See лес on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for лес meaning in All languages combined (30.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ljes",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лясо́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "ljes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"roman": "ljasý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "ljésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясо́ў",
"roman": "ljasóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "ljésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́м",
"roman": "ljasám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "ljes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"roman": "ljasý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сам",
"roman": "ljésam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́мі",
"roman": "ljasámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́се",
"roman": "ljésje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́х",
"roman": "ljasáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сы",
"roman": "ljésy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<c.genu>"
},
"expansion": "лес • (ljes) m inan (genitive ле́су, nominative plural лясы́, genitive plural лясо́ў)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<c.genu>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belarusian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "be",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "be:Nature",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"id": "en-лес-be-noun-v7iamZfT",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʲes]"
},
{
"audio": "Be-лес.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "hedge, forest",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "hedge, forest"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "les",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "les",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́",
"roman": "lesové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесъ́т",
"roman": "lesǎ́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́те",
"roman": "lesovéte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́те",
"roman": "lesovéte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"roman": "lésa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес",
"2": "m",
"adj": "ле́сов",
"dim": "лесо́к"
},
"expansion": "лес • (les) m (relational adjective ле́сов, diminutive лесо́к)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<b>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "bg:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "forest; highland",
"roman": "gorá",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "гора́"
},
{
"english": "forest; Turkish borrowing",
"roman": "ormán",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "орма́н"
},
{
"english": "deciduous forest",
"roman": "dǎbráva",
"word": "дъбра́ва"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "gǎstalák",
"word": "гъстала́к"
},
{
"english": "young forest, grove",
"roman": "šumák",
"word": "шума́к"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "šubrák",
"word": "шубра́к"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "dribák",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "дриба́к"
},
{
"english": "grove, small forest",
"roman": "drezgá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "дрезга́"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "afforester",
"roman": "zalesítel",
"sense": "залеся́ pf (zalesjá), залеся́вам impf (zalesjávam, “to afforest”) (causative-iterative)",
"tags": [
"agent"
],
"word": "залеси́тел"
},
{
"english": "deforester",
"roman": "obezlesítel",
"sense": "обезлеся́ pf (obezlesjá), обезлеся́вам impf (obezlesjávam, “to deforest”) (iterative)",
"tags": [
"agent"
],
"word": "обезлеси́тел"
},
{
"roman": "lésnik",
"word": "ле́сник"
},
{
"english": "forest dweller",
"roman": "lešánin",
"word": "леша́нин"
},
{
"roman": "Lesovo",
"word": "Лесово"
},
{
"roman": "Lešani",
"word": "Лешани"
},
{
"roman": "toponyms",
"word": "Лесеница"
},
{
"roman": "lesničéjstvo",
"sense": "лeсничéй (lesničéj, “ranger, forester”)",
"word": "лесниче́йство"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "virgin/untilled forests",
"roman": "dévstveni lesové",
"text": "де́вствени лесове́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a large and centuries-old forest"
],
"id": "en-лес-bg-noun-EgpfEOno",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) a large and centuries-old forest"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "lesá",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "леса́"
},
{
"english": "hedge",
"roman": "lesíca",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "леси́ца"
},
{
"english": "hazel; probably",
"roman": "leská",
"word": "леска́"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɛs]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-лес.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovój",
"word": "лесово́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "léšij",
"word": "ле́ший"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesístyj",
"word": "леси́стый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesók",
"word": "лесо́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lésom",
"word": "ле́сом"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesník",
"word": "лесни́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesníčij",
"word": "лесни́чий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesníčestvo",
"word": "лесни́чество"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesnína",
"word": "лесни́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bezlesʹje",
"word": "безлесье"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovód",
