See χαλκός on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "oreíkhalkos",
"word": "ὀρείχαλκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pankhálkeos",
"word": "παγχάλκεος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pánkhalkos",
"word": "πάγχαλκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "polúkhalkos",
"word": "πολύχαλκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hupókhalkos",
"word": "ὑπόχαλκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkánthē",
"word": "χαλκάνθη"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkanthon",
"word": "χάλκανθον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkanthos",
"word": "χάλκανθος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkaspis",
"word": "χάλκασπις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeía",
"word": "χαλκεία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeîon",
"word": "χαλκεῖον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkeios",
"word": "χάλκειος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkémbolos",
"word": "χαλκέμβολος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeothṓrax",
"word": "χαλκεοθώραξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkeos",
"word": "χάλκεος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeóphōnos",
"word": "χαλκεόφωνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeús",
"word": "χαλκεύς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeutikós",
"word": "χαλκευτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeutós",
"word": "χαλκευτός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeúō",
"word": "χαλκεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkeṓn",
"word": "χαλκεών"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkḗïos",
"word": "χαλκήϊος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkḗlatos",
"word": "χαλκήλατος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkḗrēs",
"word": "χαλκήρης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkētárion",
"word": "χαλκητάριον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkinos",
"word": "χάλκινος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkíoikos",
"word": "χαλκίοικος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkíon",
"word": "χαλκίον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkís",
"word": "χαλκίς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkîtis",
"word": "χαλκῖτις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkobarḗs",
"word": "χαλκοβαρής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkobatḗs",
"word": "χαλκοβατής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkógenus",
"word": "χαλκόγενυς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkoglṓkhis",
"word": "χαλκογλώχις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkódetos",
"word": "χαλκόδετος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkoeidḗs",
"word": "χαλκοειδής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkoknḗmis",
"word": "χαλκοκνήμις"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkokorustḗs",
"word": "χαλκοκορυστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkókrotos",
"word": "χαλκόκροτος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkomólubdos",
"word": "χαλκομόλυβδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkopárēios",
"word": "χαλκοπάρῃος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkópous",
"word": "χαλκόπους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkotupéō",
"word": "χαλκοτυπέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkótupos",
"word": "χαλκότυπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkourgós",
"word": "χαλκουργός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkoûs",
"word": "χαλκοῦς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkóphōnos",
"word": "χαλκόφωνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkokhítōn",
"word": "χαλκοχίτων"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khalkóō",
"word": "χαλκόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "khálkōma",
"word": "χάλκωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Khálkōn",
"word": "Χάλκων"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χαλκός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "حَلْقُوس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)\n→ French: harkous, harqous",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)\n→ French: harkous, harqous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*želězo",
"3": "",
"4": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ḫapalki-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from an eastern substrate.\nCognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a), 𐀏𐀒 (ka-ko, “copper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰλκός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khalkós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ χᾰλκός",
"roman": "ho khalkós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "tṑ khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ χᾰλκοί",
"roman": "hoi khalkoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ",
"roman": "toû khalkoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν",
"roman": "toîn khalkoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν χᾰλκῶν",
"roman": "tôn khalkôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰλκῷ",
"roman": "tôi khalkôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν",
"roman": "toîn khalkoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς",
"roman": "toîs khalkoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν χᾰλκόν",
"roman": "tòn khalkón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "tṑ khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς χᾰλκούς",
"roman": "toùs khalkoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκέ",
"roman": "khalké",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκοί",
"roman": "khalkoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰλκός",
"2": "χᾰλκοῦ",
"3": "m",
"4": "second"
},
"expansion": "χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰλκός",
"2": "χᾰλκοῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 30 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 28 27 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"copper, or copper alloyed with tin, bronze"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-grc-noun-asqHgTsu",
"links": [
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"alloy",
"alloy"
],
[
"tin",
"tin"
],
[
"bronze",
"bronze"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 50 13 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 30 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 28 27 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 60 5 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 63 3 1 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 49 20 2 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Chemical elements",
"orig": "grc:Chemical elements",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 42 32 2 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "grc:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of metal"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-grc-noun-N8IPo41z",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) anything made of metal"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 30 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 28 27 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"copper, cauldron, urn"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-grc-noun-0DjRpbwX",
"links": [
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"cauldron",
"cauldron"
],
[
"urn",
