "",
        "sccat": "1",
        "tr": "xuvābu"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "d": "ख़ुवाबु",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "خُوابُ",
        "tr": "xuvābu"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)",
      "name": "sd-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sindhi",
  "lang_code": "sd",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:sd-noun",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sindhi entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-sd-noun-MP3jWLNH",
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʊvaːbʊ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwap-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "سپنا",
        "tr1": "sapnā"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of سپنا (sapnā)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Doublet of سپنا (sapnā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "خْوَاب",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvāb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ख़्वाब",
      "tags": [
        "Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ur-noun-c-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خوابوں",
      "roman": "xvābō̃",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خوابو",
      "roman": "xvābō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "خْوَاب • (xvāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़्वाब)",
      "name": "ur-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "خواب",
        "10": "xvāb",
        "11": "خوابو",
        "12": "xvābō",
        "2": "xvāb",
        "3": "خواب",
        "4": "xvāb",
        "5": "خواب",
        "6": "xvāb",
        "7": "خوابوں",
        "8": "xvābō̃",
        "9": "خواب"
      },
      "name": "ur-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Urdu",
  "lang_code": "ur",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "bedroom",
      "roman": "xāb gāh or xvāb gāh",
      "word": "خواب گاہ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "asleep",
      "roman": "xābidah or xvābidah",
      "word": "خوابیدہ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to dream",
      "roman": "xāb dekhnā or xvāb dekhna",
      "word": "خواب دیکھنا"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 44 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ur",
          "name": "Sleep",
          "orig": "ur:Sleep",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-ur-noun-MP3jWLNH",
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "سپنا"
        },
        {
          "word": "رؤیا"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 44 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ur",
          "name": "Sleep",
          "orig": "ur:Sleep",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sleep"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-ur-noun-CvpbtdXx",
      "links": [
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "vision, illusion"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-ur-noun-1XPXmpHG",
      "links": [
        [
          "vision",
          "vision"
        ],
        [
          "illusion",
          "illusion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 1 5 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 11 19 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Urdu nouns with declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 1 6 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 1 6 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Urdu terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 44 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ur",
          "name": "Sleep",
          "orig": "ur:Sleep",
          "parents": [
            "Body",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "good news, glad tidings"
      ],
      "id": "en-خواب-ur-noun-6zhOALJj",
      "links": [
        [
          "good news",
          "good news"
        ],
        [
          "glad tidings",
          "glad tidings"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) good news, glad tidings"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xʷɑːb/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard",
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard",
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Persian adjectives",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ur:Sleep"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to go to sleep",
      "roman": "be xâb raftan",
      "word": "به خواب رفتن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to feel sleepy",
      "roman": "xâb âmadan",
      "word": "خواب آمدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to awaken suddenly",
      "roman": "xâb az sar paridan",
      "word": "خواب از سر پریدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to fall asleep",
      "roman": "xâb bordan",
      "word": "خواب بردن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to dream",
      "roman": "xâb didan",
      "word": "خواب دیدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "to sleep",
      "roman": "xâbidan",
      "word": "خوابیدن"
    },
    {
      "english": "bed",
      "roman": "taxtexâb",
      "word": "تختخواب"
    },
    {
      "english": "dormitory",
      "roman": "xâbgâh",
      "word": "خوابگاه"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xâbide",
      "word": "خوابیده"
    },
    {
      "english": "bedroll",
      "roman": "raxtexâb",
      "word": "رختخواب"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খোয়াব",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "khwab"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খোওয়াব",
            "tr": "khowab"
          },
          "expansion": "খোওয়াব (khowab)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "খ্বাব",
            "tr": "khwab"
          },
          "expansion": "খ্বাব (khwab)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: খোয়াব (khwab), খোওয়াব (khowab), খ্বাব (khwab)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed",
            "2": "→"
          },
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "tooltip"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "→",
          "name": "→"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani: xvāb, xāb, khāb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ख़्वाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: ख़्वाब",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "ख़ाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "ख़ाब",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "खाब",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "खाब",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: ख़्वाब, ख़ाब, खाब"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "خواب",
            "tr": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: خواب",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: خواب"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "fa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡",
        "tr": "hwʾb",
        "ts": "xwāb"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwápati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwápati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xew"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xewn"
      },
      "expansion": "xewn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "спать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian спать (spatʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὕπνος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hypnosis"
      },
      "expansion": "hypnosis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xâb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "xâb",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "xâb"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to sleep",
      "roman": "xoftan",
      "word": "خفتن"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He brought his head close to my ear and, in a plaintive voice,\nSaid, \"Hey, old-time lover of mine, are you asleep [lit. is sleep upon you]?\"\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 26”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "guft ay âšiq-i dêrîna-yi man xwâb-at hast?",
          "text": "سر فرا گوش من آورد، به آواز حزین\nگفت: ای عاشق دیرینه من خوابت هست؟\nsar farâ gôš-i man âward ba âwâz-i hazîn",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams\nWhen my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê",
          "text": "چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم\nکز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی\nčôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "There is wakefulness between two slumbers; that is us;\nThere is the dust of fancies between two mirages; that is us.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1720, 'Abd al-Qādir Bēdil, دیوان بیدل [The Divān of Bēdil]",
          "roman": "gard-i taxayyul-i dô sarâb ast hastêm",
          "text": "بیداری میان دو خواب است هستیم\nگرد تخیل دو سراب است هستیم\nbîdârî-yi miyân-i dô xwâb ast hastêm",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sleep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This world acts wholly like a dream;\nHe whose heart is awake shall realize it.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 930, Rōdakī, دیوان رودکی [The Divān of Rōdakī]",
          "roman": "ân šinâsad ki dil-aš bidâr ast",