"word": "лесово́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovódčeskij",
"word": "лесово́дческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovódstvo",
"word": "лесово́дство"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovódstvennyj",
"word": "лесово́дственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovóz",
"word": "лесово́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovozvraščénije",
"word": "лесовозвраще́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesovozobnovlénije",
"word": "лесовозобновле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesozavód",
"word": "лесозаво́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesozagotóvka",
"word": "лесозагото́вка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesozagotovítelʹnyj",
"word": "лесозаготови́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesozaščíta",
"word": "лесозащи́та"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesozaščítnyj",
"word": "лесозащи́тный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoinženérnyj",
"word": "лесоинжене́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesokátka",
"word": "лесока́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesomateriál",
"word": "лесоматериа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesomeliorácija",
"word": "лесомелиора́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesomelioratívnyj",
"word": "лесомелиорати́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesonasaždénije",
"word": "лесонасажде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoobrabátyvajuščij",
"word": "лесообраба́тывающий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesooxranénije",
"word": "лесоохране́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopárk",
"word": "лесопа́рк"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopílka",
"word": "лесопи́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopílʹnja",
"word": "лесопи́льня"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopílʹnyj",
"word": "лесопи́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopitómnik",
"word": "лесопито́мник"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoposádki",
"word": "лесопоса́дки"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoposádočnyj",
"word": "лесопоса́дочный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesopromýšlennik",
"word": "лесопромы́шленник"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesorazrabótka",
"word": "лесоразрабо́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesorúb",
"word": "лесору́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoséka",
"word": "лесосе́ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesospláv",
"word": "лесоспла́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesospúsk",
"word": "лесоспу́ск"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesostépʹ",
"word": "лесосте́пь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesostepnój",
"word": "лесостепно́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesosušílka",
"word": "лесосуши́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesotáska",
"word": "лесота́ска"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesotexníčeskij",
"word": "лесотехни́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesotúndra",
"word": "лесоту́ндра"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesotúndrovyj",
"word": "лесоту́ндровый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoustrójstvo",
"word": "лесоустро́йство"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoxímija",
"word": "лесохи́мия"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoximíčeskij",
"word": "лесохими́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesoéksport",
"word": "лесоэ́кспорт"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lesxóz",
"word": "лесхо́з"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "лѣсъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "лѣсъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "les",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесно́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесово́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́с",
"roman": "lés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"roman": "lésa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́в",
"roman": "lesóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "lésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́м",
"roman": "lesám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́с",
"roman": "lés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сом",
"roman": "lésom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́ми",
"roman": "lesámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́се",
"roman": "lése",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́х",
"roman": "lesáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу́",
"roman": "lesú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "лесно́й",
"adj2": "лесово́й",
"dim": "лесо́к",
"loc": "+"
},
"expansion": "лес • (les) m inan (genitive ле́са, nominative plural леса́, genitive plural лесо́в, relational adjective лесно́й or лесово́й, diminutive лесо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dérevo",
"word": "де́рево"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 29 26 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 34 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with locative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 18 14 20",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "ru:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "woodland, forests",
"roman": "lesá",
"text": "леса́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "virgin forest, primeval forest",
"roman": "dévstvennyj les",
"text": "де́вственный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "запове́дный лес (zapovédnyj les) means",