"urn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"copper money"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-grc-noun-10MZoGwf",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 30 7 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 28 27 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the phrase χαλκοῦ ἄνθος (khalkoû ánthos): particle thrown off by copper while cooling"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-grc-noun-ZqwX6NT~",
"links": [
[
"ἄνθος",
"ἄνθος#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰal.kós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰal.kós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰalˈkos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kaukhós",
"tags": [
"Cretan"
],
"word": "καυχός"
}
],
"word": "χαλκός"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χαλκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "en",
"3": "bronze",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from English bronze",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós) & semantic loan from English bronze.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chalkós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκός",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκού",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκών",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκό",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκούς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκέ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "χαλκοί",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "χαλκός • (chalkós) m (plural χαλκοί)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "χαλκοί"
},
"expansion": "χαλκός • (chalkós) m (plural χαλκοί)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χαλ‧κός"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χαλκός",
"2": "χαλκοί",
"3": "χαλκού",
"4": "χαλκών",
"5": "χαλκό",
"6": "χαλκούς",
"7": "χαλκέ",
"8": "χαλκοί",
"note": "Usually in the singular."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Chemical elements",
"orig": "el:Chemical elements",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "el:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "el:Metallurgy",
"parents": [
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "el:Metals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Bronze Age",
"roman": "Epochí tou Chalkoú",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Εποχή του Χαλκού"
}
],
"glosses": [
"copper"
],
"id": "en-χαλκός-el-noun-0W8G~iVd",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"metallurgy",
"metallurgy"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry, metallurgy) copper"
],
"related": [
{
"english": "copper, copper coloured",
"roman": "chalko-",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "χαλκο-"
},
{
"roman": "epichálkosi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιχάλκωση"
},
{
"english": "bronze",
"roman": "oreíchalkos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ορείχαλκος"
},
{
"english": "bronze",
"roman": "oreichálkinos",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ορειχάλκινος"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκείο"
},
{
"roman": "chálkevma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χάλκευμα"
},
{
"roman": "chálkefsi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χάλκευση"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeftírio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκευτήριο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeftís",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκευτής"
},
{
"roman": "chalkévo",
"word": "χαλκεύω"
},
{
"roman": "chalkiás",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκιάς"
},
{
"english": "made of copper",
"roman": "chálkinos",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "χάλκινος"
},
{
"roman": "chalkourgeío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκουργείο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkourgós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκουργός"
},
{
"english": "made of copper",
"roman": "chalkoús",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"formal"
],
"word": "χαλκούς"
},
{
"roman": "chálkoma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χάλκωμα"
},
{
"roman": "chalkomatádiko",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκωματάδικο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkomatás",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκωματάς"
},
{
"roman": "chalkorycheío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκωρυχείο"
}
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"metallurgy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
}
],
"word": "χαλκός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms borrowed from substrate languages",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"grc:Chemical elements",
"grc:Metals"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "oreíkhalkos",
"word": "ὀρείχαλκος"
},
{
"roman": "pankhálkeos",
"word": "παγχάλκεος"
},
{
"roman": "pánkhalkos",
"word": "πάγχαλκος"
},
{
"roman": "polúkhalkos",
"word": "πολύχαλκος"
},
{
"roman": "hupókhalkos",
"word": "ὑπόχαλκος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkánthē",
"word": "χαλκάνθη"
},
{
"roman": "khálkanthon",
"word": "χάλκανθον"
},
{
"roman": "khálkanthos",
"word": "χάλκανθος"
},
{
"roman": "khálkaspis",
"word": "χάλκασπις"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeía",
"word": "χαλκεία"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeîon",
"word": "χαλκεῖον"
},
{
"roman": "khálkeios",
"word": "χάλκειος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkémbolos",
"word": "χαλκέμβολος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeothṓrax",
"word": "χαλκεοθώραξ"
},
{
"roman": "khálkeos",
"word": "χάλκεος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeóphōnos",
"word": "χαλκεόφωνος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeús",
"word": "χαλκεύς"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeutikós",
"word": "χαλκευτικός"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeutós",
"word": "χαλκευτός"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeúō",
"word": "χαλκεύω"
},
{
"roman": "khalkeṓn",
"word": "χαλκεών"
},
{
"roman": "khalkḗïos",
"word": "χαλκήϊος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkḗlatos",
"word": "χαλκήλατος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkḗrēs",
"word": "χαλκήρης"
},
{
"roman": "khalkētárion",
"word": "χαλκητάριον"
},
{
"roman": "khálkinos",
"word": "χάλκινος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkíoikos",
"word": "χαλκίοικος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkíon",
"word": "χαλκίον"
},
{
"roman": "khalkís",
"word": "χαλκίς"
},
{
"roman": "khalkîtis",
"word": "χαλκῖτις"
},
{
"roman": "khalkobarḗs",
"word": "χαλκοβαρής"
},
{
"roman": "khalkobatḗs",
"word": "χαλκοβατής"
},
{
"roman": "khalkógenus",
"word": "χαλκόγενυς"
},
{
"roman": "khalkoglṓkhis",
"word": "χαλκογλώχις"
},
{
"roman": "khalkódetos",
"word": "χαλκόδετος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkoeidḗs",
"word": "χαλκοειδής"
},
{
"roman": "khalkoknḗmis",
"word": "χαλκοκνήμις"
},
{
"roman": "khalkokorustḗs",
"word": "χαλκοκορυστής"
},
{
"roman": "khalkókrotos",
"word": "χαλκόκροτος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkomólubdos",
"word": "χαλκομόλυβδος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkopárēios",
"word": "χαλκοπάρῃος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkópous",
"word": "χαλκόπους"
},
{
"roman": "khalkotupéō",
"word": "χαλκοτυπέω"
},
{
"roman": "khalkótupos",
"word": "χαλκότυπος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkourgós",
"word": "χαλκουργός"
},
{
"roman": "khalkoûs",
"word": "χαλκοῦς"
},
{
"roman": "khalkóphōnos",
"word": "χαλκόφωνος"
},
{
"roman": "khalkokhítōn",
"word": "χαλκοχίτων"
