"хула" meaning in All languages combined

See хула on Wiktionary

Noun [Bulgarian]

IPA: [ˈxuɫɐ], [xoˈɫa]
Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *xula. Etymology templates: {{inh|bg|sla-pro|*xula}} Proto-Slavic *xula Head templates: {{bg-noun|ху́ла|f|head2=хула́}} ху́ла or хула́ • (húla or hulá) f Inflection templates: {{bg-ndecl|ху́ла<>}}, {{bg-ndecl|хула́<>}} Forms: ху́ла [canonical], хула́ [canonical], húla [romanization], hulá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], ху́ла [indefinite, singular], ху́ли [indefinite, plural], ху́лата [definite, singular], ху́лите [definite, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], хула́ [indefinite, singular], хули́ [indefinite, plural], хула́та [definite, singular], хули́те [definite, plural]
  1. verbal offence, accusation, taunt Synonyms: обвине́ние, напа́дка, у́кор, у́прек
    Sense id: en-хула-bg-noun-XbC40Elh Categories (other): Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header: 55 45
  2. (by extension) insult, slander, defamation Tags: broadly Synonyms: оби́да, клевета́, ковла́да [dialectal] Derived forms (ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)): хули́тел (hulítel), ху́лник (húlnik) [agent, noun], присмеху́лник (prismehúlnik) (english: mockingbird)
    Sense id: en-хула-bg-noun-lKjNrEvH Categories (other): Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header: 55 45 Disambiguation of 'ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)': 16 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: богоху́лство (bogohúlstvo) (english: sacrilege) Related terms: ху́кам (húkam) (english: to boo), ху́дя (húdja) (english: to scold, to rebuke) [dialectal]

Noun [Chuvash]

IPA: /χuˈla/ Forms: hula [romanization], хуласем [plural]
Etymology: Related to Turkish kale, ultimately from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa). Etymology templates: {{cog|tr|kale}} Turkish kale, {{der|cv|ar|قَلْعَة}} Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa) Head templates: {{head|cv|noun|plural|хуласем|head=|tr=}} хула • (hula) (plural хуласем), {{cv-noun}} хула • (hula) (plural хуласем)
  1. town, city
    Sense id: en-хула-cv-noun-ZCEWfNGR Categories (other): Chuvash entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Evenki]

Forms: hula [romanization]
Etymology: From Proto-Tungusic *pule, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha), Nanai поло (polo). Etymology templates: {{inh|evn|tuw-pro|*pule}} Proto-Tungusic *pule, {{cog|mnc|ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ}} Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha), {{cog|gld|поло|tr=polo}} Nanai поло (polo) Head templates: {{head|evn|noun}} хула • (hula)
  1. aspen Categories (lifeform): Trees

Noun [Macedonian]

IPA: [ˈxuɫa]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|mk|sla-pro|*xula|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *xula, {{inh+|mk|sla-pro|*xula}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula Head templates: {{mk-noun|f}} хула • (hula) f Inflection templates: {{mk-decl-noun-f|хул}}, {{mk-decl-noun-table|col_pl=|col_pl2=|col_sg=хулје|col_sg2=|def_dist_pl=хулине|def_dist_sg=хулана|def_prox_pl=хуливе|def_prox_sg=хулава|def_unsp_pl=хулите|def_unsp_sg=хулата|ind_pl=хули|ind_sg=хула|n=|voc_pl=хули|voc_sg=хуло}} Forms: hula [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], хула [indefinite, singular], хули [indefinite, plural], хулата [definite, singular, unspecified], хулите [definite, plural, unspecified], хулава [definite, proximal, singular], хуливе [definite, plural, proximal], хулана [definite, distal, singular], хулине [definite, distal, plural], хуло [singular, vocative], хули [plural, vocative]
  1. (literary) sacrilege Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-хула-mk-noun-jvM4-NVr Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Russian]

IPA: [xʊˈɫa]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*xula|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *xula, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*xula}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula Head templates: {{ru-noun+|хула́}} хула́ • (xulá) f inan (genitive хулы́, nominative plural хулы́, genitive plural хул) Forms: хула́ [canonical], xulá [romanization], хулы́ [genitive], хулы́ [nominative, plural], хул [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], хула́ [nominative, singular], хулы́ [nominative, plural], хулы́ [genitive, singular], ху́л [genitive, plural], хуле́ [dative, singular], хула́м [dative, plural], хулу́ [accusative, singular], хулы́ [accusative, plural], хуло́й [instrumental, singular], хуло́ю [instrumental, singular], хула́ми [instrumental, plural], хуле́ [prepositional, singular], хула́х [plural, prepositional]
  1. (dated, literary) animadversion, reviling, abuse Tags: dated, literary Related terms: хули́ть (xulítʹ)