"text": "запове́дник ― zapovédnik ― protection forest\nта́йный лес, свяще́нный лес, бо́жий лес (poetic) ― tájnyj les, svjaščénnyj les, bóžij les ― sacred forest, a forest that nobody may enter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "ship timber",
"roman": "korabélʹnyj les",
"text": "корабе́льный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "leaf-bearing forest",
"roman": "lístvennyj les",
"text": "ли́ственный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mixed forest",
"roman": "sméšannyj les",
"text": "сме́шанный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "тропи́ческий лес ― tropíčeskij les ― rainforest",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coniferous forest",
"roman": "xvójnyj les",
"text": "хво́йный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thicket, the depths of forest",
"roman": "čášča lesa",
"text": "ча́ща леса",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "murmur of the forest",
"roman": "šum lesa",
"text": "шум леса",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at sea, lost, disoriented",
"roman": "kak v lesú",
"text": "как в лесу́ (saying)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(to be) at sixes and sevens (literally, “some go to the forest, some go for firewood”)",
"roman": "kto v les, kto po drová",
"text": "кто в лес, кто по дрова́ (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "лес ру́бят — ще́пки летя́т (proverb) ― les rúbjat — ščépki letját ― you can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs (literally, “when cutting trees, chips fly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(для него́) э́то тёмный лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto tjómnyj les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(для него́) э́то дрему́чий лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto dremúčij les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(literally, “in the forest people become wild, and become people among people”)",
"roman": "v lesú ljúdi lesejut, a v ljúdjax ljudejut",
"text": "в лесу́ лю́ди лесеют, а в лю́дях людеют (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(literally, “the man who owns a forest, also owns a stump”)",
"roman": "čej les, tovó i penʹ",
"text": "чей лес, того́ и пень (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "people are not equal (literally, “God doesn’t even make the forest equal”)",
"roman": "Box i lésu ne sravnjál",
"text": "Бог и ле́су не сравня́л (saying)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "bereznják",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "березня́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "bor",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "бор"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "dubráva",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "дубра́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "jélʹnik",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "е́льник"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "púšča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "пу́ща"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "róšča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "ро́ща"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "tajgá",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "тайга́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "čášča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "ча́ща"
}
],
"id": "en-лес-ru-noun-ru:forest",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
],
"meronyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"roman": "opúška",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "опу́шка"
}
],
"senseid": [
"ru:forest"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 29 26 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 34 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with locative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "timber float",
"roman": "lés v plotáx",
"text": "ле́с в плота́х",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "standing timber",
"roman": "lés na kornjú",
"text": "ле́с на корню́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lumber, timber"
],
"id": "en-лес-ru-noun-3--cb4jj",
"links": [
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"timber",
"timber"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only singular) lumber, timber"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 29 26 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 34 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with locative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "scaffolding, scaffold trestle",
"roman": "lesá",
"text": "леса́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"леса́ scaffolding, scaffold trestle, falsework"
],
"id": "en-лес-ru-noun-WJDzjTyn",
"links": [
[
"scaffolding",
"scaffolding"
],
[
"scaffold",
"scaffold"
],
[
"trestle",
"trestle"
],
[
"falsework",
"falsework"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only plural) леса́ scaffolding, scaffold trestle, falsework"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 20 26 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 16 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 19 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 29 26 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 34 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with locative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a forest of hands (in school if nobody wants to answer the teacher’s question, it's used sarcastically, when nobody actually raises a hand, there is no \"forest of hands\", not a single \"tree\", i.e. hand)",
"roman": "les ruk",