          "text": "این جهان پاک خواب کردار است\nآن شناسد که دلش بیدار است\nîn jahân pâk xwâb kirdâr ast",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "He shall become the natural ruler of the world; succor shall come to him from the sublime world, and his word shall be obeyed in the celestial world; his dreams and inspirations shall reach perfection.\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1185, Shihāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī, پرتونامه [The Book of Illumination]",
          "roman": "ra'îs-i tabî'î šawad âlim râ, u ô râ az âlim-i a'lâ nusrat rasad o suxan-i ô dar âlim-i ulwî masmû' bâšad, u xwâb u ilhâm-i ô ba kamâl rasad.",
          "text": "رئیس طبیعی شود عالم را، و او را از عالم اعلا نصرت رسد و سخن او در عالم علوی مسموع باشد، و خواب و الهام او به کمال رسد.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "My love, how can I glimpse your face in dreams\nWhen my eyes cannot get but a single glimpse of sleep?\n(Classical Persian transliteration)",
          "ref": "c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]",
          "roman": "k-az xwâb mê-na-bênad čašm-am ba juz xayâlê",
          "text": "چون من خیال رویت جانا به خواب بینم\nکز خواب مینبیند چشمم به جز خیالی\nčôn man xayâl-i rôy-at jân-â ba xwâb bênam",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "رؤیا"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʷɑːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xeːw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɒːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[χɔb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Persian adjectives",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ur:Sleep"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "lang": "fa"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "wp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡",
        "tr": "hwʾb",
        "ts": "xwāb"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwápati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwápati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xew"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish xew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "xewn"
      },
      "expansion": "xewn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "спать"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian спать (spatʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὕπνος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hypnosis"
      },
      "expansion": "hypnosis",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭠𐭡 (hwʾb /⁠xwāb⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwápati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Compare Northern Kurdish xew, xewn, Russian спать (spatʹ), and Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”), whence hypnosis.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xâb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "xâb"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xâb)",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "asleep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "asleep",
          "asleep"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʷɑːβ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xäw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xeːw]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɒːb̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[χɔb]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "ur:Sleep"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xuvābu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ख़ुवाबु",
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sd",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "Devanagari",
        "4": "ख़ुवाबु",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1sc": "Deva",
        "f2sc": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "",
        "sccat": "1",
        "tr": "xuvābu"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "d": "ख़ुवाबु",
        "g": "m",
        "head": "خُوابُ",
        "tr": "xuvābu"
      },
      "expansion": "خواب • (xuvābu) m (Devanagari ख़ुवाबु)",
      "name": "sd-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sindhi",
  "lang_code": "sd",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using bad params when calling Template:sd-noun",
        "Sindhi entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sindhi lemmas",
        "Sindhi masculine nouns",
        "Sindhi nouns",
        "Sindhi nouns in Arabic script",
        "Sindhi terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
        "Sindhi terms derived from Classical Persian",
        "Sindhi terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʊvaːbʊ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːb",
    "Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːb/1 syllable",
    "Urdu doublets",
    "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
    "Urdu lemmas",
    "Urdu masculine nouns",
    "Urdu nouns",
    "Urdu nouns with declension",
    "Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
    "Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian",
    "Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Urdu terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-",
    "Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *swap-",
    "Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Iranian root *hwap-",
    "Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Urdu terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Urdu terms with redundant transliterations",
    "ur:Sleep"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*hwap-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*swap-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swep-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dream"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ur",
        "2": "سپنا",
        "tr1": "sapnā"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of سپنا (sapnā)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاب (xwāb), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swap-, from Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to dream”). Doublet of سپنا (sapnā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "خْوَاب",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvāb",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ख़्वाब",
      "tags": [
        "Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ur-noun-c-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خوابوں",
      "roman": "xvābō̃",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خواب",
      "roman": "xvāb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "خوابو",
      "roman": "xvābō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "خْوَاب"
      },
      "expansion": "خْوَاب • (xvāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़्वाब)",
      "name": "ur-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "خواب",
        "10": "xvāb",
        "11": "خوابو",
        "12": "xvābō",
        "2": "xvāb",
        "3": "خواب",
        "4": "xvāb",
        "5": "خواب",
        "6": "xvāb",
        "7": "خوابوں",
        "8": "xvābō̃",
        "9": "خواب"
      },
      "name": "ur-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Urdu",
  "lang_code": "ur",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "bedroom",
      "roman": "xāb gāh or xvāb gāh",
      "word": "خواب گاہ"
    },
    {
      "english": "asleep",
      "roman": "xābidah or xvābidah",
      "word": "خوابیدہ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to dream",
      "roman": "xāb dekhnā or xvāb dekhna",
      "word": "خواب دیکھنا"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dream"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dream",
          "dream"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "سپنا"
        },
        {
          "word": "رؤیا"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sleep"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sleep",
          "sleep"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "vision, illusion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vision",
          "vision"
        ],
        [
          "illusion",
          "illusion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "good news, glad tidings"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "good news",
          "good news"
        ],
        [
          "glad tidings",
          "glad tidings"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) good news, glad tidings"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xʷɑːb/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard",
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xɑːb]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard",
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːb"
    }
  ],
  "word": "خواب"
}
{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('tr', '', '')",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('tr', '', '')",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "extensionTag()"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parserfns/156",
  "msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
  "path": [
    "خواب",
    "sd-noun",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:checkparams:warn()",
    "frame:preprocess()",
    "#tag",
    "#tag"
  ],
  "section": "Sindhi",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "خواب",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.