See γράμμα on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "grammateídion",
"word": "γραμματείδιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "grammatikós",
"word": "γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "grammatistḗs",
"word": "γραμματιστής"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërmë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gërmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gërmë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërmoj",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: gërmoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: gërmoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гра́мата",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: гра́мата (hrámata)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: гра́мата (hrámata)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "грамота́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: грамота́ (gramotá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: грамота́ (gramotá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γράμμα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: γράμμα (grámma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: γράμμα (grámma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "grāmata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: grāmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: grāmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grõmata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: grõmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: grõmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гра́мота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гра́мота (grámota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гра́мота (grámota)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гра̀мата",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гра̀мата",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гра̀мата"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gràmata",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gràmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gràmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гра́мота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: гра́мота (hrámota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: гра́мота (hrámota)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφω",
"3": "μα",
"pos2": "result noun suffix",
"t1": "I write"
},
"expansion": "γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpa",
"2": "גרוֹם",
"t": "kernel",
"tr": "grūm"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרוֹם (grūm, “kernel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ",
"t": "bone; kernel, stone, pit",
"tr": "grūmā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ (grūmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَرَام",
"t": "date-stone"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَرَام (jarām, “date-stone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).\nAbout its weight meaning there are two theories:\n* It was taken from Latin scrūpulus, which in its meaning, \"smallest division of weight\", was more frequently written scrūpulum, scrīpulum, and by some fancied derivation from scrīptum was written scrīptulum, scrīptlum. Hence it was later translated in Ancient Greek as γράμμα from γράφω (gráphō, “to write”), as scrīptulum from scrībō (“to write”).\n* It was a Semitic borrowing, with the measure tallied to the stones or pits of small fruits, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרוֹם (grūm, “kernel”), Classical Syriac ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ (grūmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”), Arabic جَرَام (jarām, “date-stone”), related to the common גַּרְמָא / ܓܰܪܡܳܐ (garmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grámma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "tò grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "tṑ grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "tà grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ γρᾰ́μμᾰτος",
"roman": "toû grámmatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν",
"roman": "toîn grammátoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν γρᾰμμᾰ́των",
"roman": "tôn grammátōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ γρᾰ́μμᾰτῐ",
"roman": "tôi grámmati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν",
"roman": "toîn grammátoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toîs grámmasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toîs grámmasin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "tò grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "tṑ grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "tà grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμματος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third"
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (genitive γράμματος); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμμᾰ",
"2": "γράμμᾰτος",
"form": "N-full"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 11 11 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 14 14 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 13 13 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -μα",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that which is written, that which is drawn, picture"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-grc-noun-9DEbtu75",
"links": [
[
"picture",
"picture"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 14 14 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 45 15 25 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"orig": "grc:Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"parents": [
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-grc-noun--AEF76tt",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 14 14 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alphabet"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-grc-noun-TdTzg1UF",
"links": [
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) alphabet"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 14 14 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"writing, book"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-grc-noun-SXfRMU0o",
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "grc:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 14 14 14 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of small weight, 1/24 of an ounce, scruple"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-grc-noun-4YQNarMf",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"ounce",
"ounce"
],
[
"scruple",
"scruple"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrám.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrám.ma/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡram.ma/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gráthma",
"tags": [
"Doric"
],
"word": "γράθμα"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "γράμμα"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gramë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gramë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gramë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γράμμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γράφω",
"3": "μα",
"pos2": "result noun suffix",
"t1": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma). Morphologically γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grámma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-μα-ματα-2b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γραμμάτων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "γράμματα",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "γράμματα"
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"γράμ‧μα"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμμα",