"text": "лес рук",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a large number of ships",
"roman": "les mačt",
"text": "лес мачт",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "forest of bayonets",
"roman": "les štykóv",
"text": "лес штыко́в",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"much, many, a lot of smth. (especially high, eminent)"
],
"id": "en-лес-ru-noun-DDwApgBc",
"links": [
[
"much",
"much"
],
[
"many",
"many"
],
[
"a lot of",
"a lot of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) much, many, a lot of smth. (especially high, eminent)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʲes]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-es"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-лес.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lěs",
"word": "лѣсъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "tree, forest",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "tree, forest"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lȇs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "леса",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́со̄ва̄",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесе",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "лесови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ле̑с"
},
"expansion": "ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ле̑с",
"10": "лесови",
"11": "лесу",
"12": "лесовима",
"13": "лесом",
"14": "лесовима",
"2": "ле́сови",
"3": "леса",
"4": "ле́со̄ва̄",
"5": "лесу",
"6": "лесовима",
"7": "лес",
"8": "лесове",
"9": "лесе"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 37 32",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "sh:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 16 1 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "sh:Burial",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Society",
"Body",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coffin"
],
"id": "en-лес-sh-noun-4iZlytaB",
"links": [
[
"coffin",
"coffin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 37 32",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "sh:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 67 3 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Building materials",
"orig": "sh:Building materials",
"parents": [
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Manufacturing",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Human activity",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lumber"
],
"id": "en-лес-sh-noun-tipRpF98",
"links": [
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
]
],
"qualifier": "regionally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regionally) lumber"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 37 32",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "sh:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"id": "en-лес-sh-noun-v7iamZfT",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
],
"qualifier": "regionally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regionally) forest, woods"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lêːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ijekavian"
],
"word": "лије̑с"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Löss"
},
"expansion": "German Löss",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Löss.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lȇs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ле̑с"
},
"expansion": "ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "sh:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 4 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 37 32",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "sh:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"loess"
],
"id": "en-лес-sh-noun-zggjGe6C",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"loess",
"loess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) loess"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lêːs/"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"categories": [
"sh:Building materials",
"sh:Burial",
"sh:Forests"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ljes",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лясо́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "ljes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"roman": "ljasý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "ljésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясо́ў",
"roman": "ljasóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "ljésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́м",
"roman": "ljasám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "ljes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лясы́",
"roman": "ljasý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сам",
"roman": "ljésam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́мі",
"roman": "ljasámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́се",
"roman": "ljésje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ляса́х",
"roman": "ljasáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сы",
"roman": "ljésy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<c.genu>"
},
"expansion": "лес • (ljes) m inan (genitive ле́су, nominative plural лясы́, genitive plural лясо́ў)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<c.genu>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
"Belarusian hard masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Belarusian hard masculine-form nouns",
"Belarusian inanimate nouns",
"Belarusian lemmas",
"Belarusian masculine nouns",
"Belarusian nouns",
"Belarusian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Belarusian terms with audio links",
"Belarusian terms with redundant head parameter",
"be:Nature"
],
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʲes]"
