See граждан on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ru",
"3": "граждани́н",
"t": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "Russian граждани́н (graždanín, “citizen”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian граждани́н (graždanín, “citizen”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grajdan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ba-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "grajdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандар",
"roman": "grajdandar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандың",
"roman": "grajdandıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙың",
"roman": "grajdandarźıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданға",
"roman": "grajdanğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарға",
"roman": "grajdandarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданды",
"roman": "grajdandı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙы",
"roman": "grajdandarźı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданда",
"roman": "grajdanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙа",
"roman": "grajdandarźa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандан",
"roman": "grajdandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙан",
"roman": "grajdandarźan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "граждан • (grajdan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "граждан • (grajdan)",
"name": "ba-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"граж‧дан"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "граждан",
"10": "граждандарҙа",
"11": "граждандан",
"12": "граждандарҙан",
"2": "граждандар",
"3": "граждандың",
"4": "граждандарҙың",
"5": "гражданға",
"6": "граждандарға",
"7": "гражданды",
"8": "граждандарҙы",
"9": "гражданда"
},
"name": "ba-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bashkir entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Foreign citizens.",
"roman": "Sit il grajdandarı.",
"text": "Сит ил граждандары.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"id": "en-граждан-ba-noun-bl9hcNTh",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräʐ.dän]"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "гражданка",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from гражданка (hraždanka)",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "cu",
"3": "гражданинъ",
"alt": "гражданъ",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic гражданъ (graždanŭ)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гра́жданин"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian гра́жданин (gráždanin)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "граждани́н"
},
"expansion": "Russian граждани́н (graždanín)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "грађанин//građanin"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian грађанин /građanin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a back-formation from гражданка (hraždanka), гражданство (hraždanstvo) or the nominative plural form гражданє (hraždanje), which would explain the deviation from expected *гражданин (*hraždanin). Alternatively, a direct learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic гражданъ (graždanŭ). Compare Bulgarian гра́жданин (gráždanin), Russian граждани́н (graždanín) and Serbo-Croatian грађанин /građanin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hraždan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "граждански",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rsk-decl-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "hraždan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданє",
"roman": "hraždanje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждана",
"roman": "hraždana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданови",
"roman": "hraždanovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданом",
"roman": "hraždanom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждана",
"roman": "hraždana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданом",
"roman": "hraždanom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданами",
"roman": "hraždanami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданови",
"roman": "hraždanovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "hraždan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданє",
"roman": "hraždanje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"10": "гражданка",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"21": "related adjective",
"22": "граждански",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"29": "",
"3": "",
"30": "",
"31": "",
"32": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "female equivalent",
"g": "m-pr",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "граждан (hraždan) m pers (female equivalent гражданка, related adjective граждански)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"adj": "граждански",
"f": "гражданка"
},
"expansion": "граждан (hraždan) m pers (female equivalent гражданка, related adjective граждански)",
"name": "rsk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"граж‧дан"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "граждан",
"10": "гражданом",
"11": "гражданох",
"12": "гражданами",
"13": "гражданох",
"14": "гражданє",
"2": "граждана",
"3": "гражданови",
"4": "граждана",
"5": "гражданом",
"6": "гражданови",
"7": "граждан",
"8": "гражданє",
"9": "гражданох"
},
"name": "rsk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pannonian Rusyn back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pannonian Rusyn entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "rsk",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "rsk:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"id": "en-граждан-rsk-noun-bl9hcNTh",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "hraždanstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гражданство"
},
{
"roman": "malohraždan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "малограждан"
},
{
"roman": "sohraždan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "сограждан"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦraʒdan]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʒdan"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "гра́ждан",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gráždan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-an-p",
"head": "гра́ждан"
},
"expansion": "гра́ждан • (gráždan) m anim pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "graždanín",
"word": "граждани́н"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of граждани́н (graždanín)"
],
"id": "en-граждан-ru-noun-nlbv9f3n",
"links": [
[
"граждани́н",
"гражданин#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡraʐdən]"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ru",
"3": "граждани́н",
"t": "citizen"
},
"expansion": "Russian граждани́н (graždanín, “citizen”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian граждани́н (graždanín, “citizen”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grajdan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ba-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "grajdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандар",