"2": "γράμματα",
"3": "γράμματος",
"4": "γραμμάτων",
"5": "γράμμα",
"6": "γράμματα",
"7": "γράμμα",
"8": "γράμματα",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "grammar",
"roman": "grammatikí",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραμματική"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "written",
"roman": "gramménos",
"word": "γραμμένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "secretary",
"roman": "grammatéas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "γραμματέας"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "heads or tails",
"roman": "koróna í grámmata",
"word": "κορώνα ή γράμματα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "secretariat",
"roman": "grammateía",
"sense": "and see",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραμματεία"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"letter (written or printed symbol)"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-ECVyjEKh",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "el:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 3 3 6 7 29 10 10 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 3 3 6 6 37 9 9 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 60 6 18 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 42 12 7 9 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'κύμα'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 60 9 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek terms suffixed with -μα",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"character"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-S87z3nbq",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) character"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Literature and the arts",
"roman": "Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes.",
"text": "Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"literature, letters"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-x0OT78Ss",
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) literature, letters"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "literally, “Do you know letters?”",
"text": "Ξέρεις γράμματα;\nXéreis grámmata;\nCan you read?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"education, literacy"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-ZgsCTr0R",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"literacy",
"literacy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural, informal) education, literacy"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I've told you and I'm telling you again\ndon't write me letters\nbecause I can't read (letters)\nand tears overcome me",
"roman": "Sto ’pa kai sto xanaléo\nmi mou gráfeis grámmata\ngiatí grámmata den xéro\nkai me piánoun klámata.",
"text": "Στο ’πα και στο ξαναλέω\nμη μου γράφεις γράμματα\nγιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω\nκαι με πιάνουν κλάματα.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter (correspondence)"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-sDj3kCfw",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tails (of a coin; mainly used in κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”))"
],
"id": "en-γράμμα-el-noun-T5~bnTkl",
"links": [
[
"tails",
"tails"
],
[
"κορώνα ή γράμματα",
"κορώνα ή γράμματα#Greek"
],
[
"heads or tails",
"heads or tails"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) tails (of a coin; mainly used in κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”))"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "charaktíras",
"tags": [
"character",
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαρακτήρας"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "logotechnía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "λογοτεχνία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "epistolí",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"communication",
"communications"
],
"word": "επιστολή"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "γράμμα"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbʰ-",
"Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -μα",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"grc:Letters, symbols, and punctuation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "grammateídion",
"word": "γραμματείδιον"
},
{
"roman": "grammatikós",
"word": "γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός"
},
{
"roman": "grammatistḗs",
"word": "γραμματιστής"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërmë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gërmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gërmë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërmoj",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: gërmoj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: gërmoj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гра́мата",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: гра́мата (hrámata)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: гра́мата (hrámata)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "грамота́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: грамота́ (gramotá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: грамота́ (gramotá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γράμμα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: γράμμα (grámma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: γράμμα (grámma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "grāmata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: grāmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: grāmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grõmata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: grõmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: grõmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гра́мота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гра́мота (grámota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гра́мота (grámota)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гра̀мата",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гра̀мата",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гра̀мата"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gràmata",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gràmata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gràmata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "gramota",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: gramota",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: gramota"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гра́мота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: гра́мота (hrámota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: гра́мота (hrámota)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφω",
"3": "μα",
"pos2": "result noun suffix",
"t1": "I write"
},
"expansion": "γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "sem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jpa",
"2": "גרוֹם",
"t": "kernel",
"tr": "grūm"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרוֹם (grūm, “kernel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ",
"t": "bone; kernel, stone, pit",
"tr": "grūmā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ (grūmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جَرَام",
"t": "date-stone"
},
