See ابر on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"10": "{{{n}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{m}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) m",
"name": "gu-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gujarati entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 1 4 1 4 0 35 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 24 1 3 1 6 0 36 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lisan ud-Dawat spelling of અબર (abar, “cloud”)"
],
"id": "en-ابر-gu-noun-loWKdINX",
"links": [
[
"અબર",
"અબર#Gujarati"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ابر",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abar"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms in Arabic script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 1 4 1 4 0 35 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 24 1 3 1 6 0 36 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Jawi spelling of abar."
],
"id": "en-ابر-ms-verb-aUvOi0bm",
"links": [
[
"abar",
"abar#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jawi",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abr-o-bâd",
"word": "ابر و باد"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abr-e čini",
"word": "ابر چینی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abr-sâzi",
"word": "ابرسازی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abrnâk",
"word": "ابرناک"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abrak",
"word": "ابرک"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "abri",
"word": "ابری"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "əbr"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abor",
"word": "আবর"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abr",
"word": "अब्र"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abr",
"word": "ابر"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"tr": "ʾbl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbl)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*abráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *abráh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*abʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥bʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अभ्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "imber"
},
"expansion": "Latin imber",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀφρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbl), [script needed] (ʾp̄l /abr/, “cloud”), from Proto-Iranian *abráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós.\nCognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra), Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra), Latin imber and Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ابرها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pl": "ابرها",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abr) (plural ابرها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fa-noun-VmgQELdT",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 85 3 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 81 3 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a branch of Persian miniature"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fa-noun-d267QL8d",
"links": [
[
"Persian",
"Persian"
],
[
"miniature",
"miniature"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sponge (a piece of porous material used for washing)"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fa-noun-StY8yJDs",
"links": [
[
"sponge",
"sponge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔabr/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.wuɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ ʔɔː.wuɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæbɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fa-ابر.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "over"
},
"expansion": "English over",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "English super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վեր (ver)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "über"
},
"expansion": "German über",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/) (whence also بر (bar)), from Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.\nCognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "preposition",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ابر (abar, “super”) + قدرت (qudrat /ġodrat, “power”) = ابرقدرت (abarqudrat /abarġodrat, “superpower”)"
},
{
"text": "ابر (abar, “super”) + نواختر (naw-axtar /now-axtar, “nova”) = ابرنواختر (abarnaw-axtar /abarnow-axtar, “supernova”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"super-, over- a prefix denoting superiority"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fa-prep-ckafCxJZ",
"links": [
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"over-",
"over-"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa.ˈbar/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæ.bæɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "over"
},
"expansion": "English over",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "English super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վեր (ver)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "über"
},
"expansion": "German über",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/) (whence also بر (bar)), from Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.\nCognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "preposition",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bar, “on”",
"word": "بر"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of بر (bar, “on”)"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fa-prep-DhTLLXnH",
"links": [
[
"بر",
"بر#Persian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa.ˈbar/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæ.bæɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fay",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر (abr)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر (abr)",
"name": "fay-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southwestern Fars",
"lang_code": "fay",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southwestern Fars entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 1 4 1 4 0 35 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 24 1 3 1 6 0 36 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"id": "en-ابر-fay-noun-VmgQELdT",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) cloud"
],
"tags": [
"Deh-Sarv",
"Kuzarg",
"Masarm"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "ابر",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian ابر (abr)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian ابر (abr).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अब्र",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"hi": "अब्र",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abr) m (Hindi spelling अब्र)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"id": "en-ابر-ur-noun-VmgQELdT",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "abrī",
"word": "ابری"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بادل"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "sa",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ابل (abal), from Sanskrit [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अबर",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "अबर",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) (Hindi spelling अबर)",
"name": "ur-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"weak"
],
"id": "en-ابر-ur-adj-SBukAZyd",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From اب (ab).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अबर",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "अबर",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) (Hindi spelling अबर)",
"name": "ur-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"id": "en-ابر-ur-adv-7V65o34t",
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "ab",
"translation": "ab",
"word": "اب"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"10": "{{{n}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{m}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) m",
"name": "gu-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gujarati entries with incorrect language header",
"Gujarati lemmas",
"Gujarati masculine nouns",
"Gujarati nouns",
"Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Lisan ud-Dawat spelling of અબર (abar, “cloud”)"
],
"links": [
[
"અબર",
"અબર#Gujarati"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ابر",
"name": "ms-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "abar"
}
],
"categories": [
"Malay alternative forms",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay terms in Arabic script",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Jawi spelling of abar."