Download JSON data for хула meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sacrilege",
      "roman": "bogohúlstvo",
      "word": "богоху́лство"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ху́ла",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "húla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hulá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́ла",
      "roman": "húla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́ли",
      "roman": "húli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́лата",
      "roman": "húlata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́лите",
      "roman": "húlite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "roman": "hulá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули́",
      "roman": "hulí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́та",
      "roman": "huláta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули́те",
      "roman": "hulíte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ху́ла",
        "2": "f",
        "head2": "хула́"
      },
      "expansion": "ху́ла or хула́ • (húla or hulá) f",
      "name": "bg-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ху́ла<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хула́<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to boo",
      "roman": "húkam",
      "word": "ху́кам"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to scold, to rebuke",
      "roman": "húdja",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ху́дя"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "verbal offence, accusation, taunt"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-bg-noun-XbC40Elh",
      "links": [
        [
          "offence",
          "offence"
        ],
        [
          "accusation",
          "accusation"
        ],
        [
          "taunt",
          "taunt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "обвине́ние"
        },
        {
          "word": "напа́дка"
        },
        {
          "word": "у́кор"
        },
        {
          "word": "у́прек"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "roman": "hulítel",
          "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
          "word": "хули́тел"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "roman": "húlnik",
          "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
          "tags": [
            "agent",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "ху́лник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "english": "mockingbird",
          "roman": "prismehúlnik",
          "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
          "word": "присмеху́лник"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "insult, slander, defamation"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-bg-noun-lKjNrEvH",
      "links": [
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "defamation",
          "defamation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) insult, slander, defamation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "оби́да"
        },
        {
          "word": "клевета́"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковла́да"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxuɫɐ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xoˈɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "kale"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish kale",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "قَلْعَة"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Turkish kale, ultimately from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуласем",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "хуласем",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) (plural хуласем)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) (plural хуласем)",
      "name": "cv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-cv-noun-ZCEWfNGR",
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/χuˈla/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "evn",
        "2": "tuw-pro",
        "3": "*pule"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *pule",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnc",
        "2": "ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gld",
        "2": "поло",
        "tr": "polo"
      },
      "expansion": "Nanai поло (polo)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Tungusic *pule, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha), Nanai поло (polo).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "evn",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Evenki",
  "lang_code": "evn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Evenki entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Evenki entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Nanai terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "evn",
          "name": "Trees",
          "orig": "evn:Trees",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "aspen"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-evn-noun-JPp0EHEH",
      "links": [
        [
          "aspen",
          "aspen"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулата",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулите",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулава",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуливе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулана",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулине",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) f",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ху‧ла"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хул"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "хулје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "def_dist_pl": "хулине",
        "def_dist_sg": "хулана",
        "def_prox_pl": "хуливе",
        "def_prox_sg": "хулава",
        "def_unsp_pl": "хулите",
        "def_unsp_sg": "хулата",
        "ind_pl": "хули",
        "ind_sg": "хула",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "хули",
        "voc_sg": "хуло"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sacrilege"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-mk-noun-jvM4-NVr",
      "links": [
        [
          "sacrilege",
          "sacrilege"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) sacrilege"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxuɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xulá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хул",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "roman": "xulá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́л",
      "roman": "xúl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуле́",
      "roman": "xulé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́м",
      "roman": "xulám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулу́",
      "roman": "xulú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло́й",
      "roman": "xulój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло́ю",
      "roman": "xulóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́ми",
      "roman": "xulámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуле́",
      "roman": "xulé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́х",
      "roman": "xuláx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хула́"
      },
      "expansion": "хула́ • (xulá) f inan (genitive хулы́, nominative plural хулы́, genitive plural хул)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "animadversion, reviling, abuse"
      ],
      "id": "en-хула-ru-noun-rkWdb~wv",
      "links": [
        [
          "animadversion",
          "animadversion"
        ],
        [
          "reviling",
          "reviling"
        ],
        [
          "abuse",
          "abuse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, literary) animadversion, reviling, abuse"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "xulítʹ",
          "word": "хули́ть"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʊˈɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Bulgarian feminine nouns",
    "Bulgarian lemmas",
    "Bulgarian nouns",
    "Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "hulítel",
      "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
      "word": "хули́тел"
    },
    {
      "roman": "húlnik",
      "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
      "tags": [
        "agent",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ху́лник"
    },
    {
      "english": "mockingbird",
      "roman": "prismehúlnik",
      "sense": "ху́ля (húlja, “to offend, to insult”)",
      "word": "присмеху́лник"
    },
    {
      "english": "sacrilege",
      "roman": "bogohúlstvo",