},
{
"audio": "Be-лес.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Be-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"categories": [
"sh:Building materials",
"sh:Burial",
"sh:Forests"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "forest; highland",
"roman": "gorá",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "гора́"
},
{
"english": "forest; Turkish borrowing",
"roman": "ormán",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "орма́н"
},
{
"english": "deciduous forest",
"roman": "dǎbráva",
"word": "дъбра́ва"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "gǎstalák",
"word": "гъстала́к"
},
{
"english": "young forest, grove",
"roman": "šumák",
"word": "шума́к"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "šubrák",
"word": "шубра́к"
},
{
"english": "thicket",
"roman": "dribák",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "дриба́к"
},
{
"english": "grove, small forest",
"roman": "drezgá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "дрезга́"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "afforester",
"roman": "zalesítel",
"sense": "залеся́ pf (zalesjá), залеся́вам impf (zalesjávam, “to afforest”) (causative-iterative)",
"tags": [
"agent"
],
"word": "залеси́тел"
},
{
"english": "deforester",
"roman": "obezlesítel",
"sense": "обезлеся́ pf (obezlesjá), обезлеся́вам impf (obezlesjávam, “to deforest”) (iterative)",
"tags": [
"agent"
],
"word": "обезлеси́тел"
},
{
"roman": "lésnik",
"word": "ле́сник"
},
{
"english": "forest dweller",
"roman": "lešánin",
"word": "леша́нин"
},
{
"roman": "lesničéjstvo",
"sense": "лeсничéй (lesničéj, “ranger, forester”)",
"word": "лесниче́йство"
},
{
"roman": "Lesovo",
"word": "Лесово"
},
{
"roman": "Lešani",
"word": "Лешани"
},
{
"roman": "toponyms",
"word": "Лесеница"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "hedge, forest",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "hedge, forest"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“hedge, forest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "les",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"roman": "les",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́",
"roman": "lesové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесъ́т",
"roman": "lesǎ́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́те",
"roman": "lesovéte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове́те",
"roman": "lesovéte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"roman": "lésa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес",
"2": "m",
"adj": "ле́сов",
"dim": "лесо́к"
},
"expansion": "лес • (les) m (relational adjective ле́сов, diminutive лесо́к)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "лес<b>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "lesá",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "леса́"
},
{
"english": "hedge",
"roman": "lesíca",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "леси́ца"
},
{
"english": "hazel; probably",
"roman": "leská",
"word": "леска́"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian literary terms",
"Bulgarian masculine nouns",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links",
"Bulgarian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"bg:Forests"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "virgin/untilled forests",
"roman": "dévstveni lesové",
"text": "де́вствени лесове́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a large and centuries-old forest"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) a large and centuries-old forest"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lɛs]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-лес.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Russian/es",
"Rhymes:Russian/es/1 syllable",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian nouns with locative singular",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"ru:Forests",
"sh:Building materials",
"sh:Burial",
"sh:Forests"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "lesovój",
"word": "лесово́й"
},
{
"roman": "léšij",
"word": "ле́ший"
},
{
"roman": "lesístyj",
"word": "леси́стый"
},
{
"roman": "lesók",
"word": "лесо́к"
},
{
"roman": "lésom",
"word": "ле́сом"
},
{
"roman": "lesník",
"word": "лесни́к"
},
{
"roman": "lesníčij",
"word": "лесни́чий"
},
{
"roman": "lesníčestvo",
"word": "лесни́чество"
},
{
"roman": "lesnína",
"word": "лесни́на"
},
{
"roman": "bezlesʹje",
"word": "безлесье"
},
{
"roman": "lesovód",
"word": "лесово́д"
},
{
"roman": "lesovódčeskij",
"word": "лесово́дческий"
},
{
"roman": "lesovódstvo",
"word": "лесово́дство"
},
{
"roman": "lesovódstvennyj",
"word": "лесово́дственный"
},
{
"roman": "lesovóz",
"word": "лесово́з"
},
{
"roman": "lesovozvraščénije",
"word": "лесовозвраще́ние"
},
{
"roman": "lesovozobnovlénije",
"word": "лесовозобновле́ние"
},
{
"roman": "lesozavód",
"word": "лесозаво́д"
},
{
"roman": "lesozagotóvka",
"word": "лесозагото́вка"
},
{
"roman": "lesozagotovítelʹnyj",
"word": "лесозаготови́тельный"
},
{
"roman": "lesozaščíta",
"word": "лесозащи́та"
},
{
"roman": "lesozaščítnyj",
"word": "лесозащи́тный"
},
{
"roman": "lesoinženérnyj",
"word": "лесоинжене́рный"
},
{
"roman": "lesokátka",
"word": "лесока́тка"
},
{
"roman": "lesomateriál",
"word": "лесоматериа́л"
},
{
"roman": "lesomeliorácija",
"word": "лесомелиора́ция"
},
{
"roman": "lesomelioratívnyj",
"word": "лесомелиорати́вный"
},
{
"roman": "lesonasaždénije",
"word": "лесонасажде́ние"
},
{
"roman": "lesoobrabátyvajuščij",
"word": "лесообраба́тывающий"
},
{
"roman": "lesooxranénije",
"word": "лесоохране́ние"
},
{
"roman": "lesopárk",
"word": "лесопа́рк"
},
{
"roman": "lesopílka",
"word": "лесопи́лка"
},
{
"roman": "lesopílʹnja",
"word": "лесопи́льня"
},
{
"roman": "lesopílʹnyj",
"word": "лесопи́льный"
},
{
"roman": "lesopitómnik",