},
{
"roman": "khalkóō",
"word": "χαλκόω"
},
{
"roman": "khálkōma",
"word": "χάλκωμα"
},
{
"roman": "Khálkōn",
"word": "Χάλκων"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χαλκός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χαλκός (chalkós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "حَلْقُوس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)\n→ French: harkous, harqous",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: حَلْقُوس (ḥalqūs), حَلْقُوص (ḥalqūṣ), حَرْقُوس (ḥarqūs), حَرْقُوص (ḥarqūṣ)\n→ French: harkous, harqous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*želězo",
"3": "",
"4": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ferrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ḫapalki-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from an eastern substrate.\nCognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a), 𐀏𐀒 (ka-ko, “copper”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰλκός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khalkós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ χᾰλκός",
"roman": "ho khalkós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "tṑ khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ χᾰλκοί",
"roman": "hoi khalkoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ",
"roman": "toû khalkoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν",
"roman": "toîn khalkoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν χᾰλκῶν",
"roman": "tôn khalkôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰλκῷ",
"roman": "tôi khalkôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν",
"roman": "toîn khalkoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς",
"roman": "toîs khalkoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν χᾰλκόν",
"roman": "tòn khalkón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "tṑ khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς χᾰλκούς",
"roman": "toùs khalkoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκέ",
"roman": "khalké",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκώ",
"roman": "khalkṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰλκοί",
"roman": "khalkoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰλκός",
"2": "χᾰλκοῦ",
"3": "m",
"4": "second"
},
"expansion": "χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰλκός",
"2": "χᾰλκοῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"copper, or copper alloyed with tin, bronze"
],
"links": [
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"alloy",
"alloy"
],
[
"tin",
"tin"
],
[
"bronze",
"bronze"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"anything made of metal"
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) anything made of metal"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"copper, cauldron, urn"
],
"links": [
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"cauldron",
"cauldron"
],
[
"urn",
"urn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"copper money"
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the phrase χαλκοῦ ἄνθος (khalkoû ánthos): particle thrown off by copper while cooling"
],
"links": [
[
"ἄνθος",
"ἄνθος#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰal.kós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰal.kós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰalˈkos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaukhós",
"tags": [
"Cretan"
],
"word": "καυχός"
}
],
"word": "χαλκός"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "Bronze Age",
"roman": "Epochí tou Chalkoú",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Εποχή του Χαλκού"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χαλκός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "en",
"3": "bronze",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from English bronze",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós) & semantic loan from English bronze.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chalkós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκός",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκού",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκών",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκό",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκούς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκέ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χαλκοί",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "χαλκοί",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "χαλκός • (chalkós) m (plural χαλκοί)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "χαλκοί"
},
"expansion": "χαλκός • (chalkós) m (plural χαλκοί)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χαλ‧κός"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χαλκός",
"2": "χαλκοί",
"3": "χαλκού",
"4": "χαλκών",
"5": "χαλκό",
"6": "χαλκούς",
"7": "χαλκέ",
"8": "χαλκοί",
"note": "Usually in the singular."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "copper, copper coloured",
"roman": "chalko-",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "χαλκο-"
},
{
"roman": "epichálkosi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επιχάλκωση"
},
{
"english": "bronze",
"roman": "oreíchalkos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ορείχαλκος"
},
{
"english": "bronze",
"roman": "oreichálkinos",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ορειχάλκινος"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκείο"
},
{
"roman": "chálkevma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χάλκευμα"
},
{
"roman": "chálkefsi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "χάλκευση"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeftírio",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκευτήριο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkeftís",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκευτής"
},
{
"roman": "chalkévo",
"word": "χαλκεύω"
},
{
"roman": "chalkiás",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκιάς"
},
{
"english": "made of copper",
"roman": "chálkinos",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "χάλκινος"
},
{
"roman": "chalkourgeío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκουργείο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkourgós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκουργός"
},
{
"english": "made of copper",
"roman": "chalkoús",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"formal"
],
"word": "χαλκούς"
},
{
"roman": "chálkoma",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χάλκωμα"
},
{
"roman": "chalkomatádiko",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκωματάδικο"
},
{
"roman": "chalkomatás",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαλκωματάς"
},
{
"roman": "chalkorycheío",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλκωρυχείο"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'",
"Greek semantic loans from English",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"el:Chemical elements",
"el:Chemistry",
"el:Metallurgy",
"el:Metals"
],
"glosses": [
"copper"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"metallurgy",
"metallurgy"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry, metallurgy) copper"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"metallurgy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xalˈkos/"
}
],
"word": "χαλκός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for χαλκός meaning in All languages combined (13.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Greek]; cleaned text: Usually in the singular., style: background:#fdfdfd////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"χαλκός"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "χαλκός",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.