      "word": "богоху́лство"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ху́ла",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "húla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hulá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́ла",
      "roman": "húla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́ли",
      "roman": "húli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́лата",
      "roman": "húlata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́лите",
      "roman": "húlite",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bg-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "roman": "hulá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули́",
      "roman": "hulí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́та",
      "roman": "huláta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули́те",
      "roman": "hulíte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ху́ла",
        "2": "f",
        "head2": "хула́"
      },
      "expansion": "ху́ла or хула́ • (húla or hulá) f",
      "name": "bg-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ху́ла<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хула́<>"
      },
      "name": "bg-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bulgarian",
  "lang_code": "bg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to boo",
      "roman": "húkam",
      "word": "ху́кам"
    },
    {
      "english": "to scold, to rebuke",
      "roman": "húdja",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ху́дя"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "verbal offence, accusation, taunt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "offence",
          "offence"
        ],
        [
          "accusation",
          "accusation"
        ],
        [
          "taunt",
          "taunt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "обвине́ние"
        },
        {
          "word": "напа́дка"
        },
        {
          "word": "у́кор"
        },
        {
          "word": "у́прек"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "insult, slander, defamation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "defamation",
          "defamation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) insult, slander, defamation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "оби́да"
        },
        {
          "word": "клевета́"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковла́да"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxuɫɐ]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xoˈɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "kale"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish kale",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "قَلْعَة"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Turkish kale, ultimately from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуласем",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "хуласем",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) (plural хуласем)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) (plural хуласем)",
      "name": "cv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chuvash lemmas",
        "Chuvash nouns",
        "Chuvash terms derived from Arabic",
        "Chuvash terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "town, city"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/χuˈla/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "evn",
        "2": "tuw-pro",
        "3": "*pule"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *pule",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnc",
        "2": "ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gld",
        "2": "поло",
        "tr": "polo"
      },
      "expansion": "Nanai поло (polo)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Tungusic *pule, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡥᠠ (fulha), Nanai поло (polo).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "evn",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Evenki",
  "lang_code": "evn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Evenki entries with incorrect language header",
        "Evenki entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Evenki lemmas",
        "Evenki nouns",
        "Evenki terms derived from Proto-Tungusic",
        "Evenki terms inherited from Proto-Tungusic",
        "Nanai terms with redundant transliterations",
        "evn:Trees"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "aspen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aspen",
          "aspen"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hula",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулата",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "singular",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулите",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "unspecified"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулава",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "proximal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуливе",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "proximal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулана",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулине",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "distal",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хули",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "хула • (hula) f",
      "name": "mk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ху‧ла"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хул"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "col_pl": "",
        "col_pl2": "",
        "col_sg": "хулје",
        "col_sg2": "",
        "def_dist_pl": "хулине",
        "def_dist_sg": "хулана",
        "def_prox_pl": "хуливе",
        "def_prox_sg": "хулава",
        "def_unsp_pl": "хулите",
        "def_unsp_sg": "хулата",
        "ind_pl": "хули",
        "ind_sg": "хула",
        "n": "",
        "voc_pl": "хули",
        "voc_sg": "хуло"
      },
      "name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian 2-syllable words",
        "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Macedonian feminine nouns",
        "Macedonian lemmas",
        "Macedonian literary terms",
        "Macedonian nouns",
        "Macedonian paroxytone terms",
        "Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sacrilege"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sacrilege",
          "sacrilege"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) sacrilege"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxuɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xula"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xulá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хул",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́",
      "roman": "xulá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ху́л",
      "roman": "xúl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуле́",
      "roman": "xulé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́м",
      "roman": "xulám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулу́",
      "roman": "xulú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хулы́",
      "roman": "xulý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло́й",
      "roman": "xulój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуло́ю",
      "roman": "xulóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́ми",
      "roman": "xulámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хуле́",
      "roman": "xulé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "хула́х",
      "roman": "xuláx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "хула́"
      },
      "expansion": "хула́ • (xulá) f inan (genitive хулы́, nominative plural хулы́, genitive plural хул)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "xulítʹ",
      "word": "хули́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian 2-syllable words",
        "Russian dated terms",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian feminine nouns",
        "Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-b nouns",
        "Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
        "Russian inanimate nouns",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Russian literary terms",
        "Russian nouns",
        "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "animadversion, reviling, abuse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "animadversion",
          "animadversion"
        ],
        [
          "reviling",
          "reviling"
        ],
        [
          "abuse",
          "abuse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, literary) animadversion, reviling, abuse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xʊˈɫa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "хула"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.