"word": "лесопито́мник"
},
{
"roman": "lesoposádki",
"word": "лесопоса́дки"
},
{
"roman": "lesoposádočnyj",
"word": "лесопоса́дочный"
},
{
"roman": "lesopromýšlennik",
"word": "лесопромы́шленник"
},
{
"roman": "lesorazrabótka",
"word": "лесоразрабо́тка"
},
{
"roman": "lesorúb",
"word": "лесору́б"
},
{
"roman": "lesoséka",
"word": "лесосе́ка"
},
{
"roman": "lesospláv",
"word": "лесоспла́в"
},
{
"roman": "lesospúsk",
"word": "лесоспу́ск"
},
{
"roman": "lesostépʹ",
"word": "лесосте́пь"
},
{
"roman": "lesostepnój",
"word": "лесостепно́й"
},
{
"roman": "lesosušílka",
"word": "лесосуши́лка"
},
{
"roman": "lesotáska",
"word": "лесота́ска"
},
{
"roman": "lesotexníčeskij",
"word": "лесотехни́ческий"
},
{
"roman": "lesotúndra",
"word": "лесоту́ндра"
},
{
"roman": "lesotúndrovyj",
"word": "лесоту́ндровый"
},
{
"roman": "lesoustrójstvo",
"word": "лесоустро́йство"
},
{
"roman": "lesoxímija",
"word": "лесохи́мия"
},
{
"roman": "lesoximíčeskij",
"word": "лесохими́ческий"
},
{
"roman": "lesoéksport",
"word": "лесоэ́кспорт"
},
{
"roman": "lesxóz",
"word": "лесхо́з"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "orv",
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ)",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ"
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"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic лѣсъ (lěsŭ), from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "les",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесно́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесово́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́с",
"roman": "lés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́са",
"roman": "lésa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесо́в",
"roman": "lesóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́су",
"roman": "lésu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́м",
"roman": "lesám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́с",
"roman": "lés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́",
"roman": "lesá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сом",
"roman": "lésom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́ми",
"roman": "lesámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́се",
"roman": "lése",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "леса́х",
"roman": "lesáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу́",
"roman": "lesú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"adj": "лесно́й",
"adj2": "лесово́й",
"dim": "лесо́к",
"loc": "+"
},
"expansion": "лес • (les) m inan (genitive ле́са, nominative plural леса́, genitive plural лесо́в, relational adjective лесно́й or лесово́й, diminutive лесо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"roman": "bereznják",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "березня́к"
},
{
"roman": "bor",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "бор"
},
{
"roman": "dubráva",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "дубра́ва"
},
{
"roman": "jélʹnik",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "е́льник"
},
{
"roman": "púšča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "пу́ща"
},
{
"roman": "róšča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "ро́ща"
},
{
"roman": "tajgá",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "тайга́"
},
{
"roman": "čášča",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "ча́ща"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"meronyms": [
{
"roman": "opúška",
"sense": "forest",
"word": "опу́шка"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dérevo",
"word": "де́рево"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Russian usage examples",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "woodland, forests",
"roman": "lesá",
"text": "леса́",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "virgin forest, primeval forest",
"roman": "dévstvennyj les",
"text": "де́вственный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "запове́дный лес (zapovédnyj les) means",
"text": "запове́дник ― zapovédnik ― protection forest\nта́йный лес, свяще́нный лес, бо́жий лес (poetic) ― tájnyj les, svjaščénnyj les, bóžij les ― sacred forest, a forest that nobody may enter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "ship timber",
"roman": "korabélʹnyj les",
"text": "корабе́льный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "leaf-bearing forest",
"roman": "lístvennyj les",
"text": "ли́ственный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mixed forest",
"roman": "sméšannyj les",
"text": "сме́шанный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "тропи́ческий лес ― tropíčeskij les ― rainforest",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coniferous forest",
"roman": "xvójnyj les",
"text": "хво́йный лес",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thicket, the depths of forest",
"roman": "čášča lesa",
"text": "ча́ща леса",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "murmur of the forest",
"roman": "šum lesa",
"text": "шум леса",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at sea, lost, disoriented",
"roman": "kak v lesú",
"text": "как в лесу́ (saying)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(to be) at sixes and sevens (literally, “some go to the forest, some go for firewood”)",
"roman": "kto v les, kto po drová",
"text": "кто в лес, кто по дрова́ (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "лес ру́бят — ще́пки летя́т (proverb) ― les rúbjat — ščépki letját ― you can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs (literally, “when cutting trees, chips fly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(для него́) э́то тёмный лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto tjómnyj les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "(для него́) э́то дрему́чий лес (saying, figuratively) ― (dlja nevó) éto dremúčij les ― it is all Greek (to him), (he is) completely in the dark about it (literally, “this is the dark forest for him”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(literally, “in the forest people become wild, and become people among people”)",