"roman": "grajdandar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"absolute",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандың",
"roman": "grajdandıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙың",
"roman": "grajdandarźıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданға",
"roman": "grajdanğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарға",
"roman": "grajdandarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданды",
"roman": "grajdandı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙы",
"roman": "grajdandarźı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданда",
"roman": "grajdanda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙа",
"roman": "grajdandarźa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандан",
"roman": "grajdandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "граждандарҙан",
"roman": "grajdandarźan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "граждан • (grajdan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "граждан • (grajdan)",
"name": "ba-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"граж‧дан"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "граждан",
"10": "граждандарҙа",
"11": "граждандан",
"12": "граждандарҙан",
"2": "граждандар",
"3": "граждандың",
"4": "граждандарҙың",
"5": "гражданға",
"6": "граждандарға",
"7": "гражданды",
"8": "граждандарҙы",
"9": "гражданда"
},
"name": "ba-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bashkir entries with incorrect language header",
"Bashkir lemmas",
"Bashkir nouns",
"Bashkir terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bashkir terms derived from Russian",
"Bashkir terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Foreign citizens.",
"roman": "Sit il grajdandarı.",
"text": "Сит ил граждандары.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡräʐ.dän]"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "гражданка",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from гражданка (hraždanka)",
"name": "back-formation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "cu",
"3": "гражданинъ",
"alt": "гражданъ",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic гражданъ (graždanŭ)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гра́жданин"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian гра́жданин (gráždanin)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "граждани́н"
},
"expansion": "Russian граждани́н (graždanín)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "грађанин//građanin"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian грађанин /građanin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly a back-formation from гражданка (hraždanka), гражданство (hraždanstvo) or the nominative plural form гражданє (hraždanje), which would explain the deviation from expected *гражданин (*hraždanin). Alternatively, a direct learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic гражданъ (graždanŭ). Compare Bulgarian гра́жданин (gráždanin), Russian граждани́н (graždanín) and Serbo-Croatian грађанин /građanin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hraždan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "граждански",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rsk-decl-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "hraždan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданє",
"roman": "hraždanje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждана",
"roman": "hraždana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданови",
"roman": "hraždanovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданом",
"roman": "hraždanom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждана",
"roman": "hraždana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданом",
"roman": "hraždanom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданами",
"roman": "hraždanami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданови",
"roman": "hraždanovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданох",
"roman": "hraždanox",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "граждан",
"roman": "hraždan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "гражданє",
"roman": "hraždanje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"10": "гражданка",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "noun",
"20": "",
"21": "related adjective",
"22": "граждански",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"29": "",
"3": "",
"30": "",
"31": "",
"32": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "female equivalent",
"g": "m-pr",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "граждан (hraždan) m pers (female equivalent гражданка, related adjective граждански)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"adj": "граждански",
"f": "гражданка"
},
"expansion": "граждан (hraždan) m pers (female equivalent гражданка, related adjective граждански)",
"name": "rsk-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"граж‧дан"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "граждан",
"10": "гражданом",
"11": "гражданох",
"12": "гражданами",
"13": "гражданох",
"14": "гражданє",
"2": "граждана",
"3": "гражданови",
"4": "граждана",
"5": "гражданом",
"6": "гражданови",
"7": "граждан",
"8": "гражданє",
"9": "гражданох"
},
"name": "rsk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hraždanstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гражданство"
},
{
"roman": "malohraždan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "малограждан"
},
{
"roman": "sohraždan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "сограждан"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pannonian Rusyn back-formations",
"Pannonian Rusyn entries with incorrect language header",
"Pannonian Rusyn learned borrowings from Old Church Slavonic",
"Pannonian Rusyn lemmas",
"Pannonian Rusyn masculine nouns",
"Pannonian Rusyn nouns",
"Pannonian Rusyn personal nouns",
"Pannonian Rusyn terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic",
"Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Old Church Slavonic",
"Pannonian Rusyn terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Pannonian Rusyn terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/aʒdan",
"Rhymes:Pannonian Rusyn/aʒdan/2 syllables",
"rsk:Male people"
],
"glosses": [
"citizen"
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɦraʒdan]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʒdan"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "гра́ждан",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gráždan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-an-p",
"head": "гра́ждан"
},
"expansion": "гра́ждан • (gráždan) m anim pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "graždanín",
"word": "граждани́н"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of граждани́н (graždanín)"
],
"links": [
[
"граждани́н",
"гражданин#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡraʐdən]"
}
],
"word": "граждан"
}
Download raw JSONL data for граждан meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.