"expansion": "Arabic جَرَام (jarām, “date-stone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From γράφω (gráphō, “I write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).\nAbout its weight meaning there are two theories:\n* It was taken from Latin scrūpulus, which in its meaning, \"smallest division of weight\", was more frequently written scrūpulum, scrīpulum, and by some fancied derivation from scrīptum was written scrīptulum, scrīptlum. Hence it was later translated in Ancient Greek as γράμμα from γράφω (gráphō, “to write”), as scrīptulum from scrībō (“to write”).\n* It was a Semitic borrowing, with the measure tallied to the stones or pits of small fruits, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גרוֹם (grūm, “kernel”), Classical Syriac ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ (grūmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”), Arabic جَرَام (jarām, “date-stone”), related to the common גַּרְמָא / ܓܰܪܡܳܐ (garmā, “bone; kernel, stone, pit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grámma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "tò grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "tṑ grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "tà grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ γρᾰ́μμᾰτος",
"roman": "toû grámmatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν",
"roman": "toîn grammátoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν γρᾰμμᾰ́των",
"roman": "tôn grammátōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ γρᾰ́μμᾰτῐ",
"roman": "tôi grámmati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν γρᾰμμᾰ́τοιν",
"roman": "toîn grammátoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰσῐν",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toîs grámmasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toîs grámmasin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "tò grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "tṑ grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾰ̀ γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "tà grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰ",
"roman": "grámma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰτε",
"roman": "grámmate",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γρᾰ́μμᾰτᾰ",
"roman": "grámmata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμματος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third"
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (genitive γράμματος); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμμᾰ",
"2": "γράμμᾰτος",
"form": "N-full"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"that which is written, that which is drawn, picture"
],
"links": [
[
"picture",
"picture"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"letter"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"alphabet"
],
"links": [
[
"alphabet",
"alphabet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) alphabet"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"writing, book"
],
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Units of measure"
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of small weight, 1/24 of an ounce, scruple"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"ounce",
"ounce"
],
[
"scruple",
"scruple"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrám.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrám.ma/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡram.ma/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣram.ma/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gráthma",
"tags": [
"Doric"
],
"word": "γράθμα"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "γράμμα"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek neuter nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'κύμα'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms suffixed with -μα",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gramë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: gramë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: gramë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γράμμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γράφω",
"3": "μα",
"pos2": "result noun suffix",
"t1": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma). Morphologically γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grámma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-μα-ματα-2b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γραμμάτων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμμα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "γράμματα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "γράμματα",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "γράμματα"
},
"expansion": "γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"γράμ‧μα"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "γράμμα",
"2": "γράμματα",
"3": "γράμματος",
"4": "γραμμάτων",
"5": "γράμμα",
"6": "γράμματα",
"7": "γράμμα",
"8": "γράμματα",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "grammar",
"roman": "grammatikí",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραμματική"
},
{
"english": "written",
"roman": "gramménos",
"word": "γραμμένος"
},
{
"english": "secretary",
"roman": "grammatéas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "γραμματέας"
},
{
"english": "heads or tails",
"roman": "koróna í grámmata",
"word": "κορώνα ή γράμματα"
},
{
"english": "secretariat",
"roman": "grammateía",
"sense": "and see",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραμματεία"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"letter (written or printed symbol)"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"el:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"character"
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"character",
"character"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) character"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Literature and the arts",
"roman": "Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes.",
"text": "Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"literature, letters"
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) literature, letters"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek informal terms",
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "literally, “Do you know letters?”",
"text": "Ξέρεις γράμματα;\nXéreis grámmata;\nCan you read?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"education, literacy"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"literacy",
"literacy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural, informal) education, literacy"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I've told you and I'm telling you again\ndon't write me letters\nbecause I can't read (letters)\nand tears overcome me",
"roman": "Sto ’pa kai sto xanaléo\nmi mou gráfeis grámmata\ngiatí grámmata den xéro\nkai me piánoun klámata.",
"text": "Στο ’πα και στο ξαναλέω\nμη μου γράφεις γράμματα\nγιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω\nκαι με πιάνουν κλάματα.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter (correspondence)"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tails (of a coin; mainly used in κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”))"
],
"links": [
[
"tails",
"tails"
],
[
"κορώνα ή γράμματα",
"κορώνα ή γράμματα#Greek"
],
[
"heads or tails",
"heads or tails"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) tails (of a coin; mainly used in κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”))"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣra.ma/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "charaktíras",
"tags": [
"character",
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαρακτήρας"
},
{
"roman": "logotechnía",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "λογοτεχνία"
},
{
"roman": "epistolí",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"communication",
"communications"
],
"word": "επιστολή"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "γράμμα"
}
Download raw JSONL data for γράμμα meaning in All languages combined (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.