"roman": "v lesú ljúdi lesejut, a v ljúdjax ljudejut",
"text": "в лесу́ лю́ди лесеют, а в лю́дях людеют (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(literally, “the man who owns a forest, also owns a stump”)",
"roman": "čej les, tovó i penʹ",
"text": "чей лес, того́ и пень (proverb)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "people are not equal (literally, “God doesn’t even make the forest equal”)",
"roman": "Box i lésu ne sravnjál",
"text": "Бог и ле́су не сравня́л (saying)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ru:forest"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "timber float",
"roman": "lés v plotáx",
"text": "ле́с в плота́х",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "standing timber",
"roman": "lés na kornjú",
"text": "ле́с на корню́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lumber, timber"
],
"links": [
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"timber",
"timber"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only singular) lumber, timber"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "scaffolding, scaffold trestle",
"roman": "lesá",
"text": "леса́",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"леса́ scaffolding, scaffold trestle, falsework"
],
"links": [
[
"scaffolding",
"scaffolding"
],
[
"scaffold",
"scaffold"
],
[
"trestle",
"trestle"
],
[
"falsework",
"falsework"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only plural) леса́ scaffolding, scaffold trestle, falsework"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a forest of hands (in school if nobody wants to answer the teacher’s question, it's used sarcastically, when nobody actually raises a hand, there is no \"forest of hands\", not a single \"tree\", i.e. hand)",
"roman": "les ruk",
"text": "лес рук",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a large number of ships",
"roman": "les mačt",
"text": "лес мачт",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "forest of bayonets",
"roman": "les štykóv",
"text": "лес штыко́в",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"much, many, a lot of smth. (especially high, eminent)"
],
"links": [
[
"much",
"much"
],
[
"many",
"many"
],
[
"a lot of",
"a lot of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) much, many, a lot of smth. (especially high, eminent)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʲes]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-es"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-лес.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Ru-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "lěs",
"word": "лѣсъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Building materials",
"sh:Burial",
"sh:Forests"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "tree, forest",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lěsъ",
"4": "",
"5": "tree, forest"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěsъ (“tree, forest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lȇs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́сови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "леса",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ле́со̄ва̄",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лес",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесове",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесе",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "лесови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "лесу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "лесом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "лесовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ле̑с"
},
"expansion": "ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ле̑с",
"10": "лесови",
"11": "лесу",
"12": "лесовима",
"13": "лесом",
"14": "лесовима",
"2": "ле́сови",
"3": "леса",
"4": "ле́со̄ва̄",
"5": "лесу",
"6": "лесовима",
"7": "лес",
"8": "лесове",
"9": "лесе"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coffin"
],
"links": [
[
"coffin",
"coffin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lumber"
],
"links": [
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
]
],
"qualifier": "regionally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regionally) lumber"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forest, woods"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"woods",
"woods"
]
],
"qualifier": "regionally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regionally) forest, woods"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lêːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Ijekavian"
],
"word": "лије̑с"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sh:Building materials",
"sh:Burial",
"sh:Forests"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Löss"
},
"expansion": "German Löss",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Löss.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ле̑с",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "lȇs",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ле̑с"
},
"expansion": "ле̑с m (Latin spelling lȇs)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sh:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"loess"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"loess",
"loess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) loess"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lêːs/"
}
],
"word": "лес"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.