],
"links": [
[
"abar",
"abar#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jawi",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian prepositions",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abr-o-bâd",
"word": "ابر و باد"
},
{
"roman": "abr-e čini",
"word": "ابر چینی"
},
{
"roman": "abr-sâzi",
"word": "ابرسازی"
},
{
"roman": "abrnâk",
"word": "ابرناک"
},
{
"roman": "abrak",
"word": "ابرک"
},
{
"roman": "abri",
"word": "ابری"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "əbr"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abor",
"word": "আবর"
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abr",
"word": "अब्र"
},
{
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "abr",
"word": "ابر"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa:"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"tr": "ʾbl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbl)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*abráh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *abráh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*abʰrás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥bʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अभ्र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "imber"
},
"expansion": "Latin imber",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀφρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾbl), [script needed] (ʾp̄l /abr/, “cloud”), from Proto-Iranian *abráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós.\nCognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra), Sanskrit अभ्र (abhra), Latin imber and Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ابرها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pl": "ابرها",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abr) (plural ابرها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a branch of Persian miniature"
],
"links": [
[
"Persian",
"Persian"
],
[
"miniature",
"miniature"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sponge (a piece of porous material used for washing)"
],
"links": [
[
"sponge",
"sponge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʔabr/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.wuɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ ʔɔː.wuɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæbɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäbɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fa-ابر.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Fa-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian prepositions",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "over"
},
"expansion": "English over",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "English super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վեր (ver)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "über"
},
"expansion": "German über",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/) (whence also بر (bar)), from Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.\nCognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "preposition",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ابر (abar, “super”) + قدرت (qudrat /ġodrat, “power”) = ابرقدرت (abarqudrat /abarġodrat, “superpower”)"
},
{
"text": "ابر (abar, “super”) + نواختر (naw-axtar /now-axtar, “nova”) = ابرنواختر (abarnaw-axtar /abarnow-axtar, “supernova”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"super-, over- a prefix denoting superiority"
],
"links": [
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"over-",
"over-"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa.ˈbar/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæ.bæɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian prepositions",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sort": "",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "ʾp̄l",
"ts": "abar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*upári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "over"
},
"expansion": "English over",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "English super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վեր (ver)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "über"
},
"expansion": "German über",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄l /abar/) (whence also بر (bar)), from Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.\nCognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "preposition",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bar, “on”",
"word": "بر"
}
],
"categories": [
"Persian obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of بر (bar, “on”)"
],
"links": [
[
"بر",
"بر#Persian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔa.ˈbar/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔæ.bæɹ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔä.bäɾ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fay",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر (abr)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر (abr)",
"name": "fay-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southwestern Fars",
"lang_code": "fay",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Southwestern Fars entries with incorrect language header",
"Southwestern Fars lemmas",
"Southwestern Fars nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) cloud"
],
"tags": [
"Deh-Sarv",
"Kuzarg",
"Masarm"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu adverbs",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu masculine nouns",
"Urdu nouns",
"Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "ابر",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Classical Persian ابر (abr)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian ابر (abr).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abr",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अब्र",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"hi": "अब्र",
"tr": "abr"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abr) m (Hindi spelling अब्र)",
"name": "ur-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "abrī",
"word": "ابری"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cloud"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "بادل"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu adjectives",
"Urdu adverbs",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas",
"Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "sa",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ابل (abal), from Sanskrit [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अबर",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "अबर",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) (Hindi spelling अबर)",
"name": "ur-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"weak"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Urdu adverbs",
"Urdu entries with incorrect language header",
"Urdu lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From اب (ab).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "अबर",
"tags": [
"Hindi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hi": "अबर",
"tr": "abar"
},
"expansion": "ابر • (abar) (Hindi spelling अबर)",
"name": "ur-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"now"
],
"links": [
[
"now",
"now"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "ab",
"translation": "ab",
"word": "اب"
}
],
"word": "ابر"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ابر meaning in All languages combined (15.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.