See жица on Wiktionary
{
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"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žica",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *žica.",
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{
"form": "жи́ца",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "žíca",
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"form": "bg-ndecl",
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"form": "жи́ца",
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},
{
"form": "жи́ци",
"roman": "žíci",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "жи́цата",
"roman": "žícata",
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"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жи́ците",
"roman": "žícite",
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"plural"
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"жи́‧ца"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "жи́ца<>"
},
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],
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"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "sinew",
"roman": "žila",
"word": "жила"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wireless",
"roman": "bezžičen",
"word": "безжичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "wire",
"roman": "tel",
"word": "тел"
}
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"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "36 19 8 19 8 8",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "37 19 9 19 9 9",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "telegraph wire",
"roman": "telegráfna žíca",
"text": "телегра́фна жи́ца",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "electrical wire",
"roman": "elektríčeska žíca",
"text": "електри́ческа жи́ца",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wire, cable (flexible metal thread, used primarily as an electrical conductor)"
],
"id": "en-жица-bg-noun-2CNxYOo8",
"links": [
[
"wire",
"wire"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
]
},
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"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"string (instrument)"
],
"id": "en-жица-bg-noun-drJ1QCb1",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) string (instrument)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ни́шка"
},
{
"word": "връв"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʒit͡sɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-жица.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav.ogg"
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}
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"word": "жица"
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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"3": "*žica",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žica.",
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{
"form": "žica",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "жичен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
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]
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{
"form": "жичка",
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"diminutive"
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},
{
"form": "жицата",
"roman": "žicata",
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"definite",
"singular",
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]
},
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"form": "жиците",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "жицава",
"roman": "žicava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жициве",
"roman": "žicive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "жицана",
"roman": "žicana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицине",
"roman": "žicine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицо",
"roman": "žico",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
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"form": "жици",
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]
}
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"1": "f",
"adj": "жичен",
"dim": "жичка"
},
"expansion": "жица • (žica) f (relational adjective жичен, diminutive жичка)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
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"1": "жиц"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "жицје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "жицине",
"def_dist_sg": "жицана",
"def_prox_pl": "жициве",
"def_prox_sg": "жицава",
"def_unsp_pl": "жиците",
"def_unsp_sg": "жицата",
"ind_pl": "жици",
"ind_sg": "жица",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "жици",
"voc_sg": "жицо"
},
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}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wire"
],
"id": "en-жица-mk-noun-myq~wpzE",
"links": [
[
"wire",
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]
]
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"_dis": "11 89",
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"string (instrument)"
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]
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"ipa": "[ˈʒit͡sa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
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],
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"form": "жи̏ца",
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"form": "žȉca",
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
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"nominative",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицо",
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"tags": [
"singular",
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},
{
"form": "жице",
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"plural",
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},
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"form": "жици",
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"form": "жицама",
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"locative",
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]
},
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"form": "жицом",
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"instrumental",
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"form": "жицама",
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"instrumental",
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"expansion": "жи̏ца f (Latin spelling žȉca)",
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],
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"жи‧ца"
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"2": "жице",
"3": "жице",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"acanthus spinosissimus"
],
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[
"acanthus",
"acanthus"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒîtsa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
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],
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"form": "жи̏ца",
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"form": "žȉca",
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"form": "жица",
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{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
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{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
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},
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"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
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"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
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"accusative",
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},
{
"form": "жицо",
"source": "declension",
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"singular",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "жице",
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"plural",
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"form": "жици",
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"form": "жицама",
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"locative",
"plural"
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"form": "жицом",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
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{
"form": "жицама",
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"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
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{
"args": {
"1": "жица",
"10": "жице",
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"2": "жице",
"3": "жице",
"4": "жица",
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"8": "жице",
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],
"glosses": [
"wire (thin thread of metal)"
],
"id": "en-жица-sh-noun-0iY7CkuE",
"links": [
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"wire",
"wire"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒîtsa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/it͡sɐ",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/it͡sɐ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "sla-pro",
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"form": "жи́ца",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "žíca",
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"form": "жи́чен",
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"relational"
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"form": "жи́чка",
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{
"form": "жи́ца",
"roman": "žíca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жи́ци",
"roman": "žíci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жи́цата",
"roman": "žícata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жи́ците",
"roman": "žícite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "f",
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"dim": "жи́чка"
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"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"жи́‧ца"
],
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"args": {
"1": "жи́ца<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "sinew",
"roman": "žila",
"word": "жила"
},
{
"english": "wireless",
"roman": "bezžičen",
"word": "безжичен"
},
{
"english": "wire",
"roman": "tel",
"word": "тел"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "telegraph wire",
"roman": "telegráfna žíca",
"text": "телегра́фна жи́ца",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "electrical wire",
"roman": "elektríčeska žíca",
"text": "електри́ческа жи́ца",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wire, cable (flexible metal thread, used primarily as an electrical conductor)"
],
"links": [
[
"wire",
"wire"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"string (instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) string (instrument)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ни́шка"
},
{
"word": "връв"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʒit͡sɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-жица.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sɐ"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Macedonian/it͡sa",
"Rhymes:Macedonian/it͡sa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*žica",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žica",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*žica"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žica",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žica.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "žica",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "жичен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "жичка",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"roman": "žica",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"roman": "žici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицата",
"roman": "žicata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "жиците",
"roman": "žicite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "жицава",
"roman": "žicava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жициве",
"roman": "žicive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "жицана",
"roman": "žicana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицине",
"roman": "žicine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицо",
"roman": "žico",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"roman": "žici",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "жичен",
"dim": "жичка"
},
"expansion": "жица • (žica) f (relational adjective жичен, diminutive жичка)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "жиц"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "жицје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "жицине",
"def_dist_sg": "жицана",
"def_prox_pl": "жициве",
"def_prox_sg": "жицава",
"def_unsp_pl": "жиците",
"def_unsp_sg": "жицата",
"ind_pl": "жици",
"ind_sg": "жица",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "жици",
"voc_sg": "жицо"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wire"
],
"links": [
[
"wire",
"wire"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"string (instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʒit͡sa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Serbo-Croatian/it͡sa",
"Rhymes:Serbo-Croatian/it͡sa/2 syllables",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dьžica",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dьžica",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dьžica"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьžica",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьžica.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "жи̏ца",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žȉca",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицо",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "жи̏ца"
},
"expansion": "жи̏ца f (Latin spelling žȉca)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"жи‧ца"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "жица",
"10": "жице",
"11": "жици",
"12": "жицама",
"13": "жицом",
"14": "жицама",
"2": "жице",
"3": "жице",
"4": "жица",
"5": "жици",
"6": "жицама",
"7": "жицу",
"8": "жице",
"9": "жицо"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"acanthus spinosissimus"
],
"links": [
[
"acanthus",
"acanthus"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒîtsa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Serbo-Croatian/it͡sa",
"Rhymes:Serbo-Croatian/it͡sa/2 syllables",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*žica",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žica",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*žica"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žica",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žica.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "жи̏ца",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "žȉca",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жица",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицо",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "жице",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "жици",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "жицом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "жицама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "жи̏ца"
},
"expansion": "жи̏ца f (Latin spelling žȉca)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"жи‧ца"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "жица",
"10": "жице",
"11": "жици",
"12": "жицама",
"13": "жицом",
"14": "жицама",
"2": "жице",
"3": "жице",
"4": "жица",
"5": "жици",
"6": "жицама",
"7": "жицу",
"8": "жице",
"9": "жицо"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wire (thin thread of metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"wire",
"wire"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒîtsa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-it͡sa"
}
],
"word": "жица"
}
Download raw JSONL data for